Regulation of mRNA stability by proteins that bind AU-rich elements (Homo sapiens)

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7, 36, 55, 5644, 592, 19, 2013, 26, 42, 50, 512, 6, 11, 12, 15...5, 9, 33, 531, 34, 5314, 28, 40, 49, 6445323, 30, 45, 6324, 37, 41, 4715, 16, 24, 52455, 21, 25, 27, 29...2, 16, 24, 529, 29, 53, 5419, 20, 648, 32, 38, 3918, 4238, 10, 32, 38, 3923, 3023, 30, 636018AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA Complex Exosome Ring Hexamer TTPmRNA Complex HuRAPRILpp32SET/SETalphaNup214/SETbetaCRM1 Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 Phosphorylated BRF1 AUF1 p37 Tetramer HuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA Complex HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318mRNA Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 Exosome Ring Hexamer KSRPmRNA Complex HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318mRNA Complex Phosphorylated BRF1 AUF1 p37 Tetramer Phosphorylated TTPmRNA Complex AUF1 Tetramer TTPmRNA Complex AUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock Proteins BRF1mRNA Complex Phosphorylated TTPmRNA14-3-3 Complex TTPmRNA Degradation Complex 26S proteasome Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA Complex AUF1 Tetramer HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158mRNA Complex Phosphorylated AUF1 p40 Tetramer Phosphorylated TTPmRNA Complex Phospho-p38 MAPK alpha/beta AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA Complex Phospho-MAP kinase p38 Phosphorylated KSRP HuRmRNA Complexes Phosphorylated BRF1 Exosome Complex KSRPmRNA Complex Exosome Ring Hexamer Phosphorylated BRF1 KSRPmRNA Degradation Complex HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158mRNA Complex Phosphorylated AUF1 p40 Tetramer BRF1mRNA Complex cytosolExosome Complex Exosome Complex BRF1mRNA Degradation Complex Ubiquitinated AUF1 Exosome Complex HuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA Complex nucleoplasmExosome Ring Hexamer p-S92,S203-ZFP36L1 Phosphorylated KSRP ZFP36 p-S83,S87-HNRNPD-3 EXOSC8 ADPPSMD10 PSME2 HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318mRNA ComplexYWHABYWHAZ XPO1p-T180,Y182-MAPK11 PSMA3 EXOSC5 HuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA ComplexDIS3 mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser221 and Ser318EXOSC3 EXOSC6 HSPA1AEXOSC2 ATPPSMD9 DIS3 PRKCAEXOSC5 PARNEXOSC6 ELAVL1EXOSC1 Exosome ComplexADPPSMB8 ZFP36L1Phosphorylated TTPmRNA ComplexSETZFP36 p-S193-KHSRPDIS3 Phosphorylated BRF1 ELAVL1HNRNPD-4 EXOSC9 EXOSC4 PSMC1XRN1 ELAVL1p-S221,S318-ELAVL1ANP32A YWHABATPDCP2EXOSC7 p-T244-TNFSF13UbPhospho-MAP kinase p38 PSMC6PSMD13 p-S158,S221-ELAVL1PSMB5 AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexPSMD2 XRN1EXOSC5 EXOSC8 mRNA Transcript Targeted by BRF1PSME4 EXOSC3 p-S60,S186-ZFP36 ATPKHSRPmRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR with Unknown PhosphorylationPARN HSPA8TTPmRNA Degradation ComplexDIS3 HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158mRNA ComplexTNPO1 XRN1 EXOSC7 PSMA7PSMD1 PSMA6 HSPB1ATPmRNA Transcript Targeted by Tristetraprolinep-S158,S221-ELAVL1DCP2 PSMB1 DCP2 PSMC2 DCP1A AUF1 Dimer EXOSC7 PSMA4 26S proteasomeEXOSC3 HSPB1 KHSRPADPSETPSMD12 EXOSC5 EXOSC8 Phosphorylated BRF1 YWHABPSMD4p-S92,S203-ZFP36L1 PSMC4 PSMA8 PSMC3 DCP2 EXOSC4 mRNA Transcript Targeted by KSRPNUP214PSMD6EXOSC3 p-S60,S186-ZFP36 p-T180,Y182-MAPK14 EXOSC2 EXOSC1 PSMD3 ZFP36L1 Phosphorylated BRF1 mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser158 and Ser318.PSMB3 PSMB10 DCP1A EXOSC9 p-S54,S92,S203-p-ZFP36L1 p-T244-TNFSF13 TNPO1TNPO1 PABPC1Mg2+ p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2BRF1mRNA ComplexYWHABTNPO1 EXOSC9 HNRNPD-4 EXOSC1 PSMB4 ANP32APABPC1 PSMD8 NUP214 EXOSC6 PSMB7 EXOSC6 DCP1APSMB6 p-S221,S318-ELAVL1PSMC5 PSMD7PSMA2 EXOSC4 KSRPmRNA ComplexPSMD5 p-S83,S87-Ub-HNRNPD-3 AUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock ProteinsHuRmRNA ComplexHuRAPRILpp32SET/SETalphaNup214/SETbetaCRM1 ComplexPSMB2 PSMA1 HSPA1ABRF1mRNA Degradation ComplexEXOSC2 EIF4G1 KHSRPEXOSC1 ADPHuRmRNA ComplexesEIF4G1p-S193-KHSRPEXOSC2 Ub-HNRNPD-4 Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexTNPO1 mRNA Transcript Targeted by AUF1PSMD14 PSMB11 EXOSC9 p-T308,S473-AKT1p-S83,S87-HNRNPD-3 p-S158,S221-ELAVL1PSMF1p-S221,S318-ELAVL1p-S54,S92,S203-p-ZFP36L1 PSMD11 HSPA8 PSMA5 p-T692-KHSRPZFP36PSME1 EXOSC8 PSMB9 Phosphorylated BRF1 KSRPmRNA Degradation ComplexPRKCDZFP36L1 p-T244-TNFSF13TTPmRNA ComplexEXOSC4 PSME3 XPO1 Phosphorylated TTPmRNA14-3-3 ComplexYWHAZEXOSC7 53913, 42, 50, 519, 533839, 53303, 4, 5937, 4715, 16, 24, 47, 5234, 5912245, 533, 4, 593, 45, 294223, 30303023, 30, 4547, 57456421, 25, 43, 44, 58...2, 6, 12, 17, 46...23, 30303818, 4215, 474, 59


Description

RNA elements rich in adenine and uracil residues (AU-rich elements) bind specific proteins which either target the RNA for degradation or, more rarely, stabilize the RNA. The activity of the AU-element binding proteins is regulated, usually by phosphorylation but also by subcellular localization. Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=450531

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114931view16:45, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113376view11:45, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112581view15:55, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101496view11:36, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101033view21:17, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100566view19:50, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100115view16:36, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99665view15:06, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99263view12:45, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93782view13:36, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93315view11:20, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
88143view12:58, 26 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'regulatory pathway' added !
86400view09:17, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83344view10:52, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81764view10:10, 26 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76960view08:24, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76665view12:03, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75994view10:05, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75697view11:03, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75053view13:56, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74833view10:05, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
74697view08:46, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
26S proteasomeComplexREACT_2353 (Reactome)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ANP32A ProteinP39687 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ANP32AProteinP39687 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
AUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock ProteinsComplexREACT_25605 (Reactome)
AUF1 Dimer ComplexREACT_25445 (Reactome) Phosphorylated isoform p40 of AUF1 destabilizes mRNA. Isoform p37 (phosphorylation unknown) also destabilizes mRNA.
AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26524 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26687 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA Degradation ComplexComplexREACT_25561 (Reactome)
DCP1A ProteinQ9NPI6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCP1AProteinQ9NPI6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCP2 ProteinQ8IU60 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCP2ProteinQ8IU60 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIS3 ProteinQ9Y2L1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EIF4G1 ProteinQ04637 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EIF4G1ProteinQ04637 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ELAVL1ProteinQ15717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC1 ProteinQ9Y3B2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC2 ProteinQ13868 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC3 ProteinQ9NQT5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC4 ProteinQ9NPD3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC5 ProteinQ9NQT4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC6 ProteinQ5RKV6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC7 ProteinQ15024 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC8 ProteinQ96B26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOSC9 ProteinQ06265 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Exosome ComplexComplexREACT_20841 (Reactome) The exosome complex comprises a ring and associated subunits. The ring contains EXOSC2, EXOSC7, EXOSC8, EXOSC9, EXOSC5, and EXOSC6. The subunits EXOSC1, EXOSC2, EXOSC3, and RRP44 bind the ring. The catalytic ribonuclease site is located in RRP44, which yields ribonucleotides having 5'-monophosphates.
HNRNPD-4 ProteinQ14103-4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA1AProteinP08107 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA8 ProteinP11142 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA8ProteinP11142 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPB1 ProteinP04792 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPB1ProteinP04792 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HuR

APRIL pp32 SET/SETalpha Nup214/SETbeta

CRM1 Complex		ComplexREACT_25847 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_25608 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexesComplexREACT_26913 (Reactome)
HuR with Unknown Phosphorylation mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26059 (Reactome)
HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine158 mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_27037 (Reactome)
HuR with phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318 mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_25770 (Reactome)
KHSRPProteinQ92945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KSRP mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26697 (Reactome)
KSRP mRNA Degradation ComplexComplexREACT_26058 (Reactome)
Mg2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:18420 (ChEBI)
NUP214 ProteinP35658 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NUP214ProteinP35658 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PABPC1 ProteinP11940 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PABPC1ProteinP11940 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PARN ProteinO95453 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PARNProteinO95453 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCAProteinP17252 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKCDProteinQ05655 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA1 ProteinP25786 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA2 ProteinP25787 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA3 ProteinP25788 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA4 ProteinP25789 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA5 ProteinP28066 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA6 ProteinP60900 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA7ProteinO14818 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA8 ProteinQ8TAA3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB1 ProteinP20618 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB10 ProteinP40306 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB11 ProteinA5LHX3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB2 ProteinP49721 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB3 ProteinP49720 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB4 ProteinP28070 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB5 ProteinP28074 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB6 ProteinP28072 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB7 ProteinQ99436 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB8 ProteinP28062 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB9 ProteinP28065 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC1ProteinP62191 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC2 ProteinP35998 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC3 ProteinP17980 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC4 ProteinP43686 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC5 ProteinP62195 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC6ProteinP62333 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD1 ProteinQ99460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD10 ProteinO75832 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD11 ProteinO00231 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD12 ProteinO00232 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD13 ProteinQ9UNM6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD14 ProteinO00487 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD2 ProteinQ13200 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD3 ProteinO43242 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD4ProteinP55036 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD5 ProteinQ16401 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD6ProteinQ15008 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD7ProteinP51665 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD8 ProteinP48556 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD9 ProteinO00233 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME1 ProteinQ06323 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME2 ProteinQ9UL46 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME3 ProteinP61289 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME4 ProteinQ14997 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMF1ProteinQ92530 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Phospho-MAP kinase p38 ComplexREACT_12273 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_25600 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_25856 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_25904 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ComplexREACT_26426 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated KSRP ComplexREACT_26013 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP

mRNA

14-3-3 Complex		ComplexREACT_25699 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_25681 (Reactome)
SETProteinQ01105 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TNPO1 ProteinQ92973 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TNPO1ProteinQ92973 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTP mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26727 (Reactome)
TTP mRNA Degradation ComplexComplexREACT_25473 (Reactome)
Ub-HNRNPD-4 ProteinQ14103-4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UbProteinREACT_3316 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexComplexREACT_26356 (Reactome)
XPO1 ProteinO14980 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XPO1ProteinO14980 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XRN1 ProteinQ8IZH2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XRN1ProteinQ8IZH2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHABProteinP31946 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHAZ ProteinP63104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHAZProteinP63104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36 ProteinP26651 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36L1 ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36L1ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZFP36ProteinP26651 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by AUF1REACT_27038 (Reactome) AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds AU-rich elements in mRNAs encoding Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFA), Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDNK1A, p21), Cyclin-D1 (CCND1), Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF, CSF2), inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, NOS2), Proto-oncogene cFos (FOS), Myc proto-oncogene (MYC), Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by BRF1REACT_26387 (Reactome) BRF1 binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: IL-3, CSF2 (GM-CSF).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser158 and Ser318.REACT_26315 (Reactome) Phosphorylated HuR (phosphoserine158 and phosphoserine318) binds AU-rich elements in the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) mRNA.
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser221 and Ser318REACT_26577 (Reactome) Phosphorylated HuR (phosphoserine221 and phosphoserine318) binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2), Cyclin A (CCNA, CCNA2), and Cyclin D1 (CCND1).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR with Unknown PhosphorylationREACT_27075 (Reactome) HuR (phosphorylation state unknown) binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: Antigen CD83 (CD83), Cyclin B1 (CCNB1), and proto-oncogene c-Fos (FOS).
mRNA Transcript Targeted by KSRPREACT_27068 (Reactome) KSRP binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: IL-8, LDLR, and NOS2 (iNOS). Binding of KSRP to the mRNA encoding Beta-catenin is inferred from mouse.
mRNA Transcript Targeted by TristetraprolineREACT_26157 (Reactome) Tristetraproline binds AU-rich elements in the following mRNAs: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF2, GM-CSF), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Proto-oncogene C-FOS (FOS, c-fos).
p-S158,S221-ELAVL1ProteinQ15717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S193-KHSRPProteinQ92945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S221,S318-ELAVL1ProteinQ15717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S54,S92,S203-p-ZFP36L1 ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S60,S186-ZFP36 ProteinP26651 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S83,S87-HNRNPD-3 ProteinQ14103-3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S83,S87-Ub-HNRNPD-3 ProteinQ14103-3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S92,S203-ZFP36L1 ProteinQ07352 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T180,Y182-MAPK11 ProteinQ15759 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T180,Y182-MAPK14 ProteinQ16539 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2ProteinP49137 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T244-TNFSF13 ProteinO75888 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T244-TNFSF13ProteinO75888 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T308,S473-AKT1ProteinP31749 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T692-KHSRPProteinQ92945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
26S proteasomeREACT_25343 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_24965 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25016 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25171 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25187 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25202 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25285 (Reactome)
ADPArrowREACT_25335 (Reactome)
ANP32AREACT_25286 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_24965 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25016 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25171 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25187 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25202 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25285 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_25335 (Reactome)
AUF1 Complexed with Translation and Heat Shock ProteinsREACT_25315 (Reactome)
AUF1 Dimer REACT_24997 (Reactome)
AUF1 Tetramer Destabilized mRNA ComplexREACT_25267 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexREACT_25265 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexREACT_25285 (Reactome)
BRF1 mRNA ComplexREACT_25335 (Reactome)
DCP1AREACT_25265 (Reactome)
DCP1AREACT_25297 (Reactome)
DCP2REACT_25257 (Reactome)
DCP2REACT_25265 (Reactome)
DCP2REACT_25297 (Reactome)
EIF4G1REACT_25267 (Reactome)
ELAVL1REACT_25016 (Reactome)
ELAVL1REACT_25067 (Reactome)
ELAVL1REACT_25202 (Reactome)
Exosome ComplexREACT_25257 (Reactome)
Exosome ComplexREACT_25265 (Reactome)
Exosome ComplexREACT_25297 (Reactome)
HSPA1AREACT_25267 (Reactome)
HSPA8REACT_25267 (Reactome)
HSPB1REACT_25267 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexArrowREACT_24924 (Reactome)
HuR mRNA ComplexesREACT_25286 (Reactome)
KHSRPREACT_24965 (Reactome)
KHSRPREACT_25187 (Reactome)
KHSRPREACT_25230 (Reactome)
KSRP mRNA ComplexREACT_25257 (Reactome)
NUP214REACT_25286 (Reactome)
PABPC1REACT_25267 (Reactome)
PARNREACT_25257 (Reactome)
PRKCAREACT_25016 (Reactome)
PRKCDREACT_25202 (Reactome)
Phospho-MAP kinase p38 REACT_24965 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ArrowREACT_25285 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 ArrowREACT_25335 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 REACT_24951 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated BRF1 REACT_25272 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP mRNA ComplexArrowREACT_25171 (Reactome)
Phosphorylated TTP mRNA ComplexREACT_24978 (Reactome)
REACT_24924 (Reactome) mRNA bound to HuR is exported from the nucleus by a mechanism that requires the shuttle protein APRIL but not pp32. Phosphorylation of APRIL determines its subcellular localization: APRIL phosphorylated at threonine244 is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm while APRIL that is not phosphorylated at threonine244 is cytoplasmic.
HuR bound to mRNAs in the cytoplasm acts to stabilize the mRNAs by an unknown mechanism.
REACT_24951 (Reactome) Phosphorylated BRF1 interacts with 14-3-3, becomes localized to the cytoskeleton, and no longer promotes RNA degradation. Phosphorylated BRF1 is, however, still able to bind RNA.
REACT_24962 (Reactome) HuR (ELAV1) phosphorylated on serine221 and serine158 binds COX-2 mRNA in the nucleus. The phosphorylation of serine 158 appears to affect RNA-binding while phosphorylation on serine 221 affects nucleocytoplasmic shuffling.
REACT_24965 (Reactome) Activated MAPK p38 alpha and beta phosphorylate KSRP at threonine692. The phosphorylation interferes with the ability of KSRP to bind and destabilize RNA. Thus RNAs become stabilized.
REACT_24973 (Reactome) HuR phosphorylated on ser221 and ser318 binds AU-rich regions of mRNAs. Phosphorylation on ser318 appears to affect RNA binding and phosphorylation of ser221 affects nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.
REACT_24978 (Reactome) Phosphorylated tristetraproline (TTP) binds 14-3-3, which inhibits the ability of TTP to destabilize RNA. Thus RNAs bound by TTP become stabilized. The binding of 14-3-3 causes TTP to be excluded from stress granules.
REACT_24997 (Reactome) AUF1 monomers form dimers which bind the U-rich sequences in AU-rich elements of mRNAs. Binding of the mRNA causes the dimers of AUF1 to form tetramers. Nonphosphorylated AUF1 isoform p40 causes the mRNA to form a rigid structure whereas p40 that is phosphorylated at serines 83 and 87 does not. This difference may cause nonphosphorylated p40 to fail to destabilize the bound mRNA.
REACT_25016 (Reactome) Protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha) phosphorylates HuR (ELAVL1) on serine221 and serine 158.
REACT_25067 (Reactome) HuR binds AU-rich elements of mRNAs. Bound HuR can form oligomers on longer AU-rich elements. Phosphorylated HuR binds mRNA more tightly than unphosphorylated HuR does.
REACT_25152 (Reactome) KSRP phosphorylated at serine193 binds 14-3-3zeta which impairs the ability of KSRP to destabilize RNA. Thus the RNAs become stabilized. KSRP is able to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. 14-3-3zeta is nucleoplasmic. Binding of KSRP to 14-3-3zeta causes KSRP to be retained in the nucleus.
REACT_25171 (Reactome) TTP is phosphorylated by MK2 at serines 60 and 186.
REACT_25187 (Reactome) KSRP is phosphorylated by activated protein kinase B/AKT at serine 193. Phosphorylation does not prevent KSRP from binding RNA.
REACT_25202 (Reactome) Protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) phosphorylates HuR (ELAVL1) at serine 221 and serine 318.
REACT_25230 (Reactome) KSRP (KHSRP) binds AU-rich regions of target RNAs via its four K-homology (KH) domains.
REACT_25257 (Reactome) KSRP (KHSRP) forms a complex with the PARN deadenylase, exosome components (3' to 5' mRNA decay), and the decapping enzyme DCP2. Tethering KSRP to a mRNA is sufficient to target the mRNA for degradation.
REACT_25265 (Reactome) BRF1 recruits RNA degradation activities to hydrolyze the RNA bound to BRF1. Coimmunoprecipitation has shown BRF1 interacts with the exosome (3' to 5' nuclease), XRN1 (5' to 3' nuclease), and DCP1a and DCP2 (decapping). BRF1 localizes RNAs to processing bodies, sites of translation repression and possible sites of RNA degradation.
REACT_25267 (Reactome) Tetrameric AUF1 bound to RNA forms a complex with other proteins, including elongation factor eIF4G, polyA-binding protein PABP, Hsp, Hsc70, and Hsp27. AUF1 also directly interacts with polyadenylate.
REACT_25272 (Reactome) Phosphorylated BRF1 interacts with 14-3-3, becomes localized to the cytoskeleton, and no longer promotes RNA degradation. Phosphorylated BRF1 is, however, still able to bind RNA.
REACT_25285 (Reactome) MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) phosphorylates BRF1 at serine 54, serine 92, serine 203, and an unknown site in the C terminus. Phosphorylation inhibits the ability of BRF1 to cause degradation of RNA. It is unknown if tetraphosphorylated BRF1 binds 14-3-3 in the same way as diphosphorylated BRF1 does.
REACT_25286 (Reactome) HuR interacts with SETalpha (Template activating factor 1), SETbeta (CAN/Nup214), APRIL, pp32, and the nuclear export factor CRM1.
REACT_25293 (Reactome) Butyrate response factor 1 (BRF1) binds AU-rich elements in the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs.
REACT_25297 (Reactome) TTP interacts directly with exonucleases (XRN1 and the exosome) and decapping enzymes (DCP1a and DCP2) which hydrolyze the mRNA bound by TTP. TTP also recruits PARN deadenylase, however a direct interaction between TTP and PARN has not been demonstrated.
REACT_25315 (Reactome) AUF1 is ubiquitinated at unknown sites. The number of ubiquitin molecules conjugated to AUF1 and their linkage is unknown. Ubiquitination is required for subsequent degradation of both AUF1 and the mRNA bound by AUF1. It is uncertain if AUF1 is in a larger complex when it is ubiquitinated.
REACT_25335 (Reactome) BRF1 is phosphorylated at Serine92 and Serine203 by Protein kinase B/AKT. Protein kinase B is activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phosphorylation of BRF1 does not interfere with the ability of BRF1 to bind RNA or interact with enzymes that catalyze RNA degradation therefore larger complexes may contain phosphorylated BRF1.
REACT_25343 (Reactome) Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of AUF1 and nuclease-dependent destruction of AUF1-bound mRNA are coupled in an unknown way. It is possible that ubiquitinated AUF1 targets other members of the AUF1 and signal transduction regulated complex (ASTRC), such as polyA-binding protein, for degradation and this renders the mRNA susceptible to nucleases.
REACT_25366 (Reactome) Tristetraprolin (TTP) binds UUAUUUAUU motifs in the AU-rich elements of mRNAs. TTP binds Transportin-1 (Importin beta-2) which plays a role in shuttling TTP between P-bodies and stress granules.
SETREACT_25286 (Reactome)
TNPO1REACT_25366 (Reactome)
TTP mRNA ComplexREACT_25171 (Reactome)
TTP mRNA ComplexREACT_25297 (Reactome)
UbREACT_25315 (Reactome)
XPO1REACT_25286 (Reactome)
XRN1REACT_25265 (Reactome)
XRN1REACT_25297 (Reactome)
YWHABREACT_24951 (Reactome)
YWHABREACT_24978 (Reactome)
YWHABREACT_25272 (Reactome)
YWHAZREACT_25152 (Reactome)
ZFP36L1REACT_25293 (Reactome)
ZFP36REACT_25366 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by AUF1REACT_24997 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by BRF1REACT_25293 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser158 and Ser318.REACT_24962 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR Phosphorylated on Ser221 and Ser318REACT_24973 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by HuR with Unknown PhosphorylationREACT_25067 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by KSRPREACT_25230 (Reactome)
mRNA Transcript Targeted by TristetraprolineREACT_25366 (Reactome)
p-S158,S221-ELAVL1ArrowREACT_25016 (Reactome)
p-S158,S221-ELAVL1REACT_24962 (Reactome)
p-S193-KHSRPArrowREACT_25187 (Reactome)
p-S193-KHSRPREACT_25152 (Reactome)
p-S221,S318-ELAVL1ArrowREACT_25202 (Reactome)
p-S221,S318-ELAVL1REACT_24973 (Reactome)
p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2REACT_25171 (Reactome)
p-T222,S272,T334-MAPKAPK2REACT_25285 (Reactome)
p-T244-TNFSF13ArrowREACT_24924 (Reactome)
p-T244-TNFSF13REACT_25286 (Reactome)
p-T308,S473-AKT1REACT_25187 (Reactome)
p-T308,S473-AKT1REACT_25335 (Reactome)
p-T692-KHSRPArrowREACT_24965 (Reactome)
Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2733"
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