COPI-mediated anterograde transport (Homo sapiens)

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9, 36, 41, 51, 65...23, 34, 41, 50, 51, 75...7, 10, 14, 15, 37...6, 16, 18, 19, 21...9, 18, 25, 42-44, 64...9, 13, 26, 39, 8621, 59, 681, 2, 9, 17, 20...9, 76, 85, 918, 9, 45, 52, 703, 5, 11, 35, 58...9, 26, 31, 39, 42...4, 12, 58, 91endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membranetransport vesicleGolgi lumencytosolDCTN3 BET1 GPI-FOLR1 GPI-FOLR1 DYNLL2 KDELR1 RAB1B ARCN1 ANK3 GPI-CD59 ARF3 ANK3 RAB1:GDPTMED3 TMED9 ATPGPI-CD59 GOLGA2 SPTB COPG2 SPTAN1 SPTB ARCN1 DCTN2 ANK2 TMED10 TMED3 ARF5 GPI-CD55 ARF3 ARFGAP3 TMED7 COG1 KDELR1 COPB1 ACTR10 TMED7 ARF5 GOSR2RAB1A PalmC-YKT66xHC-INS(25-110) GTP KDELR3 Microtubule protofilament GTP USO1 COG3 STX5 RAB1B ARFGAP1 COPB2 GTP BET1LBET1 COPA GTP RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomerNAPG SPTBN2 GPI-CD59 TMED3 GDP DCTN6 TMED10 COG7 BET1 SNAPsANK2 SPTA1 COPB1 GPI-CD55 RAB1B RAB1B BET1L COPZ2 RAB1A TMEM115GOSR2 ANK1 ANK3 NAPB COPG1 BET1L COPE Spectrin tetramerCOPB1 COPZ1 GPI-CD55 GBF1 CAPZB DCTN1 TMED10 SPTBN1 COPE ARFGAP3 TMEM115 COPZ1 ARF3 BET1 COPB1 SPTB COPG2 COPA STX5 RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomer:ARFGAP1,2,3:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrinCOG4 COG4 COPA ANK1 RAB1B GOSR1GOLGB1 ARF1 TMED7 GPI-FOLR1 GBF1 COPZ2 GPI-FOLR1 RAB1A GOLGA2:GORASP1ACTR1A KDELR1 TMED7 KDELR3 cis-Golgi t-SNARESGPI-CD55 USO1 TMED2 ARF1 RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrinTMED7 RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:GOLGB1:TMEM115COPG2 COG2 NAPA SPTB SPTBN4 NAPA 6xHC-INS(25-110) RAB1B TMED2 GOLGA2 COPG2 TMED3 TMED10 SPTA1 RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1COPB2 BET1L USO1 KDELR2 COPZ1 ARF5 COG3 COPG2 ARF1 TMED10 ARCN1 GOSR2 BET1 ARCN1 TMED2 SPTAN1 COG8 GOSR2 COPE SPTBN2 BET1 GOSR1 RAB1A COPZ2 NAPG SPTA1 GTP ARFGAP2 DYNC1I2 RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTPDYNLL1 GOLGB1 GOSR1 COPG1 PalmC-YKT6 COG complexPalmC-YKT6Microtubule protofilament GOLGB1 homodimercis-Golgi cis SNAREbundleDYNLL1 TMED10 ANK2 RAB1:GTP:USO1coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:anykrin:spectrin:dynein:dynactin:microtubulesTMED9 GPI-CD59 GOLGB1 BET1COG8 GBF1 ANK2 RAB1B SPTBN5 COG1 ARF4 ACTR1A COPA COPB1 RAB1B ARF5 COPB1 COPZ2 COG7 DCTN2 KDELR1 KDELR2 TMED2 COPE SPTBN4 CAPZA2 GPI-CD55 GBF1 SPTBN5 COPB2 TMED2 COG2 ANK3 SPTBN1 SPTBN5 RAB1A KDELR2 ATPSPTB KDELR2 TMED3 ANK2 CAPZA3 SPTBN2 GOSR1 COG5 ARF3 GORASP1 KDELR2 GTP COPE PalmC-YKT6 DYNC1H1 SPTBN5 ANK2 GPI-FOLR1 TMEM115 GTP ARF4 DCTN4 USO1 homodimerCOPB1 CAPZA2 CAPZA1 DYNLL2 DCTN5 COG5 DYNC1LI1 KDELR1 CAPZA1 COPA TMED3 RAB1:GTPCOPG1 COG5 DYNC1LI1 DYNC1LI2 Dynein:Dynactin:microtubuleKDELR3 6xHC-INS(25-110) TMED10 RAB1B COG4 SPTBN2 BET1 RAB1A STX5 ARCN1 GPI-CD59 SPTAN1 NSF GPI-FOLR1 GORASP1 TMED10 COPG2 ARFGAP1 ERGIC-to-cis-GolgicargoTMED7 RAB1A ARF5 ARCN1 TMED3 KDELR2 COPG1 p24 dimersCOG2 RAB1A GDP DCTN6 SPTA1 USO1 KDELR1 ANK1 COPB2 PalmC-YKT6 COPE COPG2 COPZ2 GPI-CD55 ARFGAP2 COPG1 COG3 ARFGAP1,2,3p24 dimersCOG6 RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GDPCOPG1 NAPB SPTBN4 GPI-CD59 ARF4 ARCN1 GBF1 ARF1 KDELR2 BET1 PalmC-YKT6 6xHC-INS(25-110) AnkyrinSPTAN1 KDELR3 DCTN1 SPTBN2 COPZ2 COPZ1 PalmC-YKT6 COPZ1 ERGIC-to-cis-GolgicargoTMED9 CAPZB TMED9 COPB2 COPZ1 TMED2 KDELR3 COG7 ANK3 DYNC1H1 KDELR1 TMED2 NSF hexamerPalmC-YKT6 GOSR1 GPI-FOLR1 BET1 COG8 coatomerCOG1 SPTBN1 COG6 TMED9 ARF:GDPARF3 COPB2 GTP TMED10 SPTBN5 SPTA1 SPTBN4 DYNC1I1 GORASP1 DYNC1LI2 RAB1B SPTBN1 SPTBN1 RAB1A TMED2 NSF 6xHC-INS(25-110) GTP GBF1cis-SNARE:3xSNAP:NSFhexamerKDELR3 USO1 RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:TMEM115:cis-SNARE complexGOLGA2 ARF1 SPTAN1 COPA 6xHC-INS(25-110) GPI-CD59 SPTBN5 GPI-CD55 STX5 PalmC-YKT6 RAB1A SPTAN1 COPB2 BET1 USO1 GDP DCTN3 CAPZA3 ANK1 ANK1 ACTR10 STX5TMED7 PiSPTBN4 ANK1 COPA COG6 GTP DYNC1I2 DYNC1I1 BET1L TMED2 TMED9 DCTN5 SPTBN2 SPTBN1 GOSR2 COPE ARF4 ADPRAB1A SPTBN4 SPTB SPTA1 COPZ2 USO1 USO1 ARF4 COPG1 ANK3 USO1 COPZ1 RAB1B DCTN4 TMED9 USO1 KDELR3 6xHC-INS(25-110) 98989898989898


Description

The ERGIC (ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment, also known as vesicular-tubular clusters, VTCs) is a stable, biochemically distinct compartment located adjacent to ER exit sites (Ben-Tekaya et al, 2005; reviewed in Szul and Sztul, 2011). The ERGIC concentrates COPII-derived cargo from the ER for further anterograde transport to the cis-Golgi and also recycles resident ER proteins back to the ER through retrograde traffic. Both of these pathways appear to make use of microtubule-directed COPI-coated vesicles (Pepperkok et al, 1993; Presley et al, 1997; Scales et al, 1997; Stephens and Pepperkok, 2002; Stephens et al, 2000; reviewed in Lord et al, 2001; Spang et al, 2013). View original pathway at:Reactome.

Comments

Reactome-Converter 
Pathway is converted from Reactome ID: 6807878
Reactome-version 
Reactome version: 66
Reactome Author 
Reactome Author: Rothfels, Karen

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114968view16:49, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113412view11:48, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112614view15:59, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101690view14:18, 1 November 2018DeSlOntology Term : 'transport pathway' added !
101530view11:40, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101065view21:22, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100729view20:11, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
6xHC-INS(25-110) ProteinP01308 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACTR10 ProteinQ9NZ32 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACTR1A ProteinP61163 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ANK1 ProteinP16157 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ANK2 ProteinQ01484 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ANK3 ProteinQ12955 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARCN1 ProteinP48444 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARF1 ProteinP84077 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARF3 ProteinP61204 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARF4 ProteinP18085 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARF5 ProteinP84085 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARF:GDPComplexR-HSA-6807786 (Reactome)
ARFGAP1 ProteinQ8N6T3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARFGAP1,2,3ComplexR-HSA-6807832 (Reactome)
ARFGAP2 ProteinQ8N6H7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARFGAP3 ProteinQ9NP61 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
AnkyrinComplexR-HSA-427190 (Reactome)
BET1 ProteinO15155 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BET1L ProteinQ9NYM9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BET1LProteinQ9NYM9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BET1ProteinO15155 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CAPZA1 ProteinP52907 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CAPZA2 ProteinP47755 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CAPZA3 ProteinQ96KX2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CAPZB ProteinP47756 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG complexComplexR-HSA-6808819 (Reactome)
COG1 ProteinQ8WTW3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG2 ProteinQ14746 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG3 ProteinQ96JB2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG4 ProteinQ9H9E3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG5 ProteinQ9UP83 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG6 ProteinQ9Y2V7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG7 ProteinP83436 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COG8 ProteinQ96MW5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPA ProteinP53621 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPB1 ProteinP53618 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPB2 ProteinP35606 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPE ProteinO14579 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPG1 ProteinQ9Y678 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPG2 ProteinQ9UBF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPZ1 ProteinP61923 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPZ2 ProteinQ9P299 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN1 ProteinQ14203 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN2 ProteinQ13561 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN3 ProteinO75935 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN4 ProteinQ9UJW0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN5 ProteinQ9BTE1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN6 ProteinO00399 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC1H1 ProteinQ14204 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC1I1 ProteinO14576 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC1I2 ProteinQ13409 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC1LI1 ProteinQ9Y6G9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC1LI2 ProteinO43237 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNLL1 ProteinP63167 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNLL2 ProteinQ96FJ2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Dynein:Dynactin:microtubuleComplexR-HSA-2029135 (Reactome)
ERGIC-to-cis-Golgi cargoComplexR-HSA-6807816 (Reactome)
ERGIC-to-cis-Golgi cargoComplexR-HSA-6808909 (Reactome)
GBF1 ProteinQ92538 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GBF1ProteinQ92538 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GDP MetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GOLGA2 ProteinQ08379 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GOLGA2:GORASP1ComplexR-HSA-6808820 (Reactome)
GOLGB1 ProteinQ14789 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GOLGB1 homodimerComplexR-HSA-6810505 (Reactome)
GORASP1 ProteinQ9BQQ3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GOSR1 ProteinO95249 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GOSR1ProteinO95249 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GOSR2 ProteinO14653 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GOSR2ProteinO14653 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPI-CD55 ProteinP08174 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPI-CD59 ProteinP13987 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPI-FOLR1 ProteinP15328 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTP MetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
KDELR1 ProteinP24390 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KDELR2 ProteinP33947 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KDELR3 ProteinO43731 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Microtubule protofilament R-HSA-8982424 (Reactome)
NAPA ProteinP54920 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NAPB ProteinQ9H115 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NAPG ProteinQ99747 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NSF ProteinP46459 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NSF hexamerComplexR-HSA-2193131 (Reactome)
PalmC-YKT6 ProteinO15498 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PalmC-YKT6ProteinO15498 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PiMetaboliteCHEBI:18367 (ChEBI)
RAB1:GDPComplexR-HSA-5694296 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GDPComplexR-HSA-6807803 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomer:ARFGAP1,2,3:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrinComplexR-HSA-6807825 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomerComplexR-HSA-6807822 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTPComplexR-HSA-6807820 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1ComplexR-HSA-6807800 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1 coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:anykrin:spectrin:dynein:dynactin:microtubulesComplexR-HSA-6808904 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:GOLGB1:TMEM115ComplexR-HSA-6808912 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrinComplexR-HSA-6808903 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:TMEM115:cis-SNARE complexComplexR-HSA-6808913 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTPComplexR-HSA-6807799 (Reactome)
RAB1A ProteinP62820 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAB1B ProteinQ9H0U4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SNAPsComplexR-HSA-5694313 (Reactome)
SPTA1 ProteinP02549 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SPTAN1 ProteinQ13813 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SPTB ProteinP11277 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SPTBN1 ProteinQ01082 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SPTBN2 ProteinO15020 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SPTBN4 ProteinQ9H254 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SPTBN5 ProteinQ9NRC6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STX5 ProteinQ13190 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STX5ProteinQ13190 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Spectrin tetramerComplexR-HSA-420053 (Reactome) Spectrin assembles into heterodimers of alpha and beta spectrin, these then associate in a head to tail tetramer arrangement, the beta chains binding an actin filaments at either end of the tetramer. The actin filaments act as nodes for the attachment of several (5 or 6) spectrin tetramers, allowing the formation of a lattice of pentagonal or hexagonal spectrin structures.
TMED10 ProteinP49755 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMED2 ProteinQ15363 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMED3 ProteinQ9Y3Q3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMED7 ProteinQ9Y3B3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMED9 ProteinQ9BVK6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMEM115 ProteinQ12893 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMEM115ProteinQ12893 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
USO1 ProteinO60763 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
USO1 homodimerComplexR-HSA-5694302 (Reactome)
cis-Golgi cis SNARE bundleComplexR-HSA-6809000 (Reactome)
cis-Golgi t-SNARESComplexR-HSA-6807834 (Reactome)
cis-SNARE:3xSNAP:NSF hexamerComplexR-HSA-6808999 (Reactome)
coatomerComplexR-HSA-6807805 (Reactome)
p24 dimersComplexR-HSA-6807812 (Reactome)
p24 dimersComplexR-HSA-6808871 (Reactome)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADPArrowR-HSA-6807868 (Reactome)
ARF:GDPArrowR-HSA-6807877 (Reactome)
ARF:GDPR-HSA-6807866 (Reactome)
ARFGAP1,2,3ArrowR-HSA-6807877 (Reactome)
ARFGAP1,2,3R-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-6807868 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
AnkyrinArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
AnkyrinR-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
BET1ArrowR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
BET1LArrowR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
COG complexArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
COG complexR-HSA-6809006 (Reactome)
Dynein:Dynactin:microtubuleArrowR-HSA-6809006 (Reactome)
Dynein:Dynactin:microtubuleR-HSA-6809003 (Reactome)
ERGIC-to-cis-Golgi cargoArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
ERGIC-to-cis-Golgi cargoR-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
GBF1ArrowR-HSA-6807877 (Reactome)
GBF1R-HSA-6807864 (Reactome)
GOLGA2:GORASP1ArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
GOLGA2:GORASP1R-HSA-6809006 (Reactome)
GOLGB1 homodimerArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
GOLGB1 homodimerR-HSA-6809006 (Reactome)
GOSR1ArrowR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
GOSR2ArrowR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
NSF hexamerR-HSA-6809014 (Reactome)
PalmC-YKT6ArrowR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
PalmC-YKT6R-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
PiArrowR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
R-HSA-6807864 (Reactome) In its GTP-bound active state, RAB1 recruits the ARF GEF GBF1 to the ERGIC (Monetta et al, 2007). GBF1 is the only ARF activator required for the formation of COPI coats, and it therefore has roles in the anterograde ERGIC-to-cis-Golgi pathway as well as in COPI-mediated retrograde transport within the Golgi and back to the ERGIC and ER (Kawamoto et al, 2002; Szul et al, 2005; Zhao et al, 2006; Szul et al, 2007; reviewed in Szul and Sztul, 2011). GBF1 activates ARF4 which is concentrated at the ERGIC compartment, but also ARF1 and ARF5 which have more generalized localization within the secretory pathway (Volpicelli-Daley et al, 2005; Chun et al, 2008; reviewed in D'Souza-Schorey and Chavrier, 2006). GBF1 also interacts with the USO1 homodimer, a long coiled-coil tethering factor (Garcia-Mata and Sztul, 2003).
R-HSA-6807866 (Reactome) GBF1 recruits inactive ARF:GDP complexes to the ERGIC (Monetta et al, 2007). There are 5 known ADP-ribosylation factor proteins (ARFs) in the human cell. Class I members ARF1 and ARF 3 are expressed at high levels and broadly distributed through the secretory system, while Class II members ARF4 and ARF5 are expressed at lower levels, with ARF4 showing the most specific localization to the ERGIC compartment. ARF6, the single Class III ARF, appears to function more specifically in endocytosis and actin dynamics (Chun et al, 2008; reviewed in D'Souza-Schorey and Chavrier, 2006; Szul and Sztul, 2011). There is conflicting evidence regarding what ARF(s) is required at the ERGIC membrane. GBF1 has been shown to activate ARF1, 4, and 5, but not ARF3, while single and pairwise knockdown of ARF1, 3, 4 and 5 suggests that although no single ARF is responsible for any given step in the secretory pathway, ARF1 and ARF3 contribute most specifically to the ERGIC-Golgi step (Manolea et al, 2010; Volpicelli-Daley et al, 2005). Recruitment of ARF at may also be facilitated by interaction with p24 family members (Gommel et al, 2001; reviewed in Schuiki and Volchuk, 2012).
R-HSA-6807868 (Reactome) GBF1 facilitates the exchange of GDP for GTP, activating ARF (Niu et al, 2005; Szul et al, 2005; Szul et al, 2007; Kawamoto et al, 2002; reviewed in Szul and Sztul, 2011).
R-HSA-6807872 (Reactome) Activation of ARF is tightly linked to the recruitment of the COPI coat (Donaldson et al, 1991; Serafini et al, 1991; Donaldson et el, 1992; Palmer et al, 1993; reveiwed in Szul and Sztul, 2011). Studies in yeast and in mammalian cells support a direct interaction between the GTPase and components of the COPI coat; recruitment may also be facilitated by interactions with p24 family members (Zhao et al, 1997; Zhao et al, 1999; Zhao et al, 2006; Eugster et al, 2000; Aguillera-Ramiero et al, 2008; Sun et al, 2007; Yu et al, 2012; Harter and Wieland, 1998; Bethune et al, 2006; reviewed in Popoff et al, 2011). The COPI coat consists of 7 subunits arranged in 2 subcomplexes. The inner coat is made up of a tetrameric complex consisting of the beta, gamma, zeta and delta COPI subunits, while the outer coat is a trimer consisting of the alpha, beta prime and epsilon subunits (Eugster et al, 2000; Waters et al, 1991). Both of the zeta and gamma subunits have 2 isoforms with different subcellular locations, suggesting that different COPI coats may mediate different steps of the secretory pathway (Moelleken et al, 2007). Unlike the case for COPII or clathrin coats, all components of the COPI coat are recruited simultaneously as a preformed heptameric complex (Hara-Kuge et al, 1994)
R-HSA-6807875 (Reactome) Binding and polymerization of the coatomer (the COPI coat) is coordinated with the incorporation of cargo proteins and Golgi-targeting snares, as well as with recruitment of ARFGAP proteins (Letourneur et al, 1994; Nagahama et al,1996; Bremser et al, 1999).
Typical model cargo for COPI-mediated trafficking includes the viral glycoprotein VSV-G and proinsulin as well as the KDEL receptors, which bind and recycle ER-resident proteins and which themselves must be returned to post-ER compartments (Cosson and Letourner, 1994; Ben-Tekaya et al, 2005; Majoul et al, 2001; Orci et al, 1997, Bremser et al, 1999; Presley et al, 1997; reviewed in Beck et al, 2009).
Other protein components of the COPI vesicle include the p24 family of proteins, which serve diverse roles in the early secretory pathway (reviewed in Schuiki and Volchuk, 2012). Oligomeric p24 proteins interact with ADP-bound ARF and components of the COPI coat, contributing to coatomer recruitment and oligomerization (Gommel et al, 2001; Majoul et al, 2001; Bethune et al, 2006; Harter and Wieland, 1998; Langer et al, 2008; Reinhard et al, 1999). The p24 proteins also act as cargo receptors for various proteins destined for packaging in COPI vesicles; these include GPI-anchored transmembrane proteins, WNT ligands and some G-protein coupled receptors (Takida et al, 2008; Bonnon et al, 2010; Luo et al, 2011; Beuchling et al, 2011; Wang and Kazanietz, 2002; reviewed in Schuiki and Volchuk, 2012). Finally, the p24 proteins contribute to COPI coat disassembly by restricting ARF GTPase activity until cargo has been loaded (Goldberg, 2000; Lanoix et al, 2001).
ARFGAPs are recruited to the budding vesicle through direct interaction with active ARF, the cytoplasmic tails of cargo proteins and with components of the COPI coat (Goldberg, 2000; Majoul et al, 2001; Aoe et al, 1997; Kliouchnikov et al, 2009; Luo et al, 2009). Stimulation of ARF GTPase activity is coordinated with cargo recruitment to ensure that only cargo-loaded vesicles are produced (Goldberg, 2000; Luo et al, 2009).
Mammalian cells have 3 ARFGAPs that appear to be involved in COPI-mediated traffic, ARFGAP1,2 and 3 (Frigerio et al, 2007; Liu et al, 2001; Kahn et al, 2008). ARFGAP1 has a ALPS domain that recognizes membrane curvature and that is required for the GTPase stimulating activity of the protein, suggesting a mechanism for coordinating ARF1-mediated GTP hydrolysis with vesicle formation (Bigay et al, 2003; Mesmin et al, 2007). ARFGAP 2 and 3 do not contain this motif, and their activity is dependent upon interaction with coatomer (Weimar et al 2008; Kliouchnikov et al, 2009; Luo et al, 2009).
Finally, there is evidence that components of the ankyin/spectrin skeleton may be incorporated in the nascent COPI vesicle, acting as a bridge between cargo proteins and the dynein-dynactin complex required for their transport to the Golgi (Devarajan et al, 1997; Godi et al, 1998; Holleran et al, 1996; Holleran et al, 2001).
R-HSA-6807877 (Reactome) The ARFGAP proteins stimulates ARF GTPase activity, promoting the release of the nascent COPI vesicle from the membrane and release of ARF:ADP (Tanigawa et al, 1993; reviewed in Beck et al, 2009; East and Kahn, 2011). Although this reaction shows their dissociation, it is not clear whether ARFGAPs persist on the COPI vesicle after GTP hydrolysis, nor is it known when GBF is released from the nascent COPI vesicle.

R-HSA-6809003 (Reactome) Unlike COPII-mediated traffic from the ER, COPI traffic to the Golgi is microtubule- and dynein-dependent (Scales et al, 1997; Presley et al, 1997; Ben-Tekaya et al, 2005). Recruitment of the dynein:dynactin complex may in turn rely on interaction with the ankyrin-spectrin network, which may contact integral membrane cargo proteins as they are incorporated into nascent COPI vesicles (Devarajan et al, 1997; Godi et al, 1998; Holleran et al, 1996; Holleran et al, 2001). Although not depicted in this reaction, dynein-dependent vesicle transport is energy dependent.
R-HSA-6809006 (Reactome) Vesicles tethering at the cis-Golgi is mediated both by long coiled-coil tethers and by large multisubunit complexes. Vesicle-bound USO1 homodimers associate with the Golgi localized GOLGA2:GORASP1 complex and with the Golgi-localized octameric COG tethering complex (Allan et al, 2000; Moyer et al, 2001; Weide et al, 2001; Nakamura et al, 1997; Seeman et al, 2000; Sohda et al, 2007). GOLGB1 is another Golgi localized tether that may facilitate vesicle tethering at the cis-Golgi, although it is also implicated in intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking (Linstedt and Hauri, 1993; Sonnichsen et al, 1998; Alvarez et al, 2001; Beard et al, 2005; reviewed in Appenzeller-Herzog et al, 2006). In addition to binding to USO1, the COG complex also interacts with components of the COPI coat, as well as with SNARE proteins and the TMEM115 protein (Suvorova et al, 2002; Zolov et al, 2005; Shestakova et al, 2007; Ong et al, 2014; reviewed in Willet et al, 2013).
R-HSA-6809010 (Reactome) The mechanisms of COPI vesicle uncoating are not well established (reviewed in Szul and Sztul, 2011). Coat dissociation may be promoted by changes in protein-protein interactions upon vesicle tethering, as has been suggested for retrograde COPI-traffic to the ER (Zink et al, 2009). After uncoating and membrane fusion, the SNARE complex exists as a four-helix bundle that must be "unzipped" (dissociated) by NSF for reuse, an energetically costly event (reviewed in Hong and Lev, 2014; Sudhof and Rothman, 2009).
R-HSA-6809011 (Reactome) Membrane fusion is mediated by the zippering of a four membered anti-parallel helix bundle formed by the v-SNARE and the three t-SNARES. t-SNARE complexes that are found at the cis-Golgi include STX5:GOSR1:GOSR2, STX5:GOSR1:BET1 and STX5:GOSR1:BET1L among others (Xu et al, 2002; Zhang et al 1997; Volchuk et al, 2004; reviewed in Willet et al, 2014; Szul and Sztul, 2011)
R-HSA-6809014 (Reactome) After membrane fusion, the cis-SNARE complex is dissociated in an ATP-dependent fashion by the AAA protein NSF in conjunction with SNAP proteins (Mayer et al, 1996; Sollner et al, 1993; reviewed in Jahn and Scheller, 2006; Sudhof and Rothman, 2009).
R-HSA-6809015 (Reactome) NSF-dependent hydrolysis of ATP is required to disassociate the cis-SNARE complex, releasing the SNAREs for further rounds of membrane fusion (Mayer et al, 1996; Muller et al, 1999; Muller et al, 2002; Otto et al, 1997; Whiteheart et al, 2004; Yu et al, 1999; Zhao et al, 2012; Shah et al, 2015; reviewed in Sudhof and Rothman, 2009).
RAB1:GDPArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GDPArrowR-HSA-6807866 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GDPR-HSA-6807868 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GDPmim-catalysisR-HSA-6807868 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomer:ARFGAP1,2,3:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrinArrowR-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomer:ARFGAP1,2,3:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrinR-HSA-6807877 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomer:ARFGAP1,2,3:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrinmim-catalysisR-HSA-6807877 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomerArrowR-HSA-6807872 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTP:coatomerR-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTPArrowR-HSA-6807868 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1:ARF:GTPR-HSA-6807872 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1ArrowR-HSA-6807864 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:GBF1:USO1R-HSA-6807866 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1 coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:anykrin:spectrin:dynein:dynactin:microtubulesArrowR-HSA-6809003 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1 coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:anykrin:spectrin:dynein:dynactin:microtubulesR-HSA-6809006 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:GOLGB1:TMEM115ArrowR-HSA-6809006 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:GOLGB1:TMEM115R-HSA-6809011 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrinArrowR-HSA-6807877 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:PalmC-YKT6:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:anykrinR-HSA-6809003 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:TMEM115:cis-SNARE complexArrowR-HSA-6809011 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTP:USO1:coatomer:p24 dimers:cargo:spectrin:ankyrin:COG complex:GOLGA2:GORASP1:TMEM115:cis-SNARE complexR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
RAB1:GTPR-HSA-6807864 (Reactome)
SNAPsR-HSA-6809014 (Reactome)
STX5ArrowR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
Spectrin tetramerArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
Spectrin tetramerR-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
TMEM115ArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
TMEM115R-HSA-6809006 (Reactome)
USO1 homodimerArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
USO1 homodimerR-HSA-6807864 (Reactome)
cis-Golgi cis SNARE bundleArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
cis-Golgi cis SNARE bundleR-HSA-6809014 (Reactome)
cis-Golgi t-SNARESR-HSA-6809011 (Reactome)
cis-SNARE:3xSNAP:NSF hexamerArrowR-HSA-6809014 (Reactome)
cis-SNARE:3xSNAP:NSF hexamerR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
cis-SNARE:3xSNAP:NSF hexamermim-catalysisR-HSA-6809015 (Reactome)
coatomerArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
coatomerR-HSA-6807872 (Reactome)
p24 dimersArrowR-HSA-6809010 (Reactome)
p24 dimersR-HSA-6807875 (Reactome)
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