Spinal cord injury (Homo sapiens)

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1733LTB4RLTB4PDYNPTPRZ1AQP1NOTNFSF13NGFRCSPG4CD47TNFSF13BPLXNA2APEX1LTBAIF110727362530421Motor NeuronOligodendrocyteAstroctyeSpinal Cord InjuryTimePro-InflammatoryFactorsZFP36FCGR2APRB1PTPRAIL1BZFP36NOS2TNFNR4A1IL4BTG2BTG2FBRCDK2NOS1IL2TNFIL6TLR4FOSIL1BTGFB1TLR4TNFEGR1FOSMMP12IFNGGlial ScarAstrocyte GliosisSwelling/EdemaMBPAntigens ReleasedRTN4C5CXCL1Neutrophil Chemoattractants12, 23IL8NeurtrophilsMonocytesAQP4TT9LegendTT:Therapeutic Target (increase)TTTTTT:Therapeutic Target (decrease)T-CellsB-CellsB Cell Stimulating37Activated Microglia/Macrophages(Transient)RepairIL1BNOS2TNFARG1TOXIC FERROUSIRONFocal AdensionsEPHA411, 31TTEPHNB2TTTTTTTTCXCL10Neuro protectionAntibody ReleaseNeuronalInjuryResponseAstrocyteInjuryResponseG1-S Cell Cycle Re-entry (TT)26CCNG1MicrogliaMicrogliaActivationAxonal RetractionRecruitmentRecruitmentMMP929TTChondroitin Sulfate ProteoglycansNCAN1SLIT1Axon Retraction1SLIT2SLIT3NTN1RGMATTTTTTTTTTMMP9MMP92929MMP929TTTTTTCCR2IL1R1TT23ECM BreakdownECM BreakdownIL1ACXCL1Monocyte Chemoattractants12, 23CXCL2CCL2OligodendrocyteInjury ResponsePLA2G6PLA2G5PLA2G2AmelittinInflammationDemyelinationANXA1TT19TTTTTTRed Blood CellsMyelinEndothelial LeukocyteAdehsion Factors5ICAM1SELPTTTTPlasticityKLK840TTMicrogliaActivated Microglia/MacrophagesActivated Microglia/MacrophagesGFAP29TTIntermediateFillament35CDK4TACR1E2F5RB1PRKCAE2F1MAPK1CCND1MYCGADD45AMAPK3TTTTTTAstroctyeNeuron & OligodendrocyteApoptosis/NecrosisMicrogliaProliferationCASP3TP53CytotoxicCytotoxicCHST11VCANCOL4A1XYLT1COL2A1ACANBCANGlial Scar FromationSOX9Axonal GrowthInhibition35IgG, IgMTP53TT41TTTTGRIN138VIMTT43T Cell StimulatingFK506378PPP3CATTFK50632FK50632GAP43TTFK50632Axonal RegenerationFKBP1AIL2C3 ToxinC1Q and Fc receptive cellsMAGRTN4RHOARHOCRHOBROCK2OMGRTN4RLILRB324MyelinInjury ResponseArachidonic acidPGH2PTGS26TT20ROSNOX4MIR23BOlomoucine18CDK1GDNF34TTSEMA6ATT25Axonal GrowthInhibitionGJA1ATP-Release22TTBDNFTTImmediate Response Genes2-Methoxyestradiol2630TT


Description

This pathway provides an overview of cell types, therapeutic targets, drugs, new proposed targets and pathways implicated in spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a complex multistep process that involves the regulation of gene expression and signaling in motor neurons, oligodentrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes that trigger immediate immune responses lasting several weeks. Within 24 hours, chemoattractants and cytokines released from the site of injury activate neutrophils which further recruit B and T cells or recruit monocytes that ultimately result in infiltration and activation by microglia and macrophages. These immune responses result in inflammation, excitotoxicity, cell death, formation of glial scar, and suppression of axonal regeneration. An increase in the expression of cell cycle genes further results in proliferation of astrocytes and microglia that leads to apoptosis and necrosis of oligodentrocytes and neurons. An example therapy is the administration of the immunosuppressant FK506, also used in transplantation to offer neuroprotection.

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Bibliography

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History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
135135view21:23, 6 August 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'neutrophil' added !
135134view21:21, 6 August 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'oligodendrocyte' added !
135133view21:21, 6 August 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'macrophage' added !
130893view00:28, 31 May 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'spinal cord motor neuron' added !
130892view00:27, 31 May 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'motor neuron' added !
130891view00:25, 31 May 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'B cell' added !
130890view00:25, 31 May 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'T cell' added !
130889view00:25, 31 May 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'microglial cell' added !
130888view00:24, 31 May 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'monocyte' added !
120812view15:03, 11 January 2022SusanOntology Term : 'neurological disorder pathway' added !
117177view09:56, 18 May 2021EweitzModified title
106712view13:15, 17 September 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
105820view23:01, 15 August 2019KhanspersModified description
104858view14:59, 20 June 2019DeSlRemoved weird signs in lit. ref (part 1)
104853view14:52, 20 June 2019DeSlUpdated empty lit. ref
104850view14:46, 20 June 2019DeSlCOnnected unconnected lines.
104843view14:33, 20 June 2019DeSlChanged lines for motor neuron to graphical lines.
101932view12:38, 18 November 2018EgonwRemoved whitespace in PubMed identifiers.
87678view08:55, 25 July 2016LindarieswijkOntology Term : 'disease pathway' added !
84650view22:21, 10 March 2016Khanspersupdated mmp12 xref
80343view18:15, 9 June 2015Khanspersupdated color and type for MIR23B
79963view13:55, 28 April 2015Zaricorected annotation PTGS2 from chimpanzee to human, annotated Ros
79931view12:14, 27 April 2015EveloRenamed IL8 with the new official HGNC name CXCL8
78556view10:31, 7 January 2015MaintBotadded missing graphIds
76332view08:13, 2 July 2014MkutmonFixed annotation for C5
74098view22:56, 29 March 2014Ariuttaupdate arrowhead
69988view22:03, 11 July 2013MaintBotupdating to 2013 schema
59143view00:06, 22 February 2013DMicaelSpecify description
59080view21:55, 21 February 2013MaintBotUpdated Ensembl data source
58412view22:54, 12 February 2013NsalomonisSpecify description
58411view22:50, 12 February 2013DMicaelSpecify description
58410view22:46, 12 February 2013NsalomonisSpecify description
58380view21:35, 12 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58378view21:15, 12 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58373view20:23, 12 February 2013DMicaelSpecify description
58370view19:52, 12 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58349view16:11, 12 February 2013NsalomonisSpecify description
58322view04:15, 12 February 2013NsalomonisSpecify description
58321view04:14, 12 February 2013NsalomonisSpecify description
58317view23:46, 11 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58315view23:15, 11 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58313view23:05, 11 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58309view22:33, 11 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58305view22:02, 11 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress
58304view21:42, 11 February 2013DMicaelSpecify description
58303view21:40, 11 February 2013DMicaelSpecify description
58302view21:39, 11 February 2013DMicaelSpecify description
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58296view20:42, 11 February 2013DMicaelPeriodical save, work in progress

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
2-MethoxyestradiolMetabolite66414 (PubChem-compound)
ACANGeneProductENSG00000157766 (Ensembl Human)
AIF1GeneProduct199 (Entrez Gene)
ANXA1GeneProductENSG00000135046 (Ensembl Human)
APEX1GeneProductENSG00000100823 (Ensembl)
AQP1GeneProductENSG00000240583 (Ensembl)
AQP4GeneProductENSG00000171885 (Ensembl Human)
ARG1GeneProductENSG00000118520 (Ensembl Human)
Arachidonic acidMetaboliteHMDB01043 (HMDB)
BCANGeneProductENSG00000132692 (Ensembl Human)
BDNFGeneProductENSG00000176697 (Ensembl Human)
BTG2GeneProductENSG00000159388 (Ensembl Human)
C5GeneProductENSG00000106804 (CTD Gene)
CASP3GeneProductENSG00000164305 (Ensembl Human)
CCL2GeneProductENSG00000108691 (Ensembl Human)
CCND1GeneProductENSG00000110092 (Ensembl Human)
CCNG1GeneProductENSG00000113328 (Ensembl Human)
CCR2GeneProductENSG00000121807 (Ensembl Human)
CD47GeneProductENSG00000196776 (Ensembl Human)
CDK1GeneProductENSG00000170312 (Ensembl Human)
CDK2GeneProductENSG00000123374 (Ensembl Human)
CDK4GeneProductENSG00000135446 (Ensembl Human)
CHST11GeneProductENSG00000171310 (Ensembl Human)
COL2A1GeneProductENSG00000139219 (Ensembl Human)
COL4A1GeneProductENSG00000187498 (Ensembl Human)
CSPG4GeneProductENSG00000173546 (Ensembl Human)
CXCL10GeneProductENSG00000169245 (Ensembl Human)
CXCL1GeneProductENSG00000163739 (Ensembl Human)
CXCL2GeneProductENSG00000081041 (Ensembl Human)
E2F1GeneProductENSG00000101412 (Ensembl Human)
E2F5GeneProductENSG00000133740 (Ensembl Human)
EGR1GeneProductENSG00000120738 (Ensembl Human)
EPHA4GeneProductENSG00000116106 (Ensembl Human)
EPHNB2GeneProductENSG00000125266 (Ensembl Human)
FBRGeneProduct
FCGR2AGeneProductENSG00000143226 (Ensembl Human)
FK506Metabolite104987-11-3 (CAS)
FKBP1AGeneProductENSG00000088832 (Ensembl Human)
FOSGeneProductENSG00000170345 (Ensembl Human)
GADD45AGeneProductENSG00000116717 (Ensembl Human)
GAP43GeneProductENSG00000172020 (Ensembl Human)
GDNFGeneProductENSG00000168621 (Ensembl Human)
GFAPGeneProductENSG00000131095 (Ensembl Human)
GJA1GeneProductENSG00000152661 (Ensembl Human)
GRIN1GeneProductENSG00000176884 (Ensembl Human)
ICAM1GeneProductENSG00000090339 (Ensembl Human)
IFNGGeneProductENSG00000111537 (Ensembl Human)
IL1AGeneProduct3552 (Entrez Gene)
IL1BGeneProductENSG00000125538 (Ensembl Human)
IL1R1GeneProductENSG00000115594 (Ensembl Human)
IL2GeneProductENSG00000109471 (Ensembl Human)
IL4GeneProductENSG00000113520 (Ensembl Human)
IL6GeneProductENSG00000136244 (Ensembl Human)
IL8GeneProductENSG00000169429 (Ensembl Human)
KLK8GeneProductENSG00000129455 (Ensembl Human)
LILRB3GeneProductENSG00000204577 (Ensembl Human)
LTB4Metabolite169 (PubChem-compound)
LTB4RGeneProductENSG00000213903 (Ensembl Human)
LTBGeneProductENSG00000227507 (Ensembl Human)
MAGGeneProductENSG00000105695 (Ensembl Human)
MAPK1GeneProductENSG00000100030 (Ensembl Human)
MAPK3GeneProductENSG00000102882 (Ensembl Human)
MBPGeneProductENSG00000197971 (Ensembl Human)
MIR23BGeneProductENSG00000207563 (Ensembl Human)
MMP12GeneProductENSG00000110347 (Ensembl Human)
MMP9GeneProductENSG00000100985 (Ensembl Human)
MYCGeneProductENSG00000136997 (Ensembl Human)
NCANGeneProductENSG00000130287 (Ensembl Human)
NGFRGeneProductENSG00000064300 (Ensembl Human)
NOMetabolite145068 (PubChem-compound)
NOS1GeneProductENSG00000089250 (Ensembl Human)
NOS2GeneProductENSG00000007171 (Ensembl Human)
NOX4GeneProductENSG00000086991 (Ensembl Human)
NR4A1GeneProductENSG00000123358 (Ensembl Human)
NTN1GeneProductENSG00000065320 (Ensembl Human)
OMGGeneProductENSG00000126861 (Ensembl Human)
OlomoucineMetaboliteHMDB35233 (HMDB)
PDYNGeneProductENSG00000101327 (Ensembl Human)
PGH2MetaboliteHMDB01381 (HMDB)
PLA2G2AGeneProductENSG00000188257 (Ensembl Human)
PLA2G5GeneProductENSG00000127472 (Ensembl Human)
PLA2G6GeneProductENSG00000184381 (Ensembl Human)
PLXNA2GeneProductENSG00000076356 (Ensembl Human)
PPP3CAGeneProductENSG00000138814 (Ensembl Human)
PRB1GeneProductENSG00000251655 (Ensembl Human)
PRKCAGeneProductENSG00000154229 (Ensembl Human)
PTGS2GeneProduct469616 (Entrez Gene)
PTPRAGeneProductENSG00000132670 (Ensembl Human)
PTPRZ1GeneProductENSG00000106278 (Ensembl Human)
RB1GeneProductENSG00000139687 (Ensembl Human)
RGMAGeneProductENSG00000182175 (Ensembl Human)
RHOAGeneProductENSG00000067560 (Ensembl Human)
RHOBGeneProductENSG00000143878 (Ensembl Human)
RHOCGeneProductENSG00000155366 (Ensembl Human)
ROCK2GeneProductENSG00000134318 (Ensembl Human)
ROSGeneProduct
RTN4GeneProductENSG00000115310 (Ensembl Human)
RTN4RGeneProductENSG00000040608 (Ensembl Human)
SELPGeneProductENSG00000174175 (Ensembl Human)
SEMA6AGeneProductENSG00000092421 (Ensembl Human)
SLIT1GeneProductENSG00000187122 (Ensembl Human)
SLIT2GeneProductENSG00000145147 (Ensembl Human)
SLIT3GeneProductENSG00000184347 (Ensembl Human)
SOX9GeneProductENSG00000125398 (Ensembl Human)
TACR1GeneProductENSG00000115353 (Ensembl Human)
TGFB1GeneProductENSG00000105329 (Ensembl Human)
TLR4GeneProductENSG00000136869 (Ensembl Human)
TNFGeneProductENSG00000232810 (Ensembl Human)
TNFSF13BGeneProductENSG00000102524 (Ensembl Human)
TNFSF13GeneProductENSG00000161955 (Ensembl Human)
TP53GeneProductENSG00000141510 (Ensembl Human)
VCANGeneProductENSG00000038427 (Ensembl Human)
VIMGeneProductENSG00000026025 (Ensembl Human)
XYLT1GeneProductENSG00000103489 (Ensembl Human)
ZFP36GeneProductENSG00000128016 (Ensembl Human)
melittinMetabolite16133648 (PubChem-compound)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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