ADHD and autism (ASD) pathways (Homo sapiens)

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12218817427202196171171901851641711585, 174IntestineSynaptic CleftstomachBlood VesselMitochondriaNucleusSynapticVesicleSynapticVesicleAdrenal VesicleAdrenal MedullaNeuronal CellcblBAmphetamine Salts (Adderall, Mydayis)CytoskeletalOrganizaitonRegulation of actin cytoskeletoncblFRTKLegendcbLCDisks large homologmethionine synthase interactomeNote: enzymes color coded for readability exogenous cannabinoidCatecholamineSynthesisROSReactive OxygenStressFolateCycleSerotoninSynthesis(5-HT)Kynurenine Pathway (KP)MelatoninSynthesisSynaptophysinSynaptobrevinComplexcytosol (intracellular)MethionineCycleBH4SynthaseOpioid Receptorhydroxylation216Endocannabinoid System (ECS)PLCG1SNPsingle nucleotidepolymorphismKITDAGfumarateAOX1CALM3vitamin B6L-ornithiners701848RHEBDRD4 VNTR exon III-7rTBCD7CARIEGFRPDGFRANMPEAMAPK1ProteinMo-MPTRHOAglycinehydroxocobalaminrs1414334ALPIPRKAA1guanidinoacetateZn2+SESN1SLC?TP53vitamin B12Metabolite2-phenylacetaldehydesarcosineINSRrs4880NGLY1GATMSSRIs(fluoxetine, citalopram,sertraline, paroxetine,escitalopram)creatineSCN2Aphenylethylamine2-phenylethylaminePEAPA1881971971491971197197207, 21033, 95, 167188rs6189166MN2+CNTN6rs113707074, 84, 92, 101, 121...NA AldehydeTHF-polyglutamate3-MT SOSCN1Ars6561333129Imidazole-4-acetate60, 106a 1-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-sn-glycerol61FMN133rs434373ALDH260rs1284353374rs237897NOX4H2O2rs1051312166SCN4BDHMA1-O-(1,2-saturated-alkyl)-sn-glycerol61ADAM1036rs628073q-BH2177, 193HNMTrs799701273, 194GABRA2ACE27angiotensin I27SAMe141rs1487275129PCBD1177HCFC1 (cblX)81, 170, 172PCBD2177L-tryptophan19, 174SLC25A32AANAT43, 96, 174, 179SCN5Ars11178997166MAOAALDHserine114TYNMN-SOCSADPPH4153serotonin174rs10521432137PTS153sepiapterin38rs1923886129MG2+NormetanephrineNMGABRB3rs205620217, 39rs686129THF114rs598968158, 80NOformate114MAOBL-citrulliners195090289rs1465107140FADCBSGABRA3Metanephriners3785143160, 180rs74060123tyraminers207101044, 143GABRA5SLC18A273, 150rs1023159rs165774GLS204SLC46A1CNTN1CPLX1glycine betaineFOLH1161SHMT2taurine5-MTHFMOPGALAdoCblMeCbl(III)alaminOPRM1131deamido-NAD+168CYP2D6L-histidinol106SCN10ACNTNAP4SLC17A6rs1406946129ALDH5A1DHNTP55, 153DAG1L-cysteatemelatonin5, 174rs3622043-MTSULT1A3rs224244642, 173, 195rs229844444, 178GCATglycine114SLC25A12rs35062132rs29349661295-10MeTHF10-formyl-THF114MTRRO2−196DOPL198rs36017138, 201PNPO5, 10-MTHFPG114SCN7AHISN84-aminobutanoateNADSYN1168rs223622589rs237889rs590551137rs12843268112rs1697635873L-tyrosiners59490284MTHFD2LMN-SO4nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2−)113N-METHYL-HISTAMINE7, 126B9rs302740774, 125SLC17A8RFK133dopamineDBHAOC1SIRT35, 174cysteine sulfinateSAH141L-dopaNM Aldehyde rs651646 45rs227063773MHPGMOPEGrs413004773DOPET198rs4818FLAD1Biopterinhistamine7, 106GABRA11′-OXPH4153, 208SCN8ASLC19A1NOS1rs139093812, 35, 73PNMTrs179983618, 73, 137, 163rs632370GABRA4rs6582071129rs227970973AKR1B1153rs6267108BHMT203DHFR55, 153ALDH9A1rs227064173H4gtpGPTrs373389015, 29HDCN-Methylhistamine7, 126imidazole-4-acetaldehyde7, 60rs165599GABRB1QPRT168FAAH2rs5906883 74, 125SOD25, 174rs737865rs1801198129rs665180613, 18, 137CNTNAP290rs590551218SCN2BSCN9Aq-H2BPT61, 116GABRG1SLC6A473NAS174L-alanine5-MTFe2+rs17469623GABRG2ADGRL3GPCRsrs2268491rs1667627rs7632287glycerolO2L-histidine106DOPAC132, 198rs265981GABRQfatty aldehydes62DHPGAlpha-dystroglycan50hemiacetals62SCN3BNOX1CNTN2TDCCNTNAP1GABRB2alkylglycerols62Xanthurenic acid19rs1051266SLC6A211GCH155, 153rs59444573rs28386840135, 1562-oxoglutarateMet141rs468023, 108rs229281317, 39rs381303473rs197927712, 44, 124, 162CBCollybistin50, 206SLC52A2165FOLR1noladin ether82, 105, 116, 212rs208810223MTHFD2SLC6A3STXBP1rs3746544166QDPR177TAAR177, 157rs3785157156TYMS20SCN1Brs5569195NOX3DNMT1TCN2CNTN5rs77986773, 152rs53576acetateSLC52A1165rs180508773, 162AGTR1rs4633NOS3SCN4AMOCOSPAHGABRDrs6269DHFAGMO61, 116MoCoL-glutamine184, 204rs151257822rs237902rs429173ASMT43, 174(4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy - BH4193rs251915187Derived From WP4159GABA receptor signaling5-HialDDCmoco sulfide rs6746030100, 108HVAL132SOD1130NCAM190RIT248TPH2193glycerol 3-phosphateMTR141SLC52A3165Derived From WP4271Vitamin B12 disordersrs4570625Pharmacological Intervention(drug)Angiotensinogen27CNTN4MTHFRrs631873hypotaurineNMNAT1168DOPGALSCN11ASLC25A13ALDH1L1rs237887B2133, 141, 165rs453273SCN3Ars1352250129rs4570625166GPHN50, 206OH-NOX5rs3027400140rs2129575124CDO1SLC17A7KYAT3ALDH1L2GKSYPFMO1REN27rs271010273CTH6R-BH461adrenalineAKRAHCYCNTN3arachidonic acidcystathionineDOPEGSPR55, 1535-hydroxy-L-tryptophan174CNTNAP3rs779474573rs1799971108, 117, 131L-arginine197TPH1193GLUL3rs2254298ADHL-cysteiners444690958L-phenylalanine2′-OXPH4153, 208homocysteine141MAT1AMAT2BBH4193BH27,8-dihydrofolate193AKR1A1AKR1C3153CBR1153AKR1C1B95, 10-MTHFPG114SHMT110-formyl-THF114MTHFD1MTHFD1LTHF114NADPrs876657421109NOS2NADPNADPHONOO-serotoninDopamineReceptorsDRD3DRD5DRD4DRD2DRD1HTR4HTR5bHTR6HTR1D215HTR1EHTR7HTR2AHTR1FHTR5aHTR2BHTR1A215HTR1B215HTR2CADRA2CADRA1AADRB3aADRA1BADRA2AADRB1ADRA2BADRA1DADRB2AdrenergicReceptorsserotoninnorepinephrinedopaminers180113173, 136rs180113373, 136rs4846049136rs3819331rs2518352rs121913223rs70991108norepinephriners16777156dopamineserotonindopamineVMAHVA132, 198COMT1985-HIAAnorepinephrineadrenalineClonidine28Guanfacine28Prazosin22L-glutamateL-AspL-Asprs90867039Ca2+SNAP25VAMP2SYT1STX1ACa2+GlutReceptAMPAAMPARPSDGlutamatereceptorionotropicNMDANMDARMetabotropicglutamatereceptormGluGRM8KCNA2KCNA1DLG3GRM6GRM5GRM3KCNA3GRIN2CDLG5DLGAP550GRM4GRIN2BDLGAP350GRIA149GRIN1GRM2GRIN2ADLGAP450KCNA4KCNA5DLG2KCNA6GRIA2GRM7DLGAP250OXTR90MC4R90SHANK1185GRIA449F-actin171NLGN150S-SCAM171NRXN250GRIN3BABL1171HOMER2171CTNNB1GRIN3ASHANK171DLG4171SAPAP171NLGN250DLGAP150KCNA7HOMER171CBL171SRBS2159Cortactin171GRIN2DNLGN4X50, 69NRXN350APP171SHANK390, 186GRIA3GRIP2HOMER3171DLG1NRXN150NLGN325, 50, 69, 90, 128PTK2B171P171HOMER1171SHANK2111, 185GRM1GRIP1CACNG2171PSD9550, 52, 53, 205CTTN171F-actin171SAPAP171SHANK171Cortactin171F-actin171F-actin171SHANK171SAPAP171Cortactin171PSD9550, 52, 53, 205ABL2171SHANK171SAPAP171HOMER171PSD9550, 52, 53, 205GKAP1171P171P171S-SCAM50, 171Beta-dystroglycan50Potassium(k)channelPresynapticGABReceptors5-MTHFFOLR2HTR3AHTR3BHTR3CHTR3DHTR3Ers1543334110CACNG6CACNG7CACNG3CACNG4CACNG8CACNG5CACNG1GNAQ21PLCB21oxytocinOXTCACNA1C21angiotensin II27SOD2130SOD3130NADPHB95-MTHF5-10MeTHFrs6198166rs62961663131313131, 414141414131, 41414131, 41414131, 414131Glucocorticoid stimuliPro-inflammatorycytokines3-Hydroxykynurenine19, 86Kynurenic Acid19Picolinic Acid86IFNGKYNU3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid19, 86, 113KAT1Quinolinic AcidQUIN19, 113, 168, 196Anthranilic Acid19, 86Kynurenine19, 86, 113NAD+168INFAKMOIDO1IDO2T23OKAT3AADATAATMTNFAQUINNitric Oxide (NO) SynthaseadrenalineNorepinephrineNAAdrenaline Synaptic VesicleadrenalineNeurotransmitter Catabolism (Breakdown)GABA Synaptic vesiclegamma-hydroxybutyrate L-glutamate184, 204GABAGABBR1SLC32A1succinate citrate cycleGAD2succinic semialdehydeALDH9A1ABATGAD1GABASLC6A1GABAGLS22042A-3OBUL-threonineFMO3HistamineSynthase &CatabolismCysteine Synthase &CatabolismFADB2133, 141, 165PLPPLPPLPFMN133Lysosome5783ABCD4170, 199Succinyl-CoAMMUTCD320R-cob(III)alamin19999cob(I)alamincbLAMMAAMethylmalonyl-CoALMBRD1170MMACHC170, 199FMNMMABPLPPLPPLPPLPPLPPLPMMADHC170, 199MMADHC170, 199CYP3A4CYP2C19120endogenous cannabinoidsPKACBD catabolismNeuronal cell of CNS(hyppocampus, cerebellum or basal ganglia)ADCY1CNR132, 105CYP2C911-OH-THCMAPK PhosphatidylethanolamineDAGLBcAMP NAPEPLD209ADCY726NAPEDAGLA209Arachidonic acidTHC1''-hydroxycannabidiol1202-AG154FAAH209L-glutamate123ADORA2A68CNR2Ca2+ATPAEAAnti-inflammatory pathwaysCOOH-THC66CBD752''-hydroxycannabidiol 1203''-hydroxycannabidiol 1204''-hydroxycannabidiol 1205''-hydroxycannabidiol 1206a-hydroxycannabidiol 1206b-hydroxycannabidiol 1207-hydroxycannabidiol 120endogeneous cannabinoid synthesisPRKACBPRKACAPRKAR1APRKAR2BPRKAR1BPRKACGPRKAR2ACa2+CBDKUVAN(BH4 Supplement) 22Derived From WP3869Cannabinoid receptor signalingCatabolism(Vitamin B12)pathwayPLPPLPGlutamate Synaptic VesicleL-glutamate204adrenalineAmphetamineViloxazine(Qelbree)144rs255093673rs13189021Ketamine 129AEA54, 147SNRIs(Desvenlafaxine, Duloxetine,Levomilnacipran, MilnacipranVenlafaxine)85NRIs(Atomoxetine /Strattera,Reboxetine /Edronax & Vestra)Methylphenidate(Ritalin)2-AG22, 189PLP154SAMeSAH141141SAMe141SAHNDRIBupropion (Wellbutrin)14122, 189SAMeSAH141141SAMe141SAH141RisperidoneSerotoninReceptors22rs916455176rs1800955192CalciumchannelsPIK3AP1TSC1207AKT1207, 210207, 210PTENPIP29, 119, 145, 207207, 210PIP3207, 210AKT2207, 210AKT3TSC2207, 210188, 207, 210PIK3R2 PIK3CB PIK3CA PIK3R1 PIK3CDPIK3R3PDGFRBPRKCD PRKCZ PRKCA 71PRKCB PLCG2PRKCG mTORC1 complexMLST8mTORC2 complexAKT1S1RPTORDEPTORMTORMLST8MAPKAP1RICTORMTORMAPK3SAMeSAH141141cob(II)alaminMMACHC170, 199FADBH4193FADFADFMNBH4133193FADFMN133BH4193FADFMN1335-MTHF4730MECP2PRKAA2169, 191214BPAN Disease871274494168794PIK3C3ATG10WIPI2ATG7ATG14ATG13RB1CC1AMPKULK1ATG16L1ATG12BECN1LC3ATG2ALKB1ATG7PIK3R4ATG5ATG12WIPI1ATG4WDR45PtdIns3PATG101ATG3ATG12ATG12ATG5LC3LC3LC3ACACAacetyl-CoAmalonyl-CoASESN2188MAO InhibitorsMAOIsCOMT InhibitorsDerived From WP44577Neurodegeneration w/ Fers2735343rs112025902149149MMACHC170, 199FADcbLCcob(II)alamin199cob(II)alamin199MMACHC170, 199FADcblD-1MMADHC170, 199cob(II)alamin199MMACHCcblD-2170, 199FMN133MMADHCcob(II)alamin170, 199199MMACHC170, 199cblD-2FMN133MMAAepithelial cells8383TCN2TCN1CUBN91CblcobalaminsTCN1Cbl91CblCBLIFCBLIFCblCBLIFAMNCblTCN29183CBLIFTCN191B2B2133, 141, 165Cbl133, 141, 165Cbl91Intercellular91IntestinePLPPMP183PNP6464PNG64PLPMPN64Zn2+Mg2+Ca2+PLPMPNPL64PMPN64hepatic portal circulationPDXKPLP183PMPPNP6464PLPSLC?183PLP183ALPLZn2+Mg2+Ca2+PLPLPPMP183PL64PLP183MMACHC57rs1801394170, 199182rs1532268rs1672717129rs3782025129GNMTglycine11434ATPXMPSAICARPAICA-ribosideAPRTAMPXanthosine2'-DeoxyadenosineInosineGDPATICSAICA-ribosideADAdGDPSuccinyladenosinedATPAICARP2,8-DihydroxyadeninedADPAdenosinedAMPITPADSSHypoxanthineGuanosineADSLIMPDH1HPRT1S-AMPXanthineADPDGUOKGTPdGTPAMPD1UrateITPAAdenineGuanineRRdGMPFAICARP2-DeoxyguanosineGMP2'-deoxyinosineIMPPNPHPRT1XOSLC25A39SLC25A406464serineglycine114Propranolol11414, 59rs602618rs18005447979, 166Nadolol103SLC18A173, 150Dextroamphetamine


Description

Pathways associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neurodivergent conditions linked in studies to these pathways include ADHD, autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, dyscalculia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sensory processing disorders, and Tourette syndrome. This aims to be a highly detailed, comprehensive map of the metabolic pathways associated with these disorders, from indicated input vitamins through synthesis to signaling across the synaptic gap, re-uptake, and catabolism receptors. This pathway is constructed with computational analysis and machine learning in mind. In cases where there is a trade-off between readability and parametric accuracy, parametric accuracy is prioritized. This pathway is inspired by Kimberly Kitzerow and her meta-analysis research on the biomechanisms and pathways behind invisible illnesses.

https://kimberly102347.com/the-chart/

Pathways included in this map: One-Carbon (1C), Metabolism Folate Cycle, Methionine Cycle, Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Pathway, Neurotransmitter Synthesis, Reuptake, and Breakdown, Kynurenine Pathway (KP), Endocannabinoid System (ECS), Neuroreceptor Dynamics in the Synaptic Cleft,

ROS Reactive Oxygen Stress.

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History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
134491view05:19, 22 July 2024EgonwImproved the semantics of the references
134489view04:58, 22 July 2024EgonwRemoved template comments
134394view19:39, 21 July 2024EweitzRemove template comments
130790view09:07, 30 May 2024DeSlAll pathway models in WikiPathways are CC0, other licences are not valid.
129619view16:06, 19 May 2024Alexmadsen1
129618view15:55, 19 May 2024Alexmadsen1split Adderall into Dextroamphetamine
129599view17:29, 17 May 2024Alexmadsen1add beta blockers and connect adrenaline
129450view23:43, 22 April 2024EweitzModified title
128702view21:57, 20 February 2024EgonwFixed two datasources
128690view20:04, 19 February 2024EgonwRemoved redundant RHEA: prefix in two interaction identifiers
128491view01:18, 7 February 2024Alexmadsen1update
128483view04:10, 6 February 2024Alexmadsen1add Purine Synthesis cycle and connection and I connected in ADSL that is #22 on ASD/ADHD list.
128459view19:53, 4 February 2024Alexmadsen1updat PNMT SAD
128458view19:48, 4 February 2024Alexmadsen1add SNP
128312view19:35, 31 January 2024Khanspersupdate with latest changes from Alex Madsen
128112view19:42, 26 January 2024KhanspersReverted to version '19:33, 26 January 2024' by Khanspers
128111view19:39, 26 January 2024KhanspersLatest edits from Alex Madsen
128110view19:33, 26 January 2024KhanspersReverted to version '02:04, 6 January 2024' by Khanspers
128109view19:29, 26 January 2024KhanspersIncorporating latest changes from Alex Madsen
127881view02:04, 6 January 2024EweitzModified description
127879view23:55, 5 January 2024Alexmadsen1uodate TSC1/2 <-->AMPK <-> NOS
127878view23:13, 5 January 2024Alexmadsen1add GPT The linkage between AMPK, NOS, MECP2, PTEN, PRKCB, mTORC1, mTORC2, and their relationship to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a complex network of interactions critical for neuronal function and development.
127877view03:54, 5 January 2024Alexmadsen1added linkage between NOS and 5-MTH per https://doi.org/10.1159/000142363
127876view02:56, 5 January 2024Alexmadsen1added refrences for Cbl / b12 pathway and added methionine synthase interactome
127875view04:15, 4 January 2024Alexmadsen1final check in
127874view03:26, 4 January 2024Alexmadsen1add glycine > guanidinoacetate > creatine and several DOI refrences
127873view01:42, 4 January 2024Alexmadsen1
127869view03:20, 3 January 2024Alexmadsen1general cleanup
127868view03:16, 3 January 2024Alexmadsen1add mTORC1 and mTORC 2 complex and MAPK3 MAPK1
127867view01:01, 3 January 2024Alexmadsen1add PI3K/Akt/mTOR intracellular signaling pathway
127855view03:24, 2 January 2024Alexmadsen1reorganise gudimate recptors
127854view01:19, 2 January 2024Alexmadsen1
127850view18:45, 31 December 2023Alexmadsen1added DRD4 SNP and RD4 VNTR exon III-7 repeat (7R), rs916455, rs1800955
127849view02:16, 30 December 2023Alexmadsen1cleanup
127848view21:43, 28 December 2023Alexmadsen1removed incorrect linkage between DHF to THF and BH2 to BH4
127733view04:05, 30 November 2023Alexmadsen1add Risperidone
127724view04:16, 29 November 2023Alexmadsen1add SAMe to COMT Neurotransmitter Catabolism (Breakdown). Linked COMT SNP to PNMT.
127718view04:44, 28 November 2023Alexmadsen1add NDRI Bupropion (Wellbutrin), fix Guanfacine and Clonidine and other cleanup
127682view23:20, 21 November 2023EweitzModified description
127680view23:14, 21 November 2023EweitzModified title
127675view22:42, 19 November 2023Alexmadsen1clanup
127674view22:24, 19 November 2023Alexmadsen1general cleanup
127672view17:10, 18 November 2023Alexmadsen1add SAME to NA to NM with COMT
127671view05:38, 18 November 2023Alexmadsen1add SAM to SAH conversion for PNMT when convering Norepinephran to Epinephran
127665view02:51, 16 November 2023Alexmadsen1fix floating connections
127664view02:47, 16 November 2023Alexmadsen1add PEA,NMPEA,2-phenylacetaldehyde
127638view14:02, 11 November 2023EgonwFixed more reference identifiers
127637view13:33, 11 November 2023EgonwFixed a few references (removed a few duplicates) and added a missing slash is a DOI
127597view02:09, 3 November 2023Alexmadsen1clean up methods of action in synaptic gap
127596view01:46, 3 November 2023Alexmadsen1

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
(4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy - BH4MetaboliteCHEBI:15642 (ChEBI)
1''-hydroxycannabidiolMetaboliteCHEBI:133056 (ChEBI)
1-O-(1,2-saturated-alkyl)-sn-glycerolMetaboliteCHEBI:83957 (ChEBI)
10-formyl-THFMetaboliteCHEBI:15637 (ChEBI)
11-OH-THCMetaboliteHMDB0060906 (HMDB)
1′-OXPH4MetaboliteHMDB0013642 (HMDB) 1'-oxo-2'-hydroxypropyl-tetrahydropterin
2''-hydroxycannabidiol MetaboliteCHEBI:133058 (ChEBI)
2'-DeoxyadenosineMetaboliteCHEBI:17256 (ChEBI)
2'-deoxyinosineMetaboliteCHEBI:28997 (ChEBI)
2,8-DihydroxyadenineMetaboliteQ4596812 (Wikidata)
2-AGMetaboliteCHEBI:52392 (ChEBI) 2-arachidonoylglycerol
2-DeoxyguanosineMetaboliteCHEBI:17172 (ChEBI)
2-oxoglutarateMetaboliteCHEBI:16810 (ChEBI)
2-phenylacetaldehydeMetaboliteCHEBI:16424 (ChEBI)
2A-3OBUMetaboliteCHEBI:78948 (ChEBI)
2′-OXPH4MetaboliteCHEBI:17248 (ChEBI) 1'-hydroxy-2'-oxopropyl-tetrahydropterin (2'-OXPH4)
3''-hydroxycannabidiol MetaboliteCHEBI:133059 (ChEBI)
3-Hydroxyanthranilic AcidMetaboliteCHEBI:15793 (ChEBI)
3-HydroxykynurenineMetaboliteCHEBI:1547 (ChEBI)
3-MT SOMetaboliteCHEBI:133708 (ChEBI)
3-MTMetaboliteCHEBI:1582 (ChEBI)
4''-hydroxycannabidiol MetaboliteCHEBI:133055 (ChEBI)
4-aminobutanoateMetaboliteCHEBI:30566 (ChEBI)
5''-hydroxycannabidiol MetaboliteCHEBI:133062 (ChEBI)
5, 10-MTHFPGMetaboliteCHEBI:60976 (ChEBI)
5-10MeTHFMetaboliteCHEBI:20502 (ChEBI)
5-HIAAMetaboliteCHEBI:27823 (ChEBI) AKA 5-HIAA
5-HialMetaboliteCHEBI:50157 (ChEBI)
5-MTMetaboliteCHEBI:2089 (ChEBI)
5-MTHFMetaboliteCHEBI:15641 (ChEBI)
5-hydroxy-L-tryptophanMetaboliteCHEBI:58266 (ChEBI)
6R-BH4MetaboliteCHEBI:59560 (ChEBI)
6a-hydroxycannabidiol MetaboliteCHEBI:133049 (ChEBI)
6b-hydroxycannabidiol MetaboliteCHEBI:133052 (ChEBI)
7-hydroxycannabidiol MetaboliteCHEBI:133053 (ChEBI)
AADATProteinQ8N5Z0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AANATProteinQ16613 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AATMProteinP00505 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ABATProteinP80404 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase
ABCD4ProteinO14678 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) cblJ
ABL1ProteinP00519 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ABL2ProteinP42684 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACACAGeneProductENSG00000278540 (Ensembl)
ACEGeneProductP12821 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAM10ProteinO14672 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAProteinP00813 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) aka Adenosine deaminase
ADCY1GeneProductCHEBI:58165 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY7GeneProductADCY7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADGRL3 GPCRsProteinQ9HAR2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADHProteinEC 1.1.1.1 (KEGG Genes)
ADORA2AGeneProductP29274 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:456216 (ChEBI)
ADRA1AProteinP35348 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRA1BGeneProductP35368 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRA1DGeneProductP25100 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRA2AGeneProduct266750 (Entrez Gene)
ADRA2BGeneProduct266751 (Entrez Gene)
ADRA2CGeneProduct266752 (Entrez Gene)
ADRB1GeneProduct557194 (Entrez Gene)
ADRB2GeneProductP07550 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRB3aGeneProduct558248 (Entrez Gene)
ADSLProteinP30566 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADSSProteinP30520 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2
AEAMetaboliteCHEBI:2700 (ChEBI) anandamide
AGMOProteinQ6ZNB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AGTR1ProteinP30556 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AHCYProteinP23526 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AICA-ribosideMetaboliteCHEBI:28498 (ChEBI)
AICARPMetaboliteCHEBI:58475 (ChEBI)
AKRProtein
AKR1A1ProteinP14550 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AKR1B1ProteinP15121 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AKR1C1ProteinQ04828 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AKR1C3ProteinP42330 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AKT1GeneProductP31749 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AKT1S1GeneProductENSG00000204673 (Ensembl)
AKT2GeneProductP31751 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AKT3GeneProductQ9Y243 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALDHProtein
ALDH1L1ProteinO75891 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALDH1L2ProteinQ3SY69 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALDH2ProteinP05091 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALDH5A1ProteinCHEBI:57706 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALDH9A1ProteinP49189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
ALPIProteinP09923 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase
ALPLProteinP05186 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AMNProteinQ9BXJ7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) aka amnionless
AMPMetaboliteCHEBI:456215 (ChEBI)
AMPD1ProteinP23109 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AMPKGeneProductENSG00000132356 (Ensembl)
AOC1GeneProductP19801 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AOX1ProteinQ06278 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Aldehyde oxidase
APPProteinP05067 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
APRTProteinP07741 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ASMTProteinP46597 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATG101GeneProductENSG00000123395 (Ensembl)
ATG10GeneProductENSG00000152348 (Ensembl)
ATG12GeneProductENSG00000145782 (Ensembl)
ATG13GeneProductENSG00000175224 (Ensembl)
ATG14GeneProductENSG00000126775 (Ensembl)
ATG16L1GeneProductENSG00000085978 (Ensembl)
ATG2AGeneProductENSG00000110046 (Ensembl)
ATG3GeneProductENSG00000144848 (Ensembl)
ATG4GeneProductENSG00000101844 (Ensembl)
ATG5GeneProductENSG00000057663 (Ensembl)
ATG7GeneProductENSG00000197548 (Ensembl)
ATICProteinP31939 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:30616 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteHMDB0000538 (HMDB)
AdenineMetaboliteCHEBI:16708 (ChEBI)
AdenosineMetaboliteCHEBI:16335 (ChEBI)
AdoCblMetaboliteCHEBI:18408 (ChEBI)
Alpha-dystroglycanProtein
AmphetamineMetaboliteDB00182 (DrugBank)
AngiotensinogenMetaboliteCHEBI:2720 (ChEBI)
Anthranilic AcidMetaboliteCHEBI:16567 (ChEBI)
Anti-inflammatory pathwaysPathway
Arachidonic acidMetaboliteHMDB0001043 (HMDB)
B2MetaboliteCHEBI:17015 (ChEBI)
B9MetaboliteCHEBI:27470 (ChEBI)
BECN1GeneProductENSG00000126581 (Ensembl)
BH2 7,8-dihydrofolateMetaboliteCHEBI:64240 (ChEBI)
BH4MetaboliteCHEBI:15372 (ChEBI)
BHMTProteinQ93088 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Beta-dystroglycanProtein
BiopterinMetaboliteCHEBI:15373 (ChEBI)
CACNA1CProteinQ13936 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG1ProteinQ06432 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG2ProteinQ9Y698 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG3ProteinO60359 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG4ProteinQ9UBN1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG5ProteinQ9UF02 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG6ProteinQ9BXT2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG7ProteinP62955 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CACNG8ProteinQ8WXS5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALM3GeneProductP0DP23 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CARIMetaboliteCHEBI:77657 (ChEBI)
CB CollybistinProtein
CBDMetaboliteCHEBI:69478 (ChEBI)
CBLIFProteinP27352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
  • aka (gastric) intrinsic factor, transcobalamin III
  • Located in gastric parietal cells
CBLProteinP22681 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CBR1ProteinP16152 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CBSProteinP35520 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CD320ProteinQ9NPF0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Aka CD320 receptor
CDO1GeneProductQ16878 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNR1GeneProductP21554 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) CB1
CNR2GeneProductP34972 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) CB2
CNTN1GeneProductQ9UQ52 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTN2GeneProductO94779 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTN3GeneProductQ8IWV2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTN4GeneProductQ9P232 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTN5GeneProductQ02246 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTN6GeneProductQ12860 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTNAP1GeneProductP78357 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTNAP2GeneProductQ9UHC6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTNAP3GeneProductQ9BZ76 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTNAP4GeneProductQ9C0A0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COMT InhibitorsMetabolite
COMTProteinP21964 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) AKA Catechol-O- metyltransferase
COOH-THCMetaboliteCHEBI:77273 (ChEBI)
CPLX1ProteinO14810 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CSADProteinQ9Y600 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CTHProteinP32929 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CTNNB1GeneProductENSG00000168036 (Ensembl)
CTTNProteinQ14247 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CUBNProteinO60494 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) aka cubilin
CYP2C19GeneProductENSG00000165841 (Ensembl)
CYP2C9GeneProductENSG00000138109 (Ensembl)
CYP2D6ProteinP10635 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CYP3A4GeneProductENSG00000160868 (Ensembl)
Ca2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29108 (ChEBI)
CblMetaboliteCHEBI:23334 (ChEBI)
ClonidineMetaboliteCHEBI:46631 (ChEBI)
CortactinGeneProductENSG00000085733 (Ensembl)
DAG1GeneProductQ14118 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DAGMetaboliteC00165 (KEGG Drug)
DAGLAGeneProductENSG00000134780 (Ensembl)
DAGLBGeneProductENSG00000164535 (Ensembl)
DBHProteinP09172 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DDCProteinP20711 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DEPTORGeneProductENSG00000155792 (Ensembl)
DGUOKProteinQ16854 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DHFMetaboliteCHEBI:23743 (ChEBI)
DHFRProteinP00374 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DHMAMetaboliteCHEBI:27637 (ChEBI)
DHNTPMetaboliteCHEBI:18372 (ChEBI)
DHPGMetaboliteCHEBI:1387 (ChEBI)
DLG1ProteinQ12959 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLG2ProteinQ15700 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLG3ProteinQ92796 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLG4ProteinP78352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLG5ProteinQ8TDM6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLGAP1GeneProductO14490 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLGAP2GeneProductQ9P1A6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLGAP3GeneProductO95886 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLGAP4GeneProductQ9Y2H0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DLGAP5GeneProductQ15398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DNMT1ProteinP26358 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DOPACMetaboliteCHEBI:41941 (ChEBI)
DOPEGMetaboliteCHEBI:1387 (ChEBI)
DOPETMetaboliteCHEBI:68889 (ChEBI)
DOPGAL MetaboliteCHEBI:180943 (ChEBI)
DOPLMetaboliteCHEBI:27978 (ChEBI)
DRD1GeneProduct568126 (Entrez Gene)
DRD2GeneProductP14416 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DRD3GeneProduct282554 (Entrez Gene)
DRD4 VNTR exon III-7rRna
DRD4GeneProductP21917 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DRD5ProteinP21918 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Derived From WP3869 Cannabinoid receptor signalingPathwayWP3869 (WikiPathways)
Derived From WP4159 GABA receptor signalingPathwayWP4159 (WikiPathways)
Derived From WP4271 Vitamin B12 disordersPathwayWP4271 (WikiPathways)
Derived From WP44577 Neurodegeneration w/ FePathwayWP44577 (WikiPathways)
DextroamphetamineMetaboliteDB01576 (DrugBank)
EGFRProteinP00533 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
F-actinGeneProduct
FAAH2GeneProductQ6GMR7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FAAHGeneProductENSG00000117480 (Ensembl)
FADMetaboliteCHEBI:57692 (ChEBI) cofactor
FAICARPMetaboliteCHEBI:58467 (ChEBI)
FLAD1MetaboliteQ8NFF5 (ChEBI)
FMNMetabolitecHEBI:58210 (ChEBI)
FMO1GeneProductQ01740 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FMO3GeneProductQ01740 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FOLH1GeneProductQ04609 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FOLR1ProteinP15328 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FOLR2ProteinP14207 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Fe2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29033 (ChEBI)
GABAMetaboliteCHEBI:59888 (ChEBI)
GABBR1ProteinQ9UBS5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRA1ProteinP14867 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRA2ProteinP47869 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRA3ProteinP34903 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRA4ProteinP48169 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRA5ProteinP31644 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRB1ProteinP18505 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRB2ProteinP47870 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRB3ProteinP28472 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRDProteinO14764 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRG1ProteinQ8N1C3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRG2ProteinP18507 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GABRQProteinQ9UN88 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GAD1GeneProductQ99259 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GAD2GeneProductQ05329 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GATMGeneProductP50440 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GCATGeneProductO75600 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GCH1ProteinP30793 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GDPMetaboliteCHEBI:58189 (ChEBI)
GKAP1GeneProductQ5VSY0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GKProteinP32189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLS2ProteinQ9UI32 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLSProteinO94925 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLULGeneProductP15104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GMPMetaboliteCHEBI:58115 (ChEBI)
GNAQProteinP50148 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNMTProteinQ14749 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPHNProteinQ9NQX3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIA1ProteinP42261 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIA2ProteinP42262 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIA3ProteinP42263 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIA4ProteinP48058 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIN1ProteinQ05586 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIN2AProteinQ12879 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIN2BProteinQ13224 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIN2CProteinQ14957 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIN2DProteinO15399 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIN3AProteinQ8TCU5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIN3BProteinO60391 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIP1ProteinQ9Y3R0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRIP2ProteinQ9C0E4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM1ProteinQ13255 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM2ProteinQ14416 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM3ProteinQ14832 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM4ProteinQ14833 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM5ProteinP41594 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM6ProteinO15303 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM7ProteinQ14831 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRM8ProteinO00222 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTPMetaboliteCHEBI:37565 (ChEBI)
GuanfacineMetaboliteHMDB15153 (HMDB)
GuanineMetaboliteCHEBI:16235 (ChEBI)
GuanosineMetaboliteCHEBI:16750 (ChEBI)
H2O2Metabolite16240 (ChEBI)
H4gtp GPTMetaboliteCHEBI: (ChEBI)
HCFC1 (cblX)GeneProductP51610 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HDCGeneProductP19113 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HISN8ProteinQ9C5U8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HNMTGeneProductP50135 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HOMERGeneProduct
HOMER1ProteinQ86YM7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HOMER2ProteinQ9NSB8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HOMER3ProteinQ9NSC5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HPRT1ProteinP00492 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR1AProtein100001828 (Entrez Gene)
HTR1BProtein561647 (Entrez Gene)
HTR1DProteinP28221 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR1EProteinP28566 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR1FProteinP30939 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR2AProteinP28223 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR2BProteinP41595 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR2CProtein
HTR3AProteinP40227 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR3BProteinO95264 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR3CProteinQ8WXA8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR3DProteinQ70Z44 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR3EProteinA5X5Y0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR4ProteinQ13639 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR5aProtein100038775 (Entrez Gene)
HTR5bProtein
HTR6ProteinP50406 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR7ProteinP34969 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HVAMetaboliteCHEBI:545959 (ChEBI) AKA HVA
HVALMetaboliteCHEBI:173769 (ChEBI) HVAL = Homovanillyl = alcohol(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol
HypoxanthineMetaboliteCHEBI:17368 (ChEBI)
IDO1ProteinP14902 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IDO2ProteinQ6ZQW0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNGProteinP01579 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IMPMetaboliteCHEBI:58053 (ChEBI)
IMPDH1ProteinP20839 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INFAProtein
INSRProteinP06213 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPAProteinQ9BY32 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPMetaboliteCHEBI:61402 (ChEBI) is a nucleoside triphosphate(4−)
Imidazole-4-acetateMetaboliteCHEBI:16974 (ChEBI)
InosineMetaboliteCHEBI:17596 (ChEBI)
KAT1ProteinQ16773 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KAT3ProteinQ6YP21 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KCNA1ProteinQ09470 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KCNA2ProteinP16389 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KCNA3ProteinP22001 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KCNA4ProteinP22459 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KCNA5ProteinP22460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KCNA6ProteinP17658 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KCNA7ProteinQ96RP8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KITProteinP10721 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KMOProteinO15229 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KUVAN (BH4 Supplement) MetaboliteCHEBI:15372 (ChEBI)
KYAT3ProteinQ6YP21 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KYNUProteinQ16719 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ketamine MetaboliteCHEBI:6121 (ChEBI)
Kynurenic AcidMetaboliteCHEBI:58454 (ChEBI)
KynurenineMetaboliteCHEBI:57959 (ChEBI)
L-AspMetaboliteCHEBI:29991 (ChEBI)
L-alanineMetabolite57972 (ChEBI)
L-arginineMetaboliteCHEBI:32682 (ChEBI)
L-citrullineMetaboliteCHEBI:57743 (ChEBI)
L-cysteateMetaboliteCHEBI:58090 (ChEBI)
L-cysteineMetaboliteCHEBI:35235 (ChEBI)
L-dopaMetaboliteCHEBI:57504 (ChEBI)
L-glutamateMetaboliteCHEBI:29985 (ChEBI)
L-glutamineMetaboliteCHEBI:58359 (ChEBI)
L-histidineMetaboliteCHEBI:57595 (ChEBI)
L-histidinolMetaboliteCHEBI:57699 (ChEBI)
L-ornithineMetaboliteCHEBI:46911 (ChEBI)
L-phenylalanineMetaboliteCHEBI:58095 (ChEBI)
L-threonineMetaboliteCHEBI:57926 (ChEBI)
L-tryptophanMetaboliteCHEBI:57912 (ChEBI)
L-tyrosineMetaboliteCHEBI:58315 (ChEBI)
LC3GeneProductENSG00000101460 (Ensembl)
LKB1GeneProductENSG00000118046 (Ensembl)
LMBRD1ProteinQ9NUN5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) cblF
MAO Inhibitors MAOIsMetabolite
MAOAProteinP21397 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MAOBProteinP27338 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MAPK GeneProduct2.7.11.24 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
MAPK1ProteinP28482 (dbSNP)
MAPK3ProteinP27361 (dbSNP)
MAPKAP1GeneProductENSG00000119487 (Ensembl)
MAT1AProteinQ00266 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MAT2BProteinQ9NZL9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC4RProteinP32245 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MECP2GeneProductENSG00000169057 (Ensembl)
  • linkages between MECP2, PTEN, PRKCB, mTORC1, mTORC2, and their relationship to ASD and Rett Syndrome, as well as the connection between Rett Syndrome and ASD at a biological pathway level: MECP2 and mTOR Pathway in Rett Syndrome: MECP2 mutations in Rett Syndrome can disrupt mTOR signaling. This affects neuronal development, synaptic formation, and plasticity, which are crucial for brain function. PTEN and ASD: PTEN is a gene that negatively regulates the mTOR pathway. Mutations in PTEN can lead to hyperactivation of mTOR, contributing to neurodevelopmental issues associated with ASD, including abnormal neuronal growth. PRKCB and mTOR in ASD: PRKCB influences the mTOR pathway. Its dysregulation in ASD can impact neuronal signaling and function, potentially leading to ASD-related neurological abnormalities. mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Both Disorders: Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key roles in neuronal health. In Rett Syndrome and ASD, the imbalance in these complexes' activities can lead to synaptic dysfunctions, altered neuron morphology, and cognitive and behavioral impairments. Common Biological Pathways in Rett Syndrome and ASD: Both disorders exhibit disruptions in the mTOR signaling pathway, affecting brain development and function. This includes impacts on neuron growth, synaptic plasticity, and brain connectivity, which are fundamental in both Rett Syndrome and ASD. In essence, both Rett Syndrome and ASD share a critical commonality in the dysregulation of the mTOR pathway and its impact on brain development and function. The genes MECP2, PTEN, and PRKCB all intersect with the mTOR pathway, influencing the development and severity of these neurodevelopmental disorders.
MG2+MetaboliteCHEBI:18420 (ChEBI)
MHPG MOPEGMetaboliteCHEBI:1576 (ChEBI)
MLST8GeneProductENSG00000167965 (Ensembl)
MMAAProteinQ8IVH4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) cbLA
MMABProtein60488 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) cblB
MMACHCProteinQ9Y4U1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) cbLC
MMADHCProteinQ9H3L0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
  • "cblD protein might be responsible for branching of the cobalamin metabolism pathways to the cytosolic or mitochondrial compartments" Pubmed: 21114891
  • gene is called MMADHC
MMUTProteinP22033 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) aka methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or MCM
MN-SO4MetaboliteHMDB0240719 (HMDB)
MN2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29035 (ChEBI)
MOCOSProteinQ96EN8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MOPGALMetabolite27932 (ChEBI)
MTHFD1LProteinQ6UB35 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MTHFD1ProteinP11586 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MTHFD2LProteinQ9H903 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MTHFD2ProteinP13995 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MTHFRProteinP42898 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MTORGeneProductENSG00000198793 (Ensembl)
  • effect of AKT on MTOR is indirect
  • Part of two multiprotein complexes, TORC 1 and TORC 2
MTRProteinQ99707 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MTRRProteinQ9UBK8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MeCbl(III)alaminMetaboliteCHEBI:28115 (ChEBI)
MetMetaboliteCHEBI:64558 (ChEBI)
MetaboliteMetabolite
MetanephrineMetaboliteCHEBI:89633 (ChEBI)
Methylmalonyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:16625 (ChEBI)
Methylphenidate(Ritalin)MetaboliteHMDB14566 (HMDB)
Mg2+MetaboliteCHEBI:18420 (ChEBI)
Mo-MPTMetaboliteCHEBI:71302 (ChEBI) Mo-molybdopterin
MoCoMetabolite71302 (ChEBI)
N-METHYL-HISTAMINEMetaboliteCHEBI:58600 (ChEBI)
N-MethylhistamineMetaboliteCHEBI:29009 (ChEBI)
NA AldehydeMetabolite
NAD+MetaboliteCHEBI:13389 (ChEBI)
NADPMetaboliteCHEBI:58349 (ChEBI)
NADPHMetaboliteCHEBI:57783 (ChEBI)
NADSYN1ProteinQ6IA69 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NAPEMetaboliteCHEBI:61232 (ChEBI)
NAPEPLDProteinNAPEPLD (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NASMetaboliteCHEBI:17697 (ChEBI)
NCAM1ProteinP13591 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NDRI Bupropion (Wellbutrin)MetaboliteDB01156 (DrugBank)
NGLY1ProteinQ96IV0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) PNG hydrolase, PNGH
NLGN1ProteinQ8N2Q7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NLGN2ProteinQ8NFZ4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NLGN3ProteinQ9NZ94 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NLGN4XProteinQ8N0W4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NM Aldehyde Metabolite
NMN-SOMetaboliteHMDB0240719 (HMDB)
NMNAT1ProteinQ9HAN9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NMPEAMetaboliteCHEMBL45763 (ChEMBL compound)
NOMetabolite16480 (ChEBI)
NOS1ProteinP29475 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NOS2ProteinP35228 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NOS3ProteinP29474 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NOX1ProteinQ9Y5S8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NOX3ProteinQ9HBY0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NOX4ProteinQ9NPH5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NOX5ProteinQ96PH1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NRIs

(Atomoxetine /Strattera,

Reboxetine /Edronax & Vestra)		Metabolite
NRXN1ProteinQ9ULB1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NRXN2ProteinP58401 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NRXN3ProteinQ9HDB5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Nadolol MetaboliteDB01203 (DrugBank)
Norepinephrine NAMetaboliteCHEBI:72587 (ChEBI)
Normetanephrine NMMetaboliteCHEBI:89951 (ChEBI)
O2MetaboliteCHEBI:5379 (ChEBI)
O2−MetaboliteCHEBI:18421 (ChEBI)
OH-MetaboliteCHEBI:16234 (ChEBI)
ONOO-MetaboliteCHEBI:25941 (ChEBI)
OPRM1ProteinP35372 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
OXTProteinP01178 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
OXTRProteinP30559 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
P
PAMetaboliteCHEBI:17405 (ChEBI) 4-pyridoxic acid
PAHProteinP00439 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PCBD1ProteinP61457 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PCBD2ProteinQ9H0N5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PDGFRAProteinP16234 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PDGFRBProteinP09619 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PDXKProteinO00764 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3AP1GeneProductQ6ZUJ8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3C3GeneProductENSG00000078142 (Ensembl)
PIK3CA ProteinP42336 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3CB ProteinP42338 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3CDProteinO00329 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3R1 ProteinP27986 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3R2 ProteinO00459 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3R3ProteinQ92569 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3R4GeneProductENSG00000196455 (Ensembl)
PIP2MetaboliteQ413692 (Wikidata)
PIP3MetaboliteCHEBI:16618 (ChEBI)
PLCBGeneProductP50148 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLCG1GeneProductP19174 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLCG2GeneProductP16885 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLMetaboliteCHEBI:17310 (ChEBI) pyridoxal
PLPMetaboliteCHEBI:597326 (ChEBI) pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
PMMetaboliteCHEBI:57761 (ChEBI) pyridoxamine
PMPMetaboliteCHEBI:18335 (ChEBI) pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate
PNMetaboliteCHEBI:28803 (ChEBI) pyridoxine, vitamin B6
PNGMetaboliteCHEBI:17382 (ChEBI) pyridoxine-5′-β-D-glucoside
PNMTProteinP11086 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PNPMetaboliteCHEBI:28803 (ChEBI) pyridoxine 5′-phosphate
PNPOProteinQ9NVS9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PNPProteinP00491 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPH4MetaboliteCHEBI:17804 (ChEBI)
PRKAA1GeneProductQ13131 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAA2GeneProductP54646 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKACAGeneProductENSG00000072062 (Ensembl)
PRKACBGeneProductENSG00000142875 (Ensembl)
PRKACGGeneProductENSG00000165059 (Ensembl)
PRKAR1AGeneProductENSG00000108946 (Ensembl)
PRKAR1BGeneProductENSG00000188191 (Ensembl)
PRKAR2AGeneProductENSG00000114302 (EMBL)
PRKAR2BGeneProductENSG00000005249 (Ensembl)
PRKCA ProteinP17252 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCB ProteinP05771 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCD ProteinQ05655 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCG ProteinP05129 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCZ ProteinQ05513 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSD95GeneProductP78352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTENGeneProductP60484 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
  • GPT4: The PTEN gene, known for its role in cell growth and survival, has a notable connection with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a potential link to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):

    ASD and PTEN: Mutations in PTEN are associated with an increased risk of ASD. These mutations can lead to macrocephaly (an unusually large head) and disrupt the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, crucial for brain development. This disruption may contribute to ASD development.

    ADHD and PTEN: The link between PTEN and ADHD is less established. While PTEN is involved in neural development, ADHD is primarily associated with neurotransmitter systems. The potential impact of PTEN on ADHD requires more research.

    Overall, PTEN is more clearly linked to ASD through its role in neural pathways, while its connection to ADHD is still under investigation.
  • "We have identified a distinct neuropsychological profile associated with mutations in PTEN suggesting primary disruption of frontal lobe systems21,22. Specifically, individuals with PTEN mutations showed reduced performance on measures of attention, impulsivity, reaction time, processing speed, and motor coordination, consistent with our pilot findings in independent patient cohorts19,20. This pattern of cognitive deficits may be related to neuroanatomical abnormalities. PTEN is a dual-specificity phosphatase that is a major inhibitor of the PI3K-AKT pathway23–25 with downstream effects on mTOR signaling, which helps regulate neural cell growth and proliferation26." doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0588-1
PTK2BProteinQ14289 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTSProteinQ03393 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Pharmacological

Intervention

(drug)
PhosphatidylethanolamineMetaboliteHMDB0060501 (HMDB)
Picolinic AcidMetaboliteCHEBI:28747 (ChEBI)
PrazosinMetaboliteHMDB14600 (HMDB)
PropranololMetaboliteDB00571 (DrugBank)
ProteinProtein
PtdIns3PMetaboliteCHEBI:26034 (ChEBI)
QDPRProteinP09417 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
QPRTProteinQ15274 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
QUINMetaboliteCHEBI:16675 (ChEBI)
Quinolinic Acid QUINMetaboliteCHEBI:16675 (ChEBI)
R-cob(III)alaminMetaboliteCHEBI:140785 (ChEBI)
RB1CC1GeneProductENSG00000023287 (Ensembl)
RENProteinP00797 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RFKProteinQ969G6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RHEBProteinQ15382 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RHOAProteinP61586 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RICTORGeneProductENSG00000164327 (Ensembl)
RIT2ProteinQ99578 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RPTORGeneProductENSG00000141564 (Ensembl)
RRProtein1.17.4.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ribonucleotide reductase
RisperidoneMetaboliteDB00734 (DrugBank)
S-AMPMetaboliteCHEBI:57567 (ChEBI) succinyladenosine monophosphate
S-SCAMGeneProduct
SAHMetaboliteCHEBI:16680 (ChEBI)
SAICA-ribosideMetaboliteCHEBI:18319 (ChEBI)
SAICARPMetaboliteCHEBI:58443 (ChEBI)
SAMe MetaboliteCHEBI:59789 (ChEBI)
SAPAPGeneProduct
SCN10AProteinQ9Y5Y9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN11AProteinQ9UI33 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN1AProteinP35498 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN1BProteinQ07699 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN2AProteinQ99250 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN2BProteinO60939 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN3AProteinQ9NY46 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN3BProteinQ9NY72 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN4AProteinP35499 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN4BProteinQ8IWT1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN5AProteinQ14524 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN7AProteinQ01118 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN8AProteinQ9UQD0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCN9AProteinQ15858 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SESN1GeneProductQ9Y6P5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SESN2GeneProductP58004 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SHANKGeneProduct
SHANK1ProteinQ9Y566 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SHANK2ProteinQ9UPX8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SHANK3ProteinQ9BYB0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SHMT1ProteinP34896 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SHMT2ProteinP34897 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SIRT3GeneProductQ9NTG7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC17A6GeneProductQ9P2U8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC17A7ProteinQ9P2U8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Multifunctional transporter that transports L-glutamate as well as multiple ions such as chloride, proton, potassium, sodium and phosphate (PubMed:10820226). At the synaptic vesicle membrane, mainly functions as an uniporter which transports preferentially L-glutamate but also phosphate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells (By similarity).
SLC17A8GeneProductQ9P2U8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC18A1ProteinP54219 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) The SLC18A1 gene encodes the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1), which is primarily involved in the transport of specific monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. The types of neurotransmitters that use VMAT1 for vesicular transport include:

Primary Neurotransmitters Transported by VMAT1 Serotonin (5-HT)

Function: Serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and other functions. It plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Transport: VMAT1 loads serotonin into synaptic vesicles in serotonergic neurons. Histamine

Function: Histamine is involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, immune responses, and gastric acid secretion. Transport: VMAT1 transports histamine into vesicles primarily in histaminergic neurons. Secondary Neurotransmitters Transported by VMAT1 (to a lesser extent) Dopamine

Function: Dopamine is crucial for reward, motivation, motor control, and several other functions. Dysregulation is associated with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction. Transport: While VMAT1 can transport dopamine, it does so less efficiently compared to VMAT2. Dopaminergic neurons predominantly rely on VMAT2. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

Function: Norepinephrine is involved in attention, arousal, and the fight-or-flight response. Transport: Similar to dopamine, VMAT1 can transport norepinephrine but with lower efficiency compared to VMAT2. Noradrenergic neurons primarily use VMAT2. Summary

VMAT1 (encoded by SLC18A1) primarily transports serotonin and histamine into synaptic vesicles, playing a key role in serotonergic and histaminergic neurotransmission. It also has the capacity to transport dopamine and norepinephrine, although these functions are predominantly handled by VMAT2 (encoded by SLC18A2) in dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons, respectively.
SLC18A2ProteinP23975 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) The SLC18A2 gene encodes the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which is primarily involved in the transport of various monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. The types of neurotransmitters that use VMAT2 for vesicular transport include:

Primary Neurotransmitters Transported by VMAT2 Dopamine

Function: Dopamine is essential for reward, motivation, motor control, and various other brain functions. It plays a critical role in conditions like Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction. Transport: VMAT2 is the primary transporter for loading dopamine into synaptic vesicles in dopaminergic neurons. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

Function: Norepinephrine is involved in attention, arousal, and the fight-or-flight response. Transport: VMAT2 is responsible for transporting norepinephrine into vesicles in noradrenergic neurons. Serotonin (5-HT)

Function: Serotonin regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and other functions. It is crucial in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Transport: VMAT2 also transports serotonin into synaptic vesicles in serotonergic neurons. Histamine

Function: Histamine plays a role in sleep-wake regulation, immune responses, and gastric acid secretion. Transport: VMAT2 transports histamine into vesicles in histaminergic neurons. Additional Role of VMAT2 VMAT2 is known for its broad specificity and efficiency in transporting monoamines into synaptic vesicles across different types of monoaminergic neurons. This makes it a key transporter for various critical neurotransmitters involved in multiple neurophysiological processes.

Summary

VMAT2 (encoded by SLC18A2) is the primary vesicular transporter for several key monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine. It is predominantly used in dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and histaminergic neurons to load these neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles, facilitating their storage and release during synaptic transmission.
SLC19A1ProteinP41440 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC25A12ProteinO75746 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC25A13ProteinQ9UJS0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC25A32ProteinQ9H2D1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC25A39GeneProductQ9BZJ4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC25A40ProteinQ8TBP6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC32A1ProteinQ9H598 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
SLC46A1ProteinQ96NT5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC52A1GeneProductQ9NWF4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC52A2GeneProductQ9HAB3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC52A3GeneProductQ9NQ40 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC6A1GeneProductP30531 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC6A2ProteinP23975 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) The SLC6A2 gene encodes the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which plays a crucial role in the reuptake of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) from the synaptic cleft back into the presynaptic neuron. Here are the key functions and details about SLC6A2 and NET:

Key Functions of NET (SLC6A2) Reuptake of Norepinephrine:

Primary Function: NET is responsible for the high-affinity reuptake of norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic neuron. This process is essential for terminating norepinephrine signaling and regulating its concentration in the synaptic cleft. Mechanism: NET transports norepinephrine along with sodium and chloride ions across the plasma membrane of the presynaptic neuron. Recycling of Norepinephrine:

Recycling: Once inside the presynaptic neuron, norepinephrine can be repackaged into synaptic vesicles by vesicular monoamine transporters (such as VMAT2) for future release. Regulation of Noradrenergic Signaling:

Signal Termination: By removing norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft, NET helps terminate the noradrenergic signal, thereby regulating the duration and intensity of norepinephrine's effects on postsynaptic receptors. Homeostasis: NET helps maintain the homeostasis of norepinephrine levels in the synaptic cleft and prevents overstimulation of noradrenergic receptors. Clinical Relevance Neuropsychiatric Disorders:

Depression and Anxiety: Dysregulation of NET function is implicated in mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Certain antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), target NET to increase norepinephrine levels in the synaptic cleft. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): NET is also a target for medications used to treat ADHD, such as atomoxetine, which increases norepinephrine availability by inhibiting its reuptake. Cardiovascular Regulation:

Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: NET also plays a role in the autonomic nervous system, influencing cardiovascular functions by regulating norepinephrine levels in sympathetic neurons. Expression and Localization Expression Sites: NET is primarily expressed in noradrenergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the locus coeruleus in the brain, which is a major site of norepinephrine production. Peripheral Role: In the peripheral nervous system, NET is found in sympathetic neurons, where it regulates norepinephrine levels involved in the fight-or-flight response. Summary

SLC6A2 encodes the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which is essential for the reuptake and recycling of norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft back into presynaptic neurons. This transporter plays a critical role in terminating noradrenergic signaling, maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis, and regulating various physiological and psychological processes. Dysregulation of NET is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders, and it is a target for various pharmacological treatments.
SLC6A3ProteinQ01959 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, DA transporter, DAT, Solute carrier family 6 member 3. AKA DAT1
SLC6A4ProteinP31645 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC?Protein
SNAP25ProteinP60880 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SNP

single nucleotide

polymorphism		Rna
SNRIs

(Desvenlafaxine, Duloxetine, Levomilnacipran, Milnacipran

Venlafaxine)		Metabolite
SOD1ProteinP00441 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SOD2ProteinP04179 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SOD3ProteinP08294 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SPRProteinP35270 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SRBS2ProteinO94875 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SSRIs

(fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine,

escitalopram)		Metabolite
STX1AProteinQ16623 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STXBP1ProteinP61764 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SULT1A3ProteinP0DMM9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYPProteinP08247 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYT1ProteinP21579 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Succinyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15380 (ChEBI)
SuccinyladenosineMetaboliteCHEBI:71169 (ChEBI)
T23OProteinP48775 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR1ProteinQ96RJ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TBCD7ProteinNon-catalytic component of the TSC-TBC complex, a multiprotein complex that acts as a negative regulator of the canonical mTORC1 complex
TCN1ProteinP20061 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
  • aka haptocorrin or transcobalamin 1
  • Produced in saliva and stomach
TCN2ProteinP20062 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) aka Transcobalamin 2
TDC Protein
THCMetaboliteHMDB0041865 (HMDB)

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive compound found in cannabis plants. Its effects on cannabinoid receptors CNR1 (CB1) and CNR2 (CB2) are well-documented:

CB1 Receptor Interaction:

THC is a partial agonist at the CB1 receptor. When it binds to the CB1 receptor, it activates the receptor to a degree, eliciting a psychoactive response which is often associated with the "high" experienced from cannabis consumption. CB2 Receptor Interaction:

THC is also a partial agonist at the CB2 receptor, although its affinity for the CB2 receptor is less compared to the CB1 receptor. The activation of CB2 receptors by THC is associated with some of the medicinal properties of cannabis, such as its anti-inflammatory effects.

In summary, THC acts as a partial agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors, stimulating these receptors to produce a variety of effects in the body, including psychoactive and potential therapeutic effects. Unlike CBD, THC does not act as an antagonist or inhibitor at these receptors, and its binding and activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors are central to its effects.
THF-polyglutamateMetaboliteCHEBI:28624 (ChEBI)
THFMetaboliteCHEBI:26907 (ChEBI)
TNFAProteinP01375 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TP53ProteinP04637 (dbSNP)
TPH1ProteinP17752 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TPH2ProteinQ8IWU9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TSC1ProteinQ92574 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TSC2ProteinP49815 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TYMSProteinP04818 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TYProteinP07101 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ULK1GeneProductENSG00000177169 (Ensembl)
UrateMetaboliteCHEBI:17775 (ChEBI)
VAMP2ProteinP63027 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VMAMetaboliteCHEBI:27622 (ChEBI)
Viloxazine (Qelbree)MetaboliteCHEBI:94405 (ChEBI)
WDR45GeneProductENSG00000196998 (Ensembl)
WIPI1GeneProductENSG00000070540 (Ensembl)
WIPI2GeneProductENSG00000157954 (Ensembl)
XMPMetaboliteCHEBI:57464 (ChEBI)
XOProteinP47989 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XanthineMetaboliteCHEBI:17712 (ChEBI)
XanthosineMetaboliteCHEBI:18107 (ChEBI)
Xanthurenic acidMetaboliteCHEBI:10072 (ChEBI)
Zn2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29105 (ChEBI)
a 1-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-sn-glycerolMetaboliteCHEBI:73418 (ChEBI)
acetateMetaboliteCHEBI:58251 (ChEBI)
acetyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:57288 (ChEBI)
adrenalineMetaboliteCHEBI:28918 (ChEBI)
alkylglycerolsMetaboliteCHEBI:52575 (ChEBI)
angiotensin IMetaboliteCHEBI:147350 (ChEBI)
angiotensin IIMetaboliteCHEBI:58506 (ChEBI)
arachidonic acidMetaboliteCHEBI:15843 (ChEBI)
cAMP MetaboliteCHEBI:58165 (ChEBI)
cbLA MMAAProteinQ8IVH4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) Gene: MMAA
citrate cyclePathwayWP78 (WikiPathways)
cob(I)alaminMetaboliteCHEBI:15982 (ChEBI)
cob(II)alaminMetaboliteCHEBI:16304 (ChEBI) Should be cob(II)alamin according to literature
cobalamins MetaboliteCHEBI:23334 (ChEBI)
creatineMetaboliteCHEBI:57947 (ChEBI)
cystathionineMetaboliteCHEBI:58161 (ChEBI)
cysteine sulfinateMetaboliteCHEBI:61085 (ChEBI)
dADPMetaboliteCHEBI:57667 (ChEBI)
dAMPMetaboliteCHEBI:58245 (ChEBI)
dATPMetaboliteCHEBI:61404 (ChEBI)
dGDPMetaboliteCHEBI:58595 (ChEBI)
dGMPMetaboliteCHEBI:57673 (ChEBI)
dGTPMetaboliteCHEBI:16497 (ChEBI)
deamido-NAD+MetaboliteCHEBI:58437 (ChEBI)
dopamineMetaboliteCHEBI:59905 (ChEBI)
fatty aldehydesMetaboliteCHEBI:35746 (ChEBI)
formateMetaboliteCHEBI:15740 (ChEBI)
fumarateMetaboliteCHEBI:29806 (ChEBI)
gamma-hydroxybutyrate MetaboliteQ207920 (Wikidata)
glycerol 3-phosphateMetaboliteCHEBI:57597 (ChEBI)
glycerolMetaboliteCHEBI:17754 (ChEBI)
glycine betaineMetaboliteCHEBI:17750 (ChEBI)
glycineMetaboliteCHEBI:57305 (ChEBI)
guanidinoacetateMetaboliteCHEBI:57742 (ChEBI)
hemiacetalsMetaboliteCHEBI:5653 (ChEBI)
histamineMetaboliteCHEBI:58432 (ChEBI)
homocysteineMetaboliteCHEBI:58199 (ChEBI)
hydroxocobalaminMetaboliteCHEBI:27786 (ChEBI)
hypotaurineMetaboliteCHEBI:57853 (ChEBI)
imidazole-4-acetaldehydeMetaboliteCHEBI:27398 (ChEBI)
mTORC1 complexComplexCPX-503 (Complex Portal)
mTORC2 complexComplexCPX-4402 (Complex Portal)
malonyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:57384 (ChEBI)
melatoninMetaboliteCHEBI:16796 (ChEBI)
moco sulfide Metabolite82685 (ChEBI)
nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2−)MetaboliteCHEBI:57502 (ChEBI)
noladin etherMetaboliteCHEBI:75913 (ChEBI)
norepinephrineMetaboliteCHEBI:72587 (ChEBI)
oxytocinMetaboliteCHEBI:7872 (ChEBI)
phenylethylamine

2-phenylethylamine PEA

MetaboliteCHEBI:225237 (ChEBI)
q-BH2MetaboliteCHEBI:43029 (ChEBI)
q-H2BPTMetaboliteCHEBI:43120 (ChEBI)
rs1023159Rnars1023159 (dbSNP)
rs1051266Rnars1051266 (dbSNP)
rs1051312Rnars1051312 (dbSNP)
rs10521432Rnars10521432 (dbSNP)
rs10879352Rnars10879352 (dbSNP)
rs11178997Rnars11178997 (dbSNP)
rs112025902Rnars112025902 (dbSNP)
rs1137070Rnars1137070 (dbSNP)
rs121913223Rnars121913223 (dbSNP)
rs12843268Rnars12843268 (dbSNP)
rs12843533Rnars12843533 (dbSNP)
rs13189021Rna
rs1352250Rnars1352250 (dbSNP)
rs1390938Rnars1390938 (dbSNP)
rs1406946Rnars1406946 (dbSNP)
rs1414334Rnars1414334 (dbSNP)
rs1465107Rnars1465107 (dbSNP)
rs1487275Rnars1487275 (dbSNP)
rs151257822GeneProductrs151257822 (dbSNP)
rs1532268Rnars1532268 (dbSNP)
rs1543334Rnars1543334 (dbSNP)
rs165599Rnars165599 (dbSNP)
rs165774Rnars165774 (dbSNP)
rs1667627Rnars1950902 (dbSNP)
rs1672717Rnars1672717 (dbSNP)
rs167771Rnars167771 (dbSNP)
rs16976358Rnars16976358 (dbSNP)
rs174696Rnars174696 (dbSNP)
rs1799836Rnars1799836 (dbSNP)
rs1799971Rnars1799971 (dbSNP)
rs1800544Rnars1800544 (dbSNP)
rs1800955Rnars1800955 (dbSNP)
rs1801131Rnars1801131 (dbSNP)
rs1801133Rnars1801133 (dbSNP)
rs1801198Rnars1801198 (dbSNP)
rs1801394Rnars1801394 (dbSNP)
rs1805087Rnars1805087 (dbSNP)
rs1923886Rnars1923886 (dbSNP)
rs1950902Rnars1950902 (dbSNP)
rs1979277Rnars1979277 (dbSNP)
rs2056202Rnars2056202 (dbSNP)
rs2071010Rnars2071010 (dbSNP)
rs2088102Rnars2088102 (dbSNP)
rs2129575Rnars2129575 (dbSNP) rs2129575
rs2236225Rnars2236225 (dbSNP)
rs2242446Rnars2242446 (dbSNP)
rs2254298GeneProductrs2254298 (dbSNP)
rs2268491GeneProductrs2268491 (dbSNP)
rs2270637Rnars2270637 (dbSNP)
rs2270641Rnars2270641 (dbSNP)
rs2279709Rnars2279709 (dbSNP)
rs2292813Rnars2292813 (dbSNP)
rs2298444Rnars2298444 (dbSNP)
rs237887GeneProductrs237887 (dbSNP)
rs237889GeneProductrs237889 (dbSNP)
rs237897GeneProductrs237897 (dbSNP)
rs237902GeneProductrs237902 (dbSNP)
rs2518352Rnars2518352 (dbSNP)
rs251915Rnars251915 (dbSNP)
rs2550936Rna
rs265981Rnars265981 (dbSNP)
rs2710102Rnars2710102 (dbSNP)
rs2735343Rnars2735343 (dbSNP)
rs28386840Rnars28386840 (dbSNP)
rs2934966Rnars2934966 (dbSNP)
rs3027400Rnars3027400 (dbSNP)
rs3027407Rnars3027407 (dbSNP)
rs35062132GeneProductrs35062132 (dbSNP)
rs36017Rnars36017 (dbSNP)
rs362204Rnars362204 (dbSNP)
rs3733890Rnars3733890 (dbSNP)
rs3746544Rnars3746544 (dbSNP)
rs3782025Rnars3782025 (dbSNP)
rs3785143Rnars3785143 (dbSNP)
rs3785157Rnars3785157 (dbSNP)
rs3813034Rnars3813034 (dbSNP)
rs3819331Rnars3819331 (dbSNP)
rs4130047Rnars4130047 (dbSNP)
rs4291Rnars4291 (dbSNP)
rs4343Rnars4343 (dbSNP)
rs4446909Rnars4446909 (dbSNP)
rs4532Rnars4532 (dbSNP)
rs4570625Rnars4570625 (dbSNP)
rs4633Rnars4633 (dbSNP)
rs4680Rnars4680 (dbSNP)
rs4818RnaRS4818 (dbSNP)
rs4846049Rnars4846049 (dbSNP)
rs4880Rnars4880 (dbSNP)
rs53576GeneProductrs53576 (dbSNP)
rs5569Rnars5569 (dbSNP)
rs5905512Rnars5905512 (dbSNP)
rs590551Rnars590551 (dbSNP)
rs5906883 Rnars5906883  (dbSNP)
rs594445Rnars594445 (dbSNP)
rs5949028Rnars5949028 (dbSNP)
rs5989681Rnars5989681 (dbSNP)
rs602618Rnars602618 (dbSNP)
rs6189Rnars6189 (dbSNP)
rs6198Rnars6198 (dbSNP)
rs6267RnaRS6267 (dbSNP)
rs6269Rnars6269 (dbSNP)
rs6280Rnars6280 (dbSNP)
rs6296Rnars6296 (dbSNP)
rs6318Rnars6318 (dbSNP)
rs6323Rnars5906883 (dbSNP)
rs651646 Rnars651646  (dbSNP)
rs6561333Rnars6561333 (dbSNP)
rs6582071Rnars6582071 (dbSNP)
rs6651806Rnars6651806 (dbSNP)
rs6746030Rnars6746030 (dbSNP)
rs686Rnars686 (dbSNP)
rs701848Rnars701848 (dbSNP)
rs70991108Rnars70991108 (dbSNP)
rs737865Rnars737865 (dbSNP)
rs740601Rnars740601 (dbSNP)
rs7632287GeneProductrs7632287 (dbSNP)
rs7794745Rnars7794745 (dbSNP)
rs779867Rnars779867 (dbSNP)
rs7997012Rnars7997012 (dbSNP)
rs876657421Rnars876657421 (dbSNP)
rs908670Rnars908670 (dbSNP)
rs916455Rnars916455 (dbSNP)
sarcosineMetaboliteCHEBI:57433 (ChEBI)
sepiapterinMetaboliteCHEBI:16095 (ChEBI)
serineMetaboliteQ82980657 (Wikidata)
serotoninMetaboliteCHEBI:350546 (ChEBI)
succinate MetaboliteQ213050 (Wikidata)
succinic semialdehydeMetaboliteCHEBI:57706 (ChEBI)
taurineMetaboliteCHEBI:507393 (ChEBI)
tyramineMetaboliteCHEBI:327995 (ChEBI)
vitamin B12Metabolite
vitamin B6MetaboliteCHEBI:27306 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
2'-Deoxyadenosine2'-deoxyinosinemim-conversion28191 (Rhea)
2'-DeoxyadenosineAdeninemim-conversion27743 (Rhea)
2'-deoxyinosineHypoxanthinemim-conversion27751 (Rhea)
2-DeoxyguanosineGuaninemim-conversion27739 (Rhea)
2-DeoxyguanosinedGMPmim-conversion19202 (Rhea)
ADPATPmim-conversion30657 (Rhea)
ADPdADPmim-conversion28036 (Rhea)
AICARPFAICARPmim-conversion22193 (Rhea)
AMPADPmim-conversion11462 (Rhea)
AMPAdenosinemim-conversion29376 (Rhea)
AMPIMPmim-conversion14778 (Rhea)
AdenineAMPmim-conversion16611 (Rhea)
AdenosineAdeninemim-conversion18670 (Rhea)
AdenosineInosinemim-conversion24409 (Rhea)
FAICARPIMPmim-conversion18447 (Rhea)
GDPGTPmim-conversion29865 (Rhea)
GDPdGDPmim-conversion28032 (Rhea)
GMPGDPmim-conversion20781 (Rhea)
GMPGuanosinemim-conversion27715 (Rhea)
GuanineXanthinemim-conversion14666 (Rhea)
Guaninemim-conversion25426 (Rhea)
GuanosineGuaninemim-conversion13234 (Rhea)
HypoxanthineXanthinemim-conversion24671 (Rhea)
Hypoxanthinemim-conversion17975 (Rhea)
IMPInosinemim-conversion27719 (Rhea)
IMPS-AMPmim-conversion15754 (Rhea)
IMPXMPmim-conversion11709 (Rhea)
ITPIMPmim-conversion29400 (Rhea)
InosineHypoxanthinemim-conversion16658 (Rhea)
S-AMPAMPmim-conversion16854 (Rhea)
SAICARPAICARPmim-conversion23921 (Rhea)
SAMe SAHmim-conversion13681 (Rhea) a 2'-deoxycytidine in DNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in DNA + H(+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
SAMe SAHmim-conversion19937 (Rhea) glycine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine
XMPGMPmim-conversion18302 (Rhea)
XMPXanthosinemim-conversion28531 (Rhea)
XanthineUratemim-conversion16670 (Rhea)
XanthosineXanthinemim-conversion27639 (Rhea)
acetyl-CoAmalonyl-CoAmim-conversion18818 (Rhea)
dADPdAMPmim-conversion23102 (Rhea)
dADPdATPmim-conversion27675 (Rhea)
dAMP2'-Deoxyadenosinemim-conversion29372 (Rhea)
dGDPdGMPmim-conversion12699 (Rhea)
dGDPdGTPmim-conversion27691 (Rhea)
dGMP2-Deoxyguanosinemim-conversion19203 (Rhea)
Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5420"
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