Leucine degradation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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Description

While Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use most amino acids as their sole nitrogen source, they can only use a few amino acids as a carbon source to support growth (CITS:[Large86][Cooper82]). This is in contrast to most eukaryotes and some fungi, which can metabolize amino acids completely, utilizing them as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen (CITS:[Stryer88][Large 86]). S. cerevisiae degrade the branched-chain amino acids (leucine, iso-leucine, and valine) and the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) via the Ehrlich pathway (CITS:[Sentheshanmuganathan60][10989420]). This pathway is comprised of the following steps: 1) deamination of the amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid; 2) decarboxylation of the resulting alpha-keto acid to the respective aldehyde; and, 3) reduction of the aldehyde to form the corresponding long chain or complex alcohol, known as a fusel alcohol or fusel oil (CITS:[10989420][Large 86]). Fusel alcohols are important flavor and aroma compounds in yeast-fermented food products and beverages (as reported in (CITS:[9546164]). Each of the three steps in branched-chain amino acid degradation can be catalyzed by more than one isozyme; which enzyme is used appears to depend on the amino acid, the carbon source and the stage of growth of the culture (CITS:[12499363]). In leucine degradation, Thi3p is believed to be the major decarboxylase (CITS: [12499363]). SOURCE: SGD pathways, http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html

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Bibliography

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  1. Dickinson JR; ''Pathways of leucine and valine catabolism in yeast.''; Methods Enzymol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Dickinson JR, Salgado LE, Hewlins MJ; ''The catabolism of amino acids to long chain and complex alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; J Biol Chem, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. ter Schure EG, Flikweert MT, van Dijken JP, Pronk JT, Verrips CT; ''Pyruvate decarboxylase catalyzes decarboxylation of branched-chain 2-oxo acids but is not essential for fusel alcohol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; Appl Environ Microbiol, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Dickinson JR, Lanterman MM, Danner DJ, Pearson BM, Sanz P, Harrison SJ, Hewlins MJ; ''A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the metabolism of leucine to isoamyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Prohl C, Kispal G, Lill R; ''Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminases of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; Methods Enzymol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Kispal G, Steiner H, Court DA, Rolinski B, Lill R; ''Mitochondrial and cytosolic branched-chain amino acid transaminases from yeast, homologs of the myc oncogene-regulated Eca39 protein.''; J Biol Chem, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Vuralhan Z, Luttik MA, Tai SL, Boer VM, Morais MA, Schipper D, Almering MJ, Kötter P, Dickinson JR, Daran JM, Pronk JT; ''Physiological characterization of the ARO10-dependent, broad-substrate-specificity 2-oxo acid decarboxylase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Eden A, Simchen G, Benvenisty N; ''Two yeast homologs of ECA39, a target for c-Myc regulation, code for cytosolic and mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases.''; J Biol Chem, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Dickinson JR, Harrison SJ, Hewlins MJ; ''An investigation of the metabolism of valine to isobutyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; J Biol Chem, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. ''leucine degradation''; YeastPathways,

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
135966view00:37, 5 December 2024KhanspersOntology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
135965view00:37, 5 December 2024Khanspersdecreased boardheight
135964view00:36, 5 December 2024Khanspersremoved GenMAPP comments, updated reference
135962view00:00, 5 December 2024Khanspersadded xrefs, update interactions
117309view11:18, 20 May 2021EweitzModified title
70265view21:47, 15 July 2013MaintBotupdated to 2013 schema
69860view17:23, 11 July 2013EgonwMarked a few DataNodes with CAS registry numbers as metabolites.
67433view11:01, 26 June 2013DdiglesOntology Term : 'leucine degradation pathway ' added !
41872view04:52, 2 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
36666view23:07, 9 April 2010MaintBot
36642view22:37, 9 April 2010MaintBotDescription and bibliography added from SGD
21421view11:31, 14 November 2008MaintBot[[Pathway:Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Leucine Degradation]] moved to [[Pathway:WP354]]: Moved to stable identifier
12766view08:01, 17 May 2008MaintBotautomated metabolite conversion
8810view14:09, 7 January 2008MaintBotAdded to category $category
8808view14:09, 7 January 2008J.HeckmanUploaded new pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
2-oxoglutarateMetabolite16810 (ChEBI)
3-methylbutanalMetabolite16638 (ChEBI)
3-methylbutanolMetabolite15837 (ChEBI)
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoateMetabolite17865 (ChEBI)
ADH4GeneProductS000003225 (SGD)
ADH5GeneProductS000000349 (SGD)
ARO10GeneProductS000002788 (SGD)
BAT1GeneProductS000001251 (SGD)
BAT2GeneProductS000003909 (SGD)
CO2Metabolite16526 (ChEBI)
L-glutamateMetabolite56-86-0 (CAS)
L-leucineMetabolite61-90-5 (CAS)
NAD+Metabolite57540 (ChEBI)
NADHMetabolite57945 (ChEBI)
SFA1GeneProductS000002327 (SGD)
THI3GeneProductS000002238 (SGD)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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