In the G1 phase there are two types of DNA damage responses, the p53-dependent and the p53-independent pathways. The p53-dependent responses inhibit CDKs through the up-regulation of genes encoding CKIs mediated by the p53 protein, whereas the p53-independent mechanisms inhibit CDKs through the inhibitory T14Y15 phosphorylation of Cdk2. Failure of DNA damage checkpoints in G1 leads to mutagenic replication of damaged templates and other replication defects. Source: Reactome
Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the CPTAC Assay Portal
Maeda T, Hanna AN, Sim AB, Chua PP, Chong MT, Tron VA; ''GADD45 regulates G2/M arrest, DNA repair, and cell death in keratinocytes following ultraviolet exposure.''; J Invest Dermatol, 2002 PubMedEurope PMCScholia