Leucine degradation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://pathvisio.org/GPML/2013a" Name="Leucine degradation" Organism="Saccharomyces cerevisiae"> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-category">Metabolic Process</Comment> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">While Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use most amino acids as their sole nitrogen source, they can only use a few amino acids as a carbon source to support growth (CITS:[Large86][Cooper82]). This is in contrast to most eukaryotes and some fungi, which can metabolize amino acids completely, utilizing them as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen (CITS:[Stryer88][Large 86]). S. cerevisiae degrade the branched-chain amino acids (leucine, iso-leucine, and valine) and the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) via the Ehrlich pathway (CITS:[Sentheshanmuganathan60][10989420]). This pathway is comprised of the following steps: 1) deamination of the amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid; 2) decarboxylation of the resulting alpha-keto acid to the respective aldehyde; and, 3) reduction of the aldehyde to form the corresponding long chain or complex alcohol, known as a fusel alcohol or fusel oil (CITS:[10989420][Large 86]). Fusel alcohols are important flavor and aroma compounds in yeast-fermented food products and beverages (as reported in (CITS:[9546164]). Each of the three steps in branched-chain amino acid degradation can be catalyzed by more than one isozyme; which enzyme is used appears to depend on the amino acid, the carbon source and the stage of growth of the culture (CITS:[12499363]). In leucine degradation, Thi3p is believed to be the major decarboxylase (CITS: [12499363]). 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rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">An investigation of the metabolism of valine to isobutyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">J Biol Chem</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">1998</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Dickinson JR</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Harrison SJ</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Hewlins MJ</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="aea"> <bp:ID 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