Vitamin B12 metabolism (Homo sapiens)
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Description
Vitamin B12 is involved in the preservation and regeneration of the myelin shealth - the protective fatty layer that acts as an insulator in nerve axons.
Animals store vitamin B12 in liver and muscle and therefore eggs, milk, meat, liver are sources of the vitamin.
Problems in metabolism of vitamin B12 lead to "persistent" lack of energy to perform every day tasks.
The genes and pathways highlighted above describe several routes through which genes and metabolites involved in B12 metabolism are interconnected.
Central B12 metabolism nodes include folate metabolism and the synthesis of the citric acid cycle intermediates and succinyl-CoA, cyanocobalamin into methylcobalamin conversion, tyrosine nitration and riboflavin pathways.
Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the CPTAC Assay Portal.Quality Tags
Ontology Terms
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History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Methylmalonic acid | Metabolite | HMDB0000202 (HMDB) | Methylmalonate |
S-Adenosylhomocysteine | Metabolite | HMDB0000939 (HMDB) | |
S-Adenosylmethionine | Metabolite | HMDB0001185 (HMDB) | |
Succinyl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB0001022 (HMDB) | |
5,10-Methylene-THF | Metabolite | HMDB0001533 (HMDB) | 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate |
5-methyl-THF | Metabolite | HMDB0001396 (HMDB) |
|
8-Isoprostaglandin F2a | Metabolite | HMDB0005083 (HMDB) | |
8-OHdG | Metabolite | HMDB0003333 (HMDB) | 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine |
ABCA1 | Protein | 19 (Entrez Gene) | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1 |
ACT | Protein | 12 (Entrez Gene) |
|
ALB | Protein | 213 (Entrez Gene) | albumin |
APOA1-NO2Tyr | Protein | 335 (Entrez Gene) | Nitrotyrosinated apolipoprotein A-I |
APOA1 | Protein | 335 (Entrez Gene) | apolipoprotein A-I |
APOB | Protein | 338 (Entrez Gene) | apolipoprotein B |
APOE | Protein | 348 (Entrez Gene) | apolipoprotein A-I |
Adenosylcobalamin | Metabolite | HMDB0002086 (HMDB) | |
Ascorbic acid | Metabolite | CHEBI:29073 (ChEBI) | Vitamin C |
CBR | Protein | 1.16.1.4 (Enzyme Nomenclature) |
|
CBS | Protein | 875 (Entrez Gene) |
|
CRP | Protein | 1401 (Entrez Gene) | C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related |
CTH | Protein | 1491 (Entrez Gene) |
|
CUBN | GeneProduct | 8029 (Entrez Gene) | cubilin (intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor) |
Cbl/HC | Metabolite | HMDB0002174 (HMDB) | Cobalamin haptocorrin complex |
Cbl/IF | Metabolite | HMDB0002174 (HMDB) | Cobalamin Intrinsic factor complex |
Cbl/TC | Metabolite | HMDB0002174 (HMDB) |
|
Chlorine | Metabolite | HMDB0000492 (HMDB) | |
Cholesterol | Metabolite | HMDB0000067 (HMDB) | |
Cob(I)alamin | Metabolite | HMDB0003429 (HMDB) | Reduced cobalamin |
Cob(II)alamin | Metabolite | HMDB0006316 (HMDB) | oxidized cobalamin |
Creatinine | Metabolite | HMDB0000562 (HMDB) |
|
Cystathionine | Metabolite | HMDB0000099 (HMDB) | |
Cysteine | Metabolite | HMDB0000574 (HMDB) | |
D-Methylmalonyl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB0001269 (HMDB) | |
D-dimer | Protein | Q2162109 (Wikidata) | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_degradation_product |
DNA Oxidation | Pathway | ||
F2-Isoprostane | Metabolite | Q33659470 (Wikidata) | |
FAD | Metabolite | HMDB0001248 (HMDB) | Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
FGA | Protein | 2243 (Entrez Gene) | |
FGB | Protein | 2244 (Entrez Gene) | |
FGG | Protein | 2266 (Entrez Gene) | |
Factor VII | Protein | 2155 (Entrez Gene) |
|
Fibrin | Protein | Q27205 (Wikidata) | |
Fibrinogen | Protein | Q381899 (Wikidata) | |
Fructosamine | Metabolite | HMDB0002030 (HMDB) | |
Glucose | Metabolite | HMDB0000122 (HMDB) | |
H2O2 | Metabolite | HMDB0003125 (HMDB) | Hydrogen peroxide |
HBA1 | Protein | 3039 (Entrez Gene) | hemoglobin, alpha 1 |
HBB | Protein | 3043 (Entrez Gene) | hemoglobin, beta |
HC | GeneProduct | 6947 (Entrez Gene) |
|
HDL-C | Metabolite | CHEBI:47775 (ChEBI) |
|
HDL/APOA1 | Metabolite | CHEBI:39025 (ChEBI) |
|
HDL/SAA | Metabolite | CHEBI:39025 (ChEBI) |
|
HDL | Metabolite | CHEBI:39025 (ChEBI) | high-density lipoprotein |
HNO2 | Metabolite | CHEBI:25567 (ChEBI) | Nitrous acid |
HOCl | Metabolite | HMDB0001050 (HMDB) | Hypochlorite |
HbA1c | Protein | Q311213 (Wikidata) |
|
Homocysteine | Metabolite | HMDB0000742 (HMDB) | |
IF* | GeneProduct | 2694 (Entrez Gene) |
|
IL10 | Protein | 3458 (Entrez Gene) | interferon, gamma |
IL1B | Protein | 3553 (Entrez Gene) | interleukin 1, beta |
IL6 | Protein | 3569 (Entrez Gene) | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) |
INS | Protein | 3630 (Entrez Gene) | Insulin |
INSR | Protein | 3643 (Entrez Gene) | Insulin receptor |
L-Methylmalonyl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB0001269 (HMDB) | |
LDL-C | Metabolite | CHEBI:47774 (ChEBI) |
|
LDL/APOB | Metabolite | CHEBI:39026 (ChEBI) |
|
LDL | Metabolite | CHEBI:39026 (ChEBI) | low-density lipoprotein |
LDLR | Protein | 3949 (Entrez Gene) | low density lipoprotein receptor |
Lipid peroxidation | Pathway | WP1878 (WikiPathways) | |
Lipoprotein metabolism | Pathway | ||
MAT | Protein | 4143 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MCEE | Protein | 84693 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MCP1 | GeneProduct | 6347 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MM-CoA-H | Protein | 3.1.2.17 (Enzyme Nomenclature) |
|
MMAB | Protein | 326625 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MPO | Protein | 4353 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MSR* | Protein | 4552 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MTHFR* | Protein | 4524 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MTR* | Protein | 4548 (Entrez Gene) |
|
MUT | Protein | 4594 (Entrez Gene) |
|
Megalin | GeneProduct | 4036 (Entrez Gene) | Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 |
Methionine | Metabolite | HMDB0000696 (HMDB) | |
Methylcob(III)alamin | Metabolite | HMDB0002274 (HMDB) | |
N2O | Metabolite | CHEBI:17045 (ChEBI) |
|
NADH | Metabolite | HMDB0001487 (HMDB) | Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate |
NAD | Metabolite | HMDB0000902 (HMDB) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
NADP+ | Metabolite | HMDB0000217 (HMDB) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized |
NADPH | Metabolite | HMDB0000221 (HMDB) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced |
NFKB1 | GeneProduct | 4790 (Entrez Gene) | nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p50 subunit |
NFKB2 | GeneProduct | 4791 (Entrez Gene) | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 |
NO2 | Metabolite | CHEBI:33101 (ChEBI) | Nitrogen dioxide |
NO3- | Metabolite | HMDB0002878 (HMDB) | Nitrate |
NO | Metabolite | HMDB0003378 (HMDB) | Nitric oxide |
Nitrotyrosine | Metabolite | HMDB0001904 (HMDB) | |
O2 | Metabolite | HMDB0002168 (HMDB) | Superoxide |
O3 | Metabolite | CHEBI:25812 (ChEBI) | ozone |
ONOO-ONOOH | Metabolite | HMDB0002179 (HMDB) | Peroxynitrite |
PAI-1 | Protein | 5054 (Entrez Gene) | Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1 |
PGE1 | Metabolite | HMDB0001442 (HMDB) | Prostaglandin E1 |
PGE2 | Metabolite | HMDB0001220 (HMDB) | Prostaglandin E2 |
PGF2a | Metabolite | HMDB0001139 (HMDB) | Prostaglandin F2a |
PLG | Protein | 5340 (Entrez Gene) |
|
Prostaglandin metabolism | Pathway | WP98 (WikiPathways) | |
Protein tyrosine nitration | Pathway | ||
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | Metabolite | HMDB0001491 (HMDB) | Vitamin B6 |
RANTES | Protein | 6352 (Entrez Gene) |
|
RELA | GeneProduct | 5970 (Entrez Gene) | nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65 |
Riboflavin | Metabolite | HMDB0000244 (HMDB) | |
SAA1 | Protein | 6288 (Entrez Gene) | serum amyloid A1 |
SAA2 | Protein | 6289 (Entrez Gene) | serum amyloid A2 |
SAA3 | Protein | 6290 (Entrez Gene) | serum amyloid A3 pseudogene |
SAA4 | Protein | 6291 (Entrez Gene) | serum amyloid A4, constitutive |
SHMT | Protein | 6472 (Entrez Gene) |
|
SOD1 | Protein | 6647 (Entrez Gene) |
|
SOD2 | Protein | 6648 (Entrez Gene) |
|
SOD3 | Protein | 6649 (Entrez Gene) |
|
SRB1 | Protein | 949 (Entrez Gene) | scavenger receptor class B, member 1 |
Serine | Metabolite | HMDB0000187 (HMDB) | |
TAG | Metabolite | CHEBI:17855 (ChEBI) |
|
TCN2* | GeneProduct | 6948 (Entrez Gene) | transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia |
THF | Metabolite | HMDB0001846 (HMDB) | Tetrahydrofolic acid |
TNFa | Protein | 7124 (Entrez Gene) | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) |
Thrombin | Protein | 2147 (Entrez Gene) |
|
Thromboxane A2 | Metabolite | HMDB0001452 (HMDB) | |
Thromboxane B2 | Metabolite | HMDB0003252 (HMDB) | |
VLDL-TAG | Metabolite | CHEBI:47776 (ChEBI) |
|
VLDL/APOB | Metabolite | CHEBI:39027 (ChEBI) |
|
VLDL | Metabolite | CHEBI:39027 (ChEBI) | very-low-density lipoprotein |
Vitamin B12/Cobalamin | Metabolite | HMDB0002174 (HMDB) | |
Zinc | Metabolite | HMDB0015532 (HMDB) | |
a-Tocopherol | Metabolite | HMDB0001893 (HMDB) | Vitamin E |
oxLDL | Metabolite | CHEBI:60151 (ChEBI) | oxidized low-density lipoprotein |
sICAM-1 | Protein | 3383 (Entrez Gene) | soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 |
tPA | Protein | 5327 (Entrez Gene) |
|
vitamin D | Metabolite | CHEBI:27300 (ChEBI) |
Annotated Interactions
No annotated interactions