Regulation of mRNA stability by proteins that bind AU-rich elements (Homo sapiens)

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4, 21, 22, 451916, 23, 27, 28, 31...32, 35, 623, 58, 611, 3, 586, 12, 29, 406, 12, 29, 40, 44173019, 485950, 523018, 26, 33, 611, 8, 13, 37, 415420, 23, 62, 6314, 26, 31, 367, 5418, 26, 33, 572, 7, 47, 53, 64175, 9, 10, 20, 25...49, 50, 529, 24, 62, 6330, 49, 50, 52Exosome Complex Exosome Ring Hexamer HuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 Exosome Ring Hexamer AUF1 Tetramer HuRmRNA Complexes HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158mRNA Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 Exosome Complex KSRPmRNA Degradation Complex HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158mRNA Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 AUF1 Tetramer Phosphorylated TTPmRNA14-3-3 Complex AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 Phosphorylated AUF1 p40 Tetramer BRF1mRNA Degradation Complex Phosphorylated TTPmRNA Complex TTPmRNA Complex Ubiquitinated AUF1 Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA Complex Phosphorylated AUF1 p40 Tetramer AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA Complex HuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA Complex AUF1 p37 Tetramer TTPmRNA Complex Phospho-MAP kinase p38 AUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock Proteins Phosphorylated KSRP Exosome Ring Hexamer nucleoplasmHuRAPRILpp32SET/SETalphaNup214/SETbetaCRM1 Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 KSRPmRNA Complex Phosphorylated TTPmRNA Complex Exosome Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 KSRPmRNA Complex Phospho-p38 MAPK alpha/beta AUF1 p37 Tetramer 26S proteasome HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318mRNA Complex TTPmRNA Degradation Complex BRF1mRNA Complex Exosome Ring Hexamer Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer BRF1mRNA Complex HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318mRNA Complex cytosolExosome Complex YWHABYWHAZEXOSC1 HNRNPD-4 EXOSC7 p-S60,S186-ZFP36 PSMD1 PSME1 mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser221 and Ser318p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2Phosphorylated KSRP NUP214Mg2+ PSMA2 EXOSC8 mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR with Unknown PhosphorylationEXOSC9 p-S158,S221-ELAVL1DIS3 Exosome ComplexHSPA8EXOSC3 DCP2 PSMD8 EXOSC9 p-S158,S221-ELAVL1EXOSC8 KHSRPZFP36L1 SETEXOSC2 XRN1ELAVL1PSMB7 mRNA Transcript Targeted by BRF1ATPELAVL1TTPmRNA ComplexATPEXOSC9 ADPHuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA ComplexAUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock ProteinsEXOSC5 EXOSC6 PSMB9 EXOSC1 ATPHuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318mRNA ComplexXPO1 Phosphorylated TTPmRNA14-3-3 Complexp-T180,Y182-MAPK14 EXOSC1 EXOSC4 SETEIF4G1 p-T692-KHSRPPSMC5 PSMD12 HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158mRNA ComplexPSMB4 mRNA Transcript Targeted by AUF1PSMD13 DCP1AEXOSC8 EXOSC7 PSMB11 PSMF1DIS3 TNPO1 DCP2 p-S60,S186-ZFP36 AUF1 Dimer p-S221,S318-ELAVL1EXOSC1 HuRmRNA ComplexHSPB1TNPO1 EXOSC9 mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser158 and Ser318.YWHABTNPO1 EXOSC4 PSMA6 PSMC6PSMA5 PABPC1DCP2 p-S54,S92,S203-p-ZFP36L1 ELAVL1PARN PSMA7DCP1A PSMC1XRN1 EXOSC4 PSMA3 p-S83,S87-Ub-HNRNPD-3 DIS3 p-S83,S87-HNRNPD-3 KSRPmRNA Degradation ComplexATPNUP214 PSMD11 EXOSC8 EXOSC7 p-T308,S473-AKT1Phosphorylated BRF1 PSMD3 Phosphorylated BRF1 PSMC3 PSME4 PSMC2 DCP1A EXOSC6 KHSRPHuRmRNA ComplexesPSMD5 DIS3 TNPO1 p-T180,Y182-MAPK11 EXOSC3 EXOSC2 PSMD2 BRF1mRNA Complexp-S92,S203-ZFP36L1 PRKCDPSMB2 PSMB1 XRN1 EXOSC5 YWHABHuRAPRILpp32SET/SETalphaNup214/SETbetaCRM1 ComplexZFP36ZFP36 EIF4G1Phospho-MAP kinase p38 p-S54,S92,S203-p-ZFP36L1 ZFP36L1Phosphorylated BRF1 ZFP36 EXOSC5 AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexEXOSC2 PSMB3 p-T244-TNFSF13HSPA8 PSMD7ANP32A KHSRPPSMB6 TTPmRNA Degradation ComplexZFP36L1 PSMB5 p-S158,S221-ELAVL1PSMC4 PSMD6PSMA1 EXOSC6 mRNA Transcript Targeted by KSRPPSMD4Ub-HNRNPD-4 HSPA1Ap-T244-TNFSF13XPO1PSMB10 PSMD14 HSPB1 DCP2EXOSC3 PABPC1 KSRPmRNA ComplexEXOSC2 p-S193-KHSRPANP32Ap-S83,S87-HNRNPD-3 YWHAZ EXOSC3 Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexUbPhosphorylated TTPmRNA Complex26S proteasomePSMA8 EXOSC5 p-S92,S203-ZFP36L1 HNRNPD-4 ADPPSME3 PRKCAPhosphorylated BRF1 PSMD10 HSPA1APSMA4 p-S193-KHSRPmRNA Transcript Targeted by TristetraprolinePSMD9 EXOSC7 PSMB8 YWHABPARNp-S221,S318-ELAVL1BRF1mRNA Degradation Complexp-S221,S318-ELAVL1TNPO1EXOSC6 PSME2 p-T244-TNFSF13 ADPADPEXOSC4 30, 621565, 10, 42, 46, 55...7, 47, 53, 6419, 485030, 50, 521718, 26, 31, 33, 5731, 5717, 19, 4817731, 366317, 1919, 483065050, 5262, 635011, 27, 34, 38, 39, 615017, 19, 489, 20150, 526262, 633216, 317, 54


Description

RNA elements rich in adenine and uracil residues (AU-rich elements) bind specific proteins which either target the RNA for degradation or, more rarely, stabilize the RNA. The activity of the AU-element binding proteins is regulated, usually by phosphorylation but also by subcellular localization. Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=450531

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114931view16:45, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113376view11:45, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112581view15:55, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101496view11:36, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101033view21:17, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100566view19:50, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100115view16:36, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99665view15:06, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99263view12:45, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93782view13:36, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93315view11:20, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
88143view12:58, 26 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'regulatory pathway' added !
86400view09:17, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83344view10:52, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81764view10:10, 26 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76960view08:24, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76665view12:03, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75994view10:05, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75697view11:03, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75053view13:56, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74833view10:05, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
74697view08:46, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
26S proteasomeComplexREACT_2353 (Reactome)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ANP32A ProteinP39687 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ANP32AProteinP39687 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
AUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock ProteinsComplexREACT_25605 (Reactome)
AUF1 Dimer ComplexREACT_25445 (Reactome) Phosphorylated isoform p40 of AUF1 destabilizes mRNA. Isoform p37 (phosphorylation unknown) also destabilizes mRNA.
AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26524 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26687 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA Degradation ComplexComplexREACT_25561 (Reactome)
DCP1A ProteinQ9NPI6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCP1AProteinQ9NPI6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCP2 ProteinQ8IU60 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCP2ProteinQ8IU60 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIS3 ProteinQ9Y2L1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EIF4G1 ProteinQ04637 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EIF4G1ProteinQ04637 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ELAVL1ProteinQ15717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC1 ProteinQ9Y3B2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC2 ProteinQ13868 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC3 ProteinQ9NQT5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC4 ProteinQ9NPD3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC5 ProteinQ9NQT4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC6 ProteinQ5RKV6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC7 ProteinQ15024 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC8 ProteinQ96B26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC9 ProteinQ06265 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Exosome ComplexComplexREACT_20841 (Reactome) The exosome complex comprises a ring and associated subunits. The ring contains EXOSC2, EXOSC7, EXOSC8, EXOSC9, EXOSC5, and EXOSC6. The subunits EXOSC1, EXOSC2, EXOSC3, and RRP44 bind the ring. The catalytic ribonuclease site is located in RRP44, which yields ribonucleotides having 5'-monophosphates.
HNRNPD-4 ProteinQ14103-4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA1AProteinP08107 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA8 ProteinP11142 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA8ProteinP11142 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPB1 ProteinP04792 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPB1ProteinP04792 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HuR

APRIL pp32 SET/SETalpha Nup214/SETbeta

CRM1 Complex		ComplexREACT_25847 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_25608 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexesComplexREACT_26913 (Reactome)
HuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26059 (Reactome)
HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158 mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_27037 (Reactome)
HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318 mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_25770 (Reactome)
KHSRPProteinQ92945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KSRP mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26697 (Reactome)
KSRP mRNA Degradation ComplexComplexREACT_26058 (Reactome)
Mg2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:18420 (ChEBI)
NUP214 ProteinP35658 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NUP214ProteinP35658 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PABPC1 ProteinP11940 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PABPC1ProteinP11940 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PARN ProteinO95453 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PARNProteinO95453 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCAProteinP17252 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCDProteinQ05655 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA1 ProteinP25786 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA2 ProteinP25787 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA3 ProteinP25788 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA4 ProteinP25789 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA5 ProteinP28066 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA6 ProteinP60900 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA7ProteinO14818 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA8 ProteinQ8TAA3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB1 ProteinP20618 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB10 ProteinP40306 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB11 ProteinA5LHX3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB2 ProteinP49721 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB3 ProteinP49720 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB4 ProteinP28070 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB5 ProteinP28074 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB6 ProteinP28072 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB7 ProteinQ99436 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB8 ProteinP28062 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB9 ProteinP28065 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC1ProteinP62191 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC2 ProteinP35998 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC3 ProteinP17980 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC4 ProteinP43686 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC5 ProteinP62195 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC6ProteinP62333 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD1 ProteinQ99460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD10 ProteinO75832 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD11 ProteinO00231 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD12 ProteinO00232 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD13 ProteinQ9UNM6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD14 ProteinO00487 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD2 ProteinQ13200 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD3 ProteinO43242 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD4ProteinP55036 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD5 ProteinQ16401 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD6ProteinQ15008 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD7ProteinP51665 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD8 ProteinP48556 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD9 ProteinO00233 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME1 ProteinQ06323 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME2 ProteinQ9UL46 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME3 ProteinP61289 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME4 ProteinQ14997 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMF1ProteinQ92530 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Phospho-MAP kinase p38 ComplexREACT_12273 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_25600 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_25856 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_25904 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_26426 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated KSRP ComplexREACT_26013 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP

mRNA

14-3-3 Complex		ComplexREACT_25699 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_25681 (Reactome)
SETProteinQ01105 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TNPO1 ProteinQ92973 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TNPO1ProteinQ92973 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTP mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26727 (Reactome)
TTP mRNA Degradation ComplexComplexREACT_25473 (Reactome)
Ub-HNRNPD-4 ProteinQ14103-4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UbProteinREACT_3316 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26356 (Reactome)
XPO1 ProteinO14980 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XPO1ProteinO14980 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XRN1 ProteinQ8IZH2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XRN1ProteinQ8IZH2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHABProteinP31946 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHAZ ProteinP63104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHAZProteinP63104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36 ProteinP26651 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36L1 ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36L1ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36ProteinP26651 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by AUF1REACT_27038 (Reactome) AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds AU-rich elements in mRNAs encoding Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFA), Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDNK1A, p21), Cyclin-D1 (CCND1), Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF, CSF2), inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, NOS2), Proto-oncogene cFos (FOS), Myc proto-oncogene (MYC), Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by BRF1REACT_26387 (Reactome) BRF1 binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: IL-3, CSF2 (GM-CSF).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser158 and Ser318.REACT_26315 (Reactome) Phosphorylated HuR (phosphoserine158 and phosphoserine318) binds AU-rich elements in the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) mRNA.
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser221 and Ser318REACT_26577 (Reactome) Phosphorylated HuR (phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318) binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2), Cyclin A (CCNA, CCNA2), and Cyclin D1 (CCND1).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR with Unknown PhosphorylationREACT_27075 (Reactome) HuR (phosphorylation state unknown) binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: Antigen CD83 (CD83), Cyclin B1 (CCNB1), and proto-oncogene c-Fos (FOS).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by KSRPREACT_27068 (Reactome) KSRP binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: IL-8, LDLR, and NOS2 (iNOS). Binding of KSRP to the mRNA encoding Beta-catenin is inferred from mouse.
mRNA Transcript Targeted by TristetraprolineREACT_26157 (Reactome) Tristetraproline binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF2, GM-CSF), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Proto-oncogene C-FOS (FOS, c-fos).
p-S158,S221-ELAVL1ProteinQ15717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S193-KHSRPProteinQ92945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S221,S318-ELAVL1ProteinQ15717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S54,S92,S203-p-ZFP36L1 ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S60,S186-ZFP36 ProteinP26651 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S83,S87-HNRNPD-3 ProteinQ14103-3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S83,S87-Ub-HNRNPD-3 ProteinQ14103-3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S92,S203-ZFP36L1 ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T180,Y182-MAPK11 ProteinQ15759 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T180,Y182-MAPK14 ProteinQ16539 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2ProteinP49137 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T244-TNFSF13 ProteinO75888 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T244-TNFSF13ProteinO75888 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T308,S473-AKT1ProteinP31749 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T692-KHSRPProteinQ92945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
26S proteasomemim-catalysisREACT_25343 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_24965 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25016 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25171 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25187 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25202 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25285 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25335 (Reactome)
ANP32AREACT_25286 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_24965 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25016 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25171 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25187 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25202 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25285 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25335 (Reactome)
AUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock ProteinsREACT_25315 (Reactome)
AUF1 Dimer REACT_24997 (Reactome)
AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexREACT_25267 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexREACT_25265 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexREACT_25285 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexREACT_25335 (Reactome)
DCP1AREACT_25265 (Reactome)
DCP1AREACT_25297 (Reactome)
DCP2REACT_25257 (Reactome)
DCP2REACT_25265 (Reactome)
DCP2REACT_25297 (Reactome)
EIF4G1REACT_25267 (Reactome)
ELAVL1REACT_25016 (Reactome)
ELAVL1REACT_25067 (Reactome)
ELAVL1REACT_25202 (Reactome)
Exosome ComplexREACT_25257 (Reactome)
Exosome ComplexREACT_25265 (Reactome)
Exosome ComplexREACT_25297 (Reactome)
HSPA1AREACT_25267 (Reactome)
HSPA8REACT_25267 (Reactome)
HSPB1REACT_25267 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexArrowREACT_24924 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexesREACT_25286 (Reactome)
KHSRPREACT_24965 (Reactome)
KHSRPREACT_25187 (Reactome)
KHSRPREACT_25230 (Reactome)
KSRP mRNA ComplexREACT_25257 (Reactome)
NUP214REACT_25286 (Reactome)
PABPC1REACT_25267 (Reactome)
PARNREACT_25257 (Reactome)
PRKCAmim-catalysisREACT_25016 (Reactome)
PRKCDmim-catalysisREACT_25202 (Reactome)
Phospho-MAP kinase p38 mim-catalysisREACT_24965 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ArrowREACT_25285 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ArrowREACT_25335 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 REACT_24951 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 REACT_25272 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP mRNA ComplexArrowREACT_25171 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP mRNA ComplexREACT_24978 (Reactome)
REACT_24924 (Reactome) mRNA bound to HuR is exported from the nucleus by a mechanism that requires the shuttle protein APRIL but not pp32. Phosphorylation of APRIL determines its subcellular localization: APRIL phosphorylated at threonine244 is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm while APRIL that is not phosphorylated at threonine244 is cytoplasmic.
HuR bound to mRNAs in the cytoplasm acts to stabilize the mRNAs by an unknown mechanism.
REACT_24951 (Reactome) Phosphorylated BRF1 interacts with 14-3-3, becomes localized to the cytoskeleton, and no longer promotes RNA degradation. Phosphorylated BRF1 is, however, still able to bind RNA.
REACT_24962 (Reactome) HuR (ELAV1) phosphorylated on serine221 and serine158 binds COX-2 mRNA in the nucleus. The phosphorylation of serine 158 appears to affect RNA-binding while phosphorylation on serine 221 affects nucleocytoplasmic shuffling.
REACT_24965 (Reactome) Activated MAPK p38 alpha and beta phosphorylate KSRP at threonine692. The phosphorylation interferes with the ability of KSRP to bind and destabilize RNA. Thus RNAs become stabilized.
REACT_24973 (Reactome) HuR phosphorylated on ser221 and ser318 binds AU-rich regions of mRNAs. Phosphorylation on ser318 appears to affect RNA binding and phosphorylation of ser221 affects nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.
REACT_24978 (Reactome) Phosphorylated tristetraproline (TTP) binds 14-3-3, which inhibits the ability of TTP to destabilize RNA. Thus RNAs bound by TTP become stabilized. The binding of 14-3-3 causes TTP to be excluded from stress granules.
REACT_24997 (Reactome) AUF1 monomers form dimers which bind the U-rich sequences in AU-rich elements of mRNAs. Binding of the mRNA causes the dimers of AUF1 to form tetramers. Nonphosphorylated AUF1 isoform p40 causes the mRNA to form a rigid structure whereas p40 that is phosphorylated at serines 83 and 87 does not. This difference may cause nonphosphorylated p40 to fail to destabilize the bound mRNA.
REACT_25016 (Reactome) Protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha) phosphorylates HuR (ELAVL1) on serine221 and serine 158.
REACT_25067 (Reactome) HuR binds AU-rich elements of mRNAs. Bound HuR can form oligomers on longer AU-rich elements. Phosphorylated HuR binds mRNA more tightly than unphosphorylated HuR does.
REACT_25152 (Reactome) KSRP phosphorylated at serine193 binds 14-3-3zeta which impairs the ability of KSRP to destabilize RNA. Thus the RNAs become stabilized. KSRP is able to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 14-3-3zeta is nucleoplasmic. Binding of KSRP to 14-3-3zeta causes KSRP to be retained in the nucleus.
REACT_25171 (Reactome) TTP is phosphorylated by MK2 at serines 60 and 186.
REACT_25187 (Reactome) KSRP is phosphorylated by activated protein kinase B/AKT at serine 193. Phosphorylation does not prevent KSRP from binding RNA.
REACT_25202 (Reactome) Protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) phosphorylates HuR (ELAVL1) at serine 221 and serine 318.
REACT_25230 (Reactome) KSRP (KHSRP) binds AU-rich regions of target RNAs via its four K-homology (KH) domains.
REACT_25257 (Reactome) KSRP (KHSRP) forms a complex with the PARN deadenylase, exosome components (3' to 5' mRNA decay), and the decapping enzyme DCP2. Tethering KSRP to a mRNA is sufficient to target the mRNA for degradation.
REACT_25265 (Reactome) BRF1 recruits RNA degradation activities to hydrolyze the RNA bound to BRF1. Coimmunoprecipitation has shown BRF1 interacts with the exosome (3' to 5' nuclease), XRN1 (5' to 3' nuclease), and DCP1a and DCP2 (decapping). BRF1 localizes RNAs to processing bodies, sites of translation repression and possible sites of RNA degradation.
REACT_25267 (Reactome) Tetrameric AUF1 bound to RNA forms a complex with other proteins, including elongation factor eIF4G, polyA-binding protein PABP, Hsp, Hsc70, and Hsp27. AUF1 also directly interacts with polyadenylate.
REACT_25272 (Reactome) Phosphorylated BRF1 interacts with 14-3-3, becomes localized to the cytoskeleton, and no longer promotes RNA degradation. Phosphorylated BRF1 is, however, still able to bind RNA.
REACT_25285 (Reactome) MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) phosphorylates BRF1 at serine 54, serine 92, serine 203, and an unknown site in the C terminus. Phosphorylation inhibits the ability of BRF1 to cause degradation of RNA. It is unknown if tetraphosphorylated BRF1 binds 14-3-3 in the same way as diphosphorylated BRF1 does.
REACT_25286 (Reactome) HuR interacts with SETalpha (Template activating factor 1), SETbeta (CAN/Nup214), APRIL, pp32, and the nuclear export factor CRM1.
REACT_25293 (Reactome) Butyrate response factor 1 (BRF1) binds AU-rich elements in the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs.
REACT_25297 (Reactome) TTP interacts directly with exonucleases (XRN1 and the exosome) and decapping enzymes (DCP1a and DCP2) which hydrolyze the mRNA bound by TTP. TTP also recruits PARN deadenylase, however a direct interaction between TTP and PARN has not been demonstrated.
REACT_25315 (Reactome) AUF1 is ubiquitinated at unknown sites. The number of ubiquitin molecules conjugated to AUF1 and their linkage is unknown. Ubiquitination is required for subsequent degradation of both AUF1 and the mRNA bound by AUF1. It is uncertain if AUF1 is in a larger complex when it is ubiquitinated.
REACT_25335 (Reactome) BRF1 is phosphorylated at Serine92 and Serine203 by Protein kinase B/AKT. Protein kinase B is activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phosphorylation of BRF1 does not interfere with the ability of BRF1 to bind RNA or interact with enzymes that catalyze RNA degradation therefore larger complexes may contain phosphorylated BRF1.
REACT_25343 (Reactome) Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of AUF1 and nuclease-dependent destruction of AUF1-bound mRNA are coupled in an unknown way. It is possible that ubiquitinated AUF1 targets other members of the AUF1 and signal transduction regulated complex (ASTRC), such as polyA-binding protein, for degradation and this renders the mRNA susceptible to nucleases.
REACT_25366 (Reactome) Tristetraprolin (TTP) binds UUAUUUAUU motifs in the AU-rich elements of mRNAs. TTP binds Transportin-1 (Importin beta-2) which plays a role in shuttling TTP between P-bodies and stress granules.
SETREACT_25286 (Reactome)
TNPO1REACT_25366 (Reactome)
TTP mRNA ComplexREACT_25171 (Reactome)
TTP mRNA ComplexREACT_25297 (Reactome)
UbREACT_25315 (Reactome)
XPO1REACT_25286 (Reactome)
XRN1REACT_25265 (Reactome)
XRN1REACT_25297 (Reactome)
YWHABREACT_24951 (Reactome)
YWHABREACT_24978 (Reactome)
YWHABREACT_25272 (Reactome)
YWHAZREACT_25152 (Reactome)
ZFP36L1REACT_25293 (Reactome)
ZFP36REACT_25366 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by AUF1REACT_24997 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by BRF1REACT_25293 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser158 and Ser318.REACT_24962 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser221 and Ser318REACT_24973 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR with Unknown PhosphorylationREACT_25067 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by KSRPREACT_25230 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by TristetraprolineREACT_25366 (Reactome)
p-S158,S221-ELAVL1ArrowREACT_25016 (Reactome)
p-S158,S221-ELAVL1REACT_24962 (Reactome)
p-S193-KHSRPArrowREACT_25187 (Reactome)
p-S193-KHSRPREACT_25152 (Reactome)
p-S221,S318-ELAVL1ArrowREACT_25202 (Reactome)
p-S221,S318-ELAVL1REACT_24973 (Reactome)
p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2mim-catalysisREACT_25171 (Reactome)
p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2mim-catalysisREACT_25285 (Reactome)
p-T244-TNFSF13ArrowREACT_24924 (Reactome)
p-T244-TNFSF13REACT_25286 (Reactome)
p-T308,S473-AKT1mim-catalysisREACT_25187 (Reactome)
p-T308,S473-AKT1mim-catalysisREACT_25335 (Reactome)
p-T692-KHSRPArrowREACT_24965 (Reactome)
Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2733"
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