2-acetyl-1-pyrroline pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)

From WikiPathways

Revision as of 22:48, 18 August 2016 by Ariutta (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
16Not in plantsFor details, see Bovet et al., 2010ChloroplastApoptosis, Stress-related metabolism,cell growth inhibitionMitochondrianitric oxide synthase GlutamineCatalystNOGlc/Pro1-deoxyosone fructoseglucoseHeat and glucoseMaillardarg decarboxylaseAcetyl groupglutamate N-acetyltransferase Nicotinatecitrulline Cysteine/cystinecarbamoyl-P-synthasePIInicotinate N-methyltransferase trigonelline agmatineL-arginino-succinateStreckerdelta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate2-acetyl-1-pyrrolinePyrroleornithine carbamoyltransferase 1-deoxy-2,3-glucosoneProlino+fructoseargininosuccinate lyase Pyrolysisdihiydro-diacetyl-formoincarbamoyl-phosphate argininosuccinate synthase adenosylmethionine decarboxylase9L-ornithine ammonia-lyase arginaseδ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase dehydrogenase4-amino-butyraldehyde4-amino-butyraldehydeN-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphateStrecker 2-oxopropanalN-acetyl-L-ornithinePutrescinebetaine aldehyde dehydrogenase BADH7, 20ornithine decarboxylase proline dehydrogenase 4, 16REDUCTASE 1-pyrrolineGlutamic-semialdehydePyrroline reductase polyamine oxidase 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase Spermidine14N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthaseL-ornithine acetylglutamate kinaseNicotine2-acetyl-1-pyrrolineChlorophyllMaillardGamma Aminobutyric AcidBADHArginineacetylornithine transaminase 2-oxopropanalS-adenosylmethionine spermidine synthase acetylornithine deacetylaseN-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde N-acetyl-glutamateOrn-δ-aminotransferase Glutamic acidProline


Description

No description

Comments

 
2AP pathway

Try the New WikiPathways

View approved pathways at the new wikipathways.org.

Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

View all...
  1. Bradbury; ''The gene for fragrance in rice''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Bradbury; , 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Chen; ''Badh2, Encoding Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Inhibits the Biosynthesis of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline, a Major Component in Rice Fragrance''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Schieberle; ''THE ROLE OF FREE AMINO ACIDS PRESENT IN YEAST AS PRECURSORS OF THE ODORANTS 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE AND 2-ACETYLTETRAHYDROPYRIDINE IN WHEAT BREAD CRUST''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. ''Process for the preparation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the basmati rice flavorant''; ,
  6. Zhang; ''Removal of feedback inhibition of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing the first two steps of proline biosynthesis in plants.''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. YOSHIHASHI; ''PRECURSORS OF 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE, A POTENT FLAVOR COMPOUND OF AN AROMATIC RICE VARIETY''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Kalamaki; ''Over-expression of a tomato N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthase gene (SlNAGS1) in Arabidopsis thaliana results in high ornithine levels and increased tolerance in salt and drought stresses''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. ''M2P_FPR_REP_Quarterly Scientific Reports Q3 2010.doc ''; PMI report, 2010
  10. Funck; ''Ornitine delta aminostransferase is essential for arginine catabolism but not for proline biosynthesis''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Szekely; ''DUPLICATED P5CS GENES OF ARABIDOPSIS PLAY DISTINCT ROLES IN STRESS REGULATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONTROL OF PROLINE BIOSYNTHESIS''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  12. ''Expression pattern of a nuclear encoded mitochondrial arginineornithine translocator gene from Arabidopsis''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  13. Slocum; ''Genes, enzymes and regulation of arginine biosynthesis in plants''; , 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  14. Turchetto-Zolet; ''The evolution of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase in plants: a key enzyme in proline synthesis''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  15. Sakthivel; ''Genetic and molecular basis of fragrance in rice''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  16. Thimmaraju,; ''In vitro culture of pandanus amaryllifolius and enhancement of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline the major flavoring compound of aromatic rice, by precursor feeding of L-proline''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  17. Małgorzata; ''Effect of Cysteine and Cystine Addition on Sensory Profile and Potent Odorants of Extruded Potato Snacks''; , 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  18. ''Image of alkaloids synthesis in Nicotiana''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  19. Verbruggen; ''Proline accumulation in plants: a review''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  20. Incharoensakdi A; ''Glu 103 Gln site-directed mutation causes an alteration in physical properties of spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  21. Buffo; ''Coffee flavour: an overview''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  22. Deuschle; ''THE ROLE OF [DELTA]1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE DEHYDROGENASE IN PROLINE DEGRADATION.''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  23. Chen YM, Ferrar TS, Lohmeier-Vogel EM, Morrice N, Mizuno Y, Berenger B, Ng KK, Muench DG, Moorhead GB; ''The PII signal transduction protein of Arabidopsis thaliana forms an arginine-regulated complex with plastid N-acetyl glutamate kinase.''; J Biol Chem, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  24. Slocum RD; ''Genes, enzymes and regulation of arginine biosynthesis in plants.''; Plant Physiol Biochem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  25. Kiyosue T, Yoshiba Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K; ''A nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in proline metabolism, is upregulated by proline but downregulated by dehydration in Arabidopsis.''; Plant Cell, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  26. YOSHIHASH; ''Formation of flavor compound in aromatic rice and its fluctuations with drought stress''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  27. Schieberle; ''formation of 2-acetyl-pyrroline and other important flavor compounds in wheat bread crust''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  28. Adams; ''Chemistry of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine, 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, and 5-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-thiazine: extraordinary Maillard flavor compounds.''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  29. Beker; ''THE PYROLYSIS OF TOBACCO INGREDIENTS''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  30. Heckman; ''THE ROLE OF TOBACCO LEAF PRECURSORS IN CIGARETTE FLAVOR''; , 1981 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  31. Pullabhatia; ''Process for the preparation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the basmati rice flavorant''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  32. Cona A, Manetti F, Leone R, Corelli F, Tavladoraki P, Polticelli F, Botta M; ''Molecular basis for the binding of competitive inhibitors of maize polyamine oxidase.''; Biochemistry, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  33. Huang; ''Delta1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid formed by proline dehydrogenase from the Bacillus subtilis ssp. natto expressed in Escherichia coli as a precursor for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  34. ''Ornithine biosynthesis enzymes''; US Patent 6184036, PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  35. Stránská; ''Ornithine delta-aminotransferase: An enzyme implicated in salt tolerance in higher plants.''; Plant Signal Behav (2008) 3: 929-35., PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  36. Harrison TJ, Dake GR; ''An expeditious, high-yielding construction of the food aroma compounds 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.''; J Org Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  37. Bovet; ''PMI document;''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  38. Kishor; ''Overexpression of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants.''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  39. Less; ''Principal transcriptional programs regulating plant amino Acid metabolism in response to abiotic stresses.''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  40. Hofmann; ''2-Oxopropanal, Hydroxy-2-propanone, and 1-PyrrolinesImportant Intermediates in the Generation of the Roast-Smelling Food Flavor Compounds 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-Acetyltetrahydropyridine''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  41. Hu CA, Delauney AJ, Verma DP; ''A bifunctional enzyme (delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) catalyzes the first two steps in proline biosynthesis in plants.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1992 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  42. ''Correlation between Ornithine Decarboxylase and Putrescine in Tomato Plants lnfected by Citrus Exocortis Viroid or Treated with Ethephon''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  43. Schmeltz; ''NITROGEN CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN TOBACCO AND TOBACCO SMOKE''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  44. Roosens; ''Overexpression of ornithine--aminotransferase increases proline biosynthesis and confers osmotolerance in transgenic plants''; Molecular Breeding, Volume 9, Number 2, 2002 , pp. 73-80(8), PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  45. Adams; ''Formation of pyrazines and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline by Bacillus cereus''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  46. Leffingwell; ''CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF TOBACCO LEAF AND DIFFERENCES AMONG TOBACCO TYPES''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  47. Singh; ''SNP haplotypes of the BADH1 gene and their association with aroma in rice (Oryza sativa L.)''; , 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  48. Niu; ''RNAi-directed downregulation of OsBADH2 results in aroma (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) production in rice (Oryza sativa L.)''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  49. ''GENETIC ENGINEERING OF THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF GLYCINEBETAINE LEADS TO INCREASED TOLERANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO SALT STRESS IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS.''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  50. Mohapatra S, Minocha R, Long S, Minocha SC; ''Transgenic manipulation of a single polyamine in poplar cells affects the accumulation of all amino acids.''; Amino Acids, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  51. ''Metabolic engineering in plants for food security''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  52. Blank; ''Formation of odorants in maillard model systems based on L-proline as affected by pH''; , 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  53. ''Molecular regulation of nicotine biosynthesis''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  54. Tischner R, Galli M, Heimer YM, Bielefeld S, Okamoto M, Mack A, Crawford NM; ''Interference with the citrulline-based nitric oxide synthase assay by argininosuccinate lyase activity in Arabidopsis extracts.''; FEBS J, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  55. Mayer; ''Polyamine Homeostasis in Transgenic Plants Overexpressing Ornithine Decarboxylase Includes Ornithine Limitation''; J. Biochem, 2003, Vol. 134, No. 5 765-772 © 2003 Japanese Biochemical Society, PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  56. huang; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  57. Bovet; ''GM approaches to modify proline content''; , 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  58. Adams; ''Chemistry of 2-AcetyM-pyrroline5 6-Acetyl-1525354-tetrahydropyridine5 2-Acetyl-2-thiazoline, and 5-Acetyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-thiazine: Extraordinary Maillard Flavor Compounds''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  59. Kenyon,; ''STIMULATION OF PHENOLICS FORMATION BY INHIBITION ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE AND GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  60. Hecht; ''Nitrogenous compounds in cigarette smoke and their possible precursors''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  61. Khuo; ''The Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BAD2) Gene Is not Responsible for the Aroma Trait of SA0420 Rice Mutant Derived by Sodium Azide Mutagenesis''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  62. Thimmaraju,; ''IN VITRO CULTURE OF PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS AND ENHANCEMENT OF 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE, THE MAJOR FLAVOURING COMPOUND OF AROMATIC RICE, BY PRECURSOR FEEDING OF L-PROLINE''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  63. Kochetov; ''TOBACCO TRANSFORMANTS BEARING ANTISENSE SUPPRESSOR OF PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE GENE, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY HIGHER PROLINE CONTENT AND CYTOPLASM OSMOTIC PRESSURE''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  64. Fitzegerald; ''second fragrance gene''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  65. Leffigwell; ''CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF TOBACCO LEAF AND DIFFERENCES AMONG TOBACCO TYPES''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  66. PATENT; ''Transgenic rice plants with reduced expression of Os2AP and elevated levels of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  67. Brownfield; ''Analysis of Arabidopsis arginase gene transcription patterns indicates specific biological functions for recently diverged paralogs''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  68. Munch; ''comparison of key odorants generated by thermal treatment of commercial and self-prepared yeast extracts''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  69. Schieberle; ''THE ROLE OF FREE AMINO ACIDS PRESENT IN YEAST AS PRECURSORS OF THE ODORANTS 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE AND 2-ACETYLTETRAHYDROPYRIDINE IN WHEAT BREAD CRUST''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  70. Huang et al.; ''BIOSYNTHETIC MECHANISM OF 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH 1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID AND METHYLGLYOXAL IN AROMATIC RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) CALLUS''; J agric Food Chem 56: 7399, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  71. Christlbauer; ''PMI document''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  72. Zheng; ''EXPRESSION OF THE SPINACH BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (BADH) GENE IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  73. Kerler; ''ALPHA-ACETYL-N-HETEROCYCLES IN THE MAILLARD REACTION''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  74. Kerler; ''ALPHA-ACETYL-N-HETEROCYCLES IN THE MAILLARD REACTION''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  75. ''Hypersensitivity of an Arabidopsis Sugar Signaling Mutant toward Exogenous Proline Application''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  76. Hofmann; ''Flavor Contribution and Formation of the Intense Roast-Smelling Odorants 2-Propionyl-1-pyrroline and 2-Propionyltetrahydropyridine in Maillard-Type Reactions"''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  77. Rodgman and Perfetti; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  78. Shoji; ''Clustered Transcription Factor Genes Regulate Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco''; , 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  79. ISHIHARA A., MATSUDA F., MIYAGAWA H., WAKASA K.; ''METABOLOMICS FOR METABOLICALLY MANIPULATED PLANTS: EFFECTS OF TRYPTOPHAN OVERPRODUCTION''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  80. PATENT; ''NUCLEIC ACIDS THAT ENHANCE THE SYNTHESIS OF 2-ACETYL-l-PYRROLINE IN PLANTS AND FUNGI''; http://disco.app.pmi/disco/drl/objectId/0901d4ec80014b01,
  81. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  82. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  83. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  84. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  85. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  86. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  87. Fitzgerald TL, Waters DL, Henry RJ; ''Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in plants.''; Plant Biol (Stuttg), 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  88. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  89. Hanzawa Y, Imai A, Michael AJ, Komeda Y, Takahashi T; ''Characterization of the spermidine synthase-related gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana.''; FEBS Lett, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  90. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  91. Deuschle K, Funck D, Forlani G, Stransky H, Biehl A, Leister D, van der Graaff E, Kunze R, Frommer WB; ''The role of [Delta]1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase in proline degradation.''; Plant Cell, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  92. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  93. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  94. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  95. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  96. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  97. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  98. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  99. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  100. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  101. Huang TC, Huang YW, Hung HJ, Ho CT, Wu ML; ''Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid formed by proline dehydrogenase from the Bacillus subtilis ssp. natto expressed in Escherichia coli as a precursor for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.''; J Agric Food Chem, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  102. Park SJ, Cho YD; ''Identification of functionally important residues of Arabidopsis thaliana S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.''; J Biochem, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  103. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  104. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  105. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  106. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  107. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  108. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
125975view14:18, 23 March 2023Mkutmonfixed some of the publication references
117228view09:44, 19 May 2021EweitzModified title
111761view14:33, 5 September 2020DeSlUpdated ID for BADH
105904view11:36, 16 August 2019MkutmonHMDB identifier normalization
102413view08:46, 23 December 2018EgonwCompleted a few references.
96603view10:55, 23 March 2018EgonwReplaced a secondary ChEBI identifier with a primary identifier.
96262view19:36, 2 March 2018EgonwReplaced a Wikipedia URL with the corresponding Wikidata ID.
94916view00:39, 13 October 2017Khanspersupdate in progress
92695view18:57, 28 June 2017Khansperscleanup
92691view18:41, 28 June 2017Khansperscleanup
92690view18:25, 28 June 2017Khanspersupdates to style
91901view20:44, 3 April 2017KhanspersModified description
91899view20:29, 3 April 2017KhanspersRemoved comment
89052view22:48, 18 August 2016AriuttaOntology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
89050view22:44, 18 August 2016AriuttaConsistent TextLabel for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Annotate as CHEBI:67125.
89049view22:31, 18 August 2016AriuttaModified title
85617view09:47, 3 June 2016EgonwNumeric NCBI gene ID for the gene.
80415view17:57, 18 June 2015KhanspersModified title
80406view09:17, 16 June 2015Mkutmonremoved whitespaces from identifiers
79837view07:49, 18 April 2015EgonwFixed the PubChem-compound data source names, and looked up the CID for PubChem-substance identifiers.
79824view08:25, 17 April 2015EgonwFixed the PubChem-compound data source name.
79800view16:19, 16 April 2015Mkutmonfixed unconnected lines
79683view19:27, 4 April 2015AlexanderPicoModified title
79663view08:33, 2 April 2015EgonwUpdated a few 'PubChem' identifiers to be 'PubChem-compound' identifiers.
79662view08:14, 2 April 2015EgonwUpdated the 'Enzyme Nomenclature' data source name.
79661view08:13, 2 April 2015EgonwUpdated the 'KEGG Compound' data source name.
79660view06:00, 2 April 2015EgonwFixed the type of two metabolites.
79614view21:36, 27 March 2015CarlopozziNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
2-oxopropanalMetabolite880 (PubChem-compound) this is the active sugar fragment in the formation of 2AP
trigonelline Metabolite535-83-1 (CAS)
1-deoxy-2,3-glucosoneMetabolite
1-deoxyosone fructoseMetabolite470-23-5 (CAS)
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase GeneProduct836373 (Entrez Gene) R00707
1-pyrrolineMetabolite79803 (PubChem-compound)
2-acetyl-1-pyrrolineMetaboliteCHEBI:67125 (ChEBI) 99583-29-6 CAS
4-amino-butyraldehydeMetaboliteC00555 (KEGG Compound)
Acetyl group
ArginineMetabolite5231987 (PubChem-compound)
  • Not found in smoke
  • N storage form in plants
BADHGeneProduct
CatalystGeneProduct3.5.3.11 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
ChlorophyllMetaboliteC05307 (KEGG Compound)
Cysteine/cystineMetabolite
Gamma Aminobutyric AcidMetabolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid (Wikipedia)
Glc/ProMetabolite
Glutamic acidMetabolite5460299 (PubChem-compound)
  • one of the major sources of free aa in burley
  • Present even in smoke
Glutamic-semialdehydeMetabolite193305 (PubChem-compound)
GlutamineMetabolite56-85-9 (CAS)
Heat and glucose
L-arginino-succinateMetaboliteC03406 (KEGG Compound)
L-ornithine Metabolite6992088 (PubChem-compound)
  • Present even in smoke
  • when ornithine was used in a thermal desorber, traces amounts of 2AP were formed
L-ornithine ammonia-lyase GeneProduct4.3.1.12 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R00671
MaillardR0013PMI
N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde Metabolite192878 (PubChem-compound)
N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthaseGeneProduct2.3.1.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R00259
N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphateMetabolite440236 (PubChem-compound)
N-acetyl-L-ornithineMetabolite439232 (PubChem-compound)
N-acetyl-glutamateMetaboliteC00624 (KEGG Compound)
NOMetabolite10102-43-9 (CAS)
NicotinateMetaboliteC00253 (KEGG Compound)
NicotineMetabolite
Orn-δ-aminotransferase GeneProduct2.6.1.13 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
PIIGeneProduct
ProlineMetabolite25246272 (PubChem-compound)
  • Proline in burley: Sweet, caramelized, slightly ash like, rather flat Nutty/Toasted, Sweet, earthy. Proline in FC: Slightly phenolic, smokey, nutty/ pyrazine, meaty, slightly green/ vegetable, acidic Smoky, ashes like, toasted, earthy
  • Present even in Smoke (Schmeltz and Hoffman, 1977)
  • increase (anomaly) during curing for both FC and AC
  • More proline in green does not translate into more proline in cured (Bovet et al., 2010, Q2 report)
Prolino+fructoseMetabolite
  • The addition of proline + fructose in Burley tobacco reduced typical Burley harshness and provided some sweetness, thereby confirming the evaluation made by F. Aramendy and S. Battram (see above). On the other hand, addition of proline + fructose in FC tobacco showed no significant difference at 95% confidence level.
  • • The addition of proline plus fructose or prolinofructose enhances nutty/roasted notes in distillation in both cut-filler and tobacco extrudate most likely due, based on GC-O analyses, to the formation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (pop-corn) in the aerosol
PutrescineMetaboliteC00134 (KEGG Compound)
Pyrolysis
PyrroleMetabolite109-97-7 (CAS) pyrrole is not the major decomposition product of proline under smoking conditions
Pyrroline reductase GeneProduct1.5.1.2 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R01248
REDUCTASE GeneProduct1.2.1.38 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R03443
S-adenosylmethionine Metabolite24762165 (PubChem-compound)
SpermidineMetabolite6992097 (PubChem-compound) used in tobacco, in thermal desorbtion, in comb. with 2-oxopropanol
StreckerR0012PMI
acetylglutamate kinaseGeneProduct2.7.2.8 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R02649
acetylornithine deacetylaseGeneProduct3.5.1.16 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • R00669
  • R00669
acetylornithine transaminase GeneProduct2.6.1.11 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • Available also in tomato
  • R02283
adenosylmethionine decarboxylase GeneProduct
agmatineMetaboliteC00179 (KEGG Compound)
arg decarboxylaseGeneProduct4.1.1.19 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
arginaseGeneProduct3.5.3.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R02458
argininosuccinate lyase GeneProduct4.3.2.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
argininosuccinate synthase GeneProduct6.3.4.5 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase BADHGeneProductC00555 (KEGG Compound) R02549
carbamoyl-P-synthaseGeneProduct6.3.5.5 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
carbamoyl-phosphate MetaboliteC00169 (KEGG Compound)
citrulline MetaboliteC00327 (KEGG Compound)
dehydrogenaseGeneProduct1.5.1.12 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
delta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylateMetaboliteC03912 (KEGG Compound)
dihiydro-diacetyl-formoinMetabolite
glucoseMetabolite
glutamate N-acetyltransferase GeneProduct2.3.1.35 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
nicotinate N-methyltransferase GeneProduct2.1.1.7 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
nitric oxide synthase GeneProduct1.14.13.39 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
ornithine carbamoyltransferase GeneProduct2.1.3.3 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
ornithine decarboxylase GeneProduct4.1.1.17 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R00670
polyamine oxidase GeneProduct1.5.99.6 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R01915
proline dehydrogenase GeneProduct1.5.99.8 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • R01248
  • R01253 corresponding to 1.5.99.8
spermidine synthase GeneProduct2.5.1.16 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • R01151
  • R01155
  • R08714
  • R01920 sperimidine synthase
δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase GeneProduct1.5.1.12 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • NtPMIestA83C_CL2057Contig2
  • R00245

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2909"
Personal tools