Omega-6-fatty acids in senescence (Homo sapiens)

From WikiPathways

Description

Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

Saving...

Bibliography

1. C P Quilley, J C McGiff, W H Lee, F F Sun, P Y Wong; ''6-Keto PGExi A Possible Metabolite of ProstacyclinHaving Platelet Antiaggregatory Effects''; , 1980 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
2. B. Rosenkranz, C. Fischer, K.E. Weimer, J.C. Frolich; ''Metabolism of prostacyclin and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in man.''; Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1980
3. Milne GL, Yin H, Hardy KD, Davies SS, Roberts LJ 2nd; ''Isoprostane generation and function.''; Chem Rev, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
4. Chi J, Cheng J, Wang S, Li C, Chen M; ''Promising Anti-Inflammatory Tools: Biomedical Efficacy of Lipoxins and Their Synthetic Pathways.''; Int J Mol Sci, 2023 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
5. ''Protectins, Resolvins and Maresins - Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators''; ,
6. Biringer RG; ''The enzymology of human eicosanoid pathways: the lipoxygenase branches.''; Mol Biol Rep, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
7. Wiley CD, Brumwell AN, Davis SS, Jackson JR, Valdovinos A, Calhoun C, Alimirah F, Castellanos CA, Ruan R, Wei Y, Chapman HA, Ramanathan A, Campisi J, Jourdan Le Saux C; ''Secretion of leukotrienes by senescent lung fibroblasts promotes pulmonary fibrosis.''; JCI Insight, 2019 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
8. Green AR, Freedman C, Tena J, Tourdot BE, Liu B, Holinstat M, Holman TR; ''5 S,15 S-Dihydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (5,15-diHpETE) as a Lipoxin Intermediate: Reactivity and Kinetics with Human Leukocyte 5-Lipoxygenase, Platelet 12-Lipoxygenase, and Reticulocyte 15-Lipoxygenase-1.''; Biochemistry, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
9. Annaleise V Sampey, Seetha Monrad, Leslie J Crofford; ''Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: the inducible synthase for prostaglandin E2''; Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
10. Orhan Lepara, Asija Zaciragic, Almir Fajkic, Alma Dzubur Kulenovic, Amela Dervisevic, Amina Valjevac, Emina Kiseljakovic, Saida Ibragic; ''Peripheral 8-iso-PGF2a as a Biomarker in Bosnian Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia.''; National Library of Medicine, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
11. Polet H, Levine L; ''Metabolism of prostaglandins E, A, and C in serum.''; J Biol Chem, 1975 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
12. Park JY, Pillinger MH, Abramson SB; ''Prostaglandin E2 synthesis and secretion: the role of PGE2 synthases.''; Clin Immunol, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
13. Lin Y, Xu Z; ''Fibroblast Senescence in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.''; Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
14. Bylund J, Hidestrand M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Oliw EH; ''Identification of CYP4F8 in human seminal vesicles as a prominent 19-hydroxylase of prostaglandin endoperoxides.''; J Biol Chem, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
15. Zhang M, Li W, Li T; ''Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo.''; Molecules, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
16. Yin H, Musiek ES, Gao L, Porter NA, Morrow JD; ''Regiochemistry of neuroprostanes generated from the peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid in vitro and in vivo.''; J Biol Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
17. Farker K, Schweer H, Vollandt R, Nassr N, Nagel U, Seyberth HW, Hoffmann A, Oettel M; ''Measurements of urinary prostaglandins in young ovulatory women during the menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women.''; Prostaglandins, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
18. Oh SF, Pillai PS, Recchiuti A, Yang R, Serhan CN; ''Pro-resolving actions and stereoselective biosynthesis of 18S E-series resolvins in human leukocytes and murine inflammation.''; J Clin Invest, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
19. Smith W; ''Eicosanoid nomenclature.''; Prostaglandins, 1989 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
20. Sinzinger H, Neumann I, O'Grady J, Rogatti W, Peskar BA; ''Effects of prostaglandin E1 metabolites on the induction of arterial thromboresistance.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
21. Ferreira I, Falcato F, Bandarra N, Rauter AP; ''Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins: DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthetic Approaches, and Their Role in Inflammation.''; Molecules, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
22. E L Hahn, R L Gamelli; ''Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis and Metabolism in Burn Injury and Trauma''; , 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
23. Anne-Mari Mustonen, Petteri Nieminen; ''Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid (20:3n-6)—Metabolism, Derivatives, and Potential Significance in Chronic Inflammation''; Pubmed, 2023 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
24. Straus DS, Glass CK; ''Cyclopentenone prostaglandins: new insights on biological activities and cellular targets.''; Med Res Rev, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
25. Milne GL, Yin H, Morrow JD; ''Human biochemistry of the isoprostane pathway.''; J Biol Chem, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
26. Serhan CN, Petasis NA; ''Resolvins and protectins in inflammation resolution.''; Chem Rev, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
27. P K Moore, R J Griffiths; ''Review: 6 keto-prostaglandin-E1''; National Library of Medicine, 1983 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
28. Suryadevara V, Ramchandran R, Kamp DW, Natarajan V; ''Lipid Mediators Regulate Pulmonary Fibrosis: Potential Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways.''; Int J Mol Sci, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
29. A Leonhardt, M Krauss, U Gieler, H Schweer, R Happle, H W Seyberth; ''In vivo formation of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2 in atopic dermatitis.''; British Journal of Dermatology, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
30. Hammarström S, Orning L, Bernström K; ''Metabolism of leukotrienes.''; Mol Cell Biochem, 1985 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
31. Rodriguez AR, Spur BW; ''First total syntheses of the pro-resolving lipid mediators 7(S),13(R),20(S)-Resolvin T1 and 7(S),13(R)-Resolvin T4.''; Tetrahedron Lett, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
32. Saini RK, Keum YS; ''Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dietary sources, metabolism, and significance - A review.''; Life Sci, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
33. Kohli P, Levy BD; ''Resolvins and protectins: mediating solutions to inflammation.''; Br J Pharmacol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
34. Hansen TV, Dalli J, Serhan CN; ''The novel lipid mediator PD1(n-3 DPA): An overview of the structural elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and bioactions.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2017 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
35. Yi XY, Gauthier KM, Cui L, Nithipatikom K, Falck JR, Campbell WB; ''Metabolism of adrenic acid to vasodilatory 1alpha,1beta-dihomo-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by bovine coronary arteries.''; Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
36. Watanabe K; ''Prostaglandin F synthase.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
37. Wong PY, Lee WH, Chao PH, Reiss RF, McGiff JC; ''Metabolism of prostacyclin by 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in human platelets. Formation of a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and enzyme purification.''; J Biol Chem, 1980 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
38. Anthony W. Norman, Helen L. Henry; ''Chapter 8 - Eicosanoids''; Hormones (Third Edition), 2015
39. Catalano A, Rodilossi S, Caprari P, Coppola V, Procopio A; ''5-Lipoxygenase regulates senescence-like growth arrest by promoting ROS-dependent p53 activation.''; EMBO J, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
40. A NORMAN; ''Eicosanoids''; Hormones:171-188, 2015
41. Helliwell RJ, Adams LF, Mitchell MD; ''Prostaglandin synthases: recent developments and a novel hypothesis.''; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
42. F Liu, J A Orr, J Y Wu; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
43. Ramesh Kumar Saini, Young-Soo Keum; ''Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dietary sources, metabolism, and significance - A review''; Life Sciences, 2018
44. Wang W, Ballatori N; ''Endogenous glutathione conjugates: occurrence and biological functions.''; Pharmacol Rev, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
45. Peskar BA, Cawello W, Rogatti W, Rudofsky G; ''On the metabolism of prostaglandin E1 administered intravenously to human volunteers.''; J Physiol Pharmacol, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
46. P. J. Piper; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
47. Dalli J, Colas RA, Serhan CN; ''Novel n-3 immunoresolvents: structures and actions.''; Sci Rep, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
48. Carstensen S, Gress C, Erpenbeck VJ, Kazani SD, Hohlfeld JM, Sandham DA, Müller M; ''Prostaglandin D(2) metabolites activate asthmatic patient-derived type 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils via theDP(2) receptor.''; Respir Res, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
49. Chiang N, Serhan CN; ''Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: an update on production and actions.''; Essays Biochem, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
50. M Negishi, T Koizumi, A Ichikawa; ''Biological actions of delta 12-prostaglandin J2''; National Library of Medicine, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
51. Li J, Guo C, Wu J; ''15-Deoxy-delta-12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an Endogenous Ligand of PPAR-y: Function and Mechanism''; National Library of Medicine, 2019 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
52. Basu S; ''Metabolism of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha.''; FEBS Lett, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
53. Galano JM, Lee YY, Oger C, Vigor C, Vercauteren J, Durand T, Giera M, Lee JC; ''Isoprostanes, neuroprostanes and phytoprostanes: An overview of 25years of researchin chemistry and biology.''; Prog Lipid Res, 2017 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
54. Galano JM, Lee YY, Oger C, Vigor C, Vercauteren J, Durand T, Giera M, Lee JC; ''Isoprostanes, neuroprostanes and phytoprostanes: An overview of 25years of research in chemistry and biology.''; Prog Lipid Res, 2017 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
55. S Basu; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
56. Ohki S, Ogino N, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O; ''Prostaglandin hydroperoxidase, an integral part of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes.''; J Biol Chem, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
57. Steffen Braune, Jan-Heiner Küpper, Friedrich Jung; ''Effect of Prostanoids on Human Platelet Function: An Overview''; , 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
58. Erik Anggard, Ernst Oliw; ''Formation and metabolism of prostaglandins in the kidney.''; Kidney International, 1981
59. ''PLA2G4A''; Wikipedia,
60. Chiang N, Serhan CN; ''Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: an update on production and actions.''; Essays Biochem, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
61. Nourooz-Zadeh J, Halliwell B, Anggård EE; ''Evidence for the formation of F3-isoprostanes during peroxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
62. Wiley CD, Sharma R, Davis SS, Lopez-Dominguez JA, Mitchell KP, Wiley S, Alimirah F, Kim DE, Payne T, Rosko A, Aimontche E, Deshpande SM, Neri F, Kuehnemann C, Demaria M, Ramanathan A, Campisi J; ''Oxylipin biosynthesis reinforces cellular senescence and allows detection of senolysis.''; Cell Metab, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
63. Primdahl KG, Aursnes M, Walker ME, Colas RA, Serhan CN, Dalli J, Hansen TV, Vik A; ''Synthesis of 13(R)-Hydroxy-7Z,10Z,13R,14E,16Z,19Z Docosapentaenoic Acid (13R-HDPA) and Its Biosynthetic Conversion to the 13-Series Resolvins.''; J Nat Prod, 2016 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
64. Jocelyn Reader, Dawn Holt, Amy Fulton; ''Prostaglandin E2 EP Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer''; , 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
65. Marhuenda J, Medina S, Martínez-Hernández P, Arina S, Zafrilla P, Mulero J, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Solana A, Ferreres F, López-García JJ, Gil-Izquierdo A; ''Effect of the dietary intake of melatonin- and hydroxytyrosol-rich wines by healthy female volunteers on the systemic lipidomic-related oxylipins.''; Food Funct, 2017 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
66. Engeland K; ''Cell cycle regulation: p53-p21-RB signaling.''; Cell Death Differ, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
67. Sheng-Chung Lee, Lawrence Levine; ''Prostaglandin Metabolism: Cytoplasmic reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent and microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase activities in monkey and pigeon tissues.''; The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1974
68. Yang M, Song XQ, Han M, Liu H; ''The role of Resolvin D1 in liver diseases.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
69. Nishizawa M, Nakajima T, Yasuda K, Kanzaki H, Sasaguri Y, Watanabe K, Ito S; ''Close kinship of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene with three aldo-keto reductase genes.''; Genes Cells, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
70. M Negishi, T Koizumi, A Ichikawa; ''Biological actions of delta 12-prostaglandin J2''; Journal of Lipid Mediators and Cell Signalling, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
71. Mucha, Riutta A; ''Determination of 9alpha, 11beta prostaglandin F2 in human urine. combination of solid-phase extraction and radioimmunoassay.''; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
72. Brenna JT, Kothapalli KSD; ''New understandings of the pathway of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.''; Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
73. Ni KD, Liu JY; ''The Functions of Cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylases and the Associated Eicosanoids in Inflammation-Related Diseases.''; Front Pharmacol, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
74. Wallis JG, Watts JL, Browse J; ''Polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis: what will they think of next?''; Trends Biochem Sci, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
75. G J Dusting, S Moncada, J R Vane; ''Recirculation of prostacyclin (PGI2) in the dog.''; British Journal of Pharmacology, 1978 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
76. Elisabeth L. Hahn, Li-Ke He, Richard L. Gamelli; ''Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis and Metabolism in Burn Injury and Trauma.''; The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 2000
77. Habib GM, Shi ZZ, Cuevas AA, Lieberman MW; ''Identification of two additional members of the membrane-bound dipeptidase family.''; FASEB J, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
78. Luo Y, Jin M, Lou L, Yang S, Li C, Li X, Zhou M, Cai C; ''Role of arachidonic acid lipoxygenase pathway in Asthma.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
79. Ahmed OS, Galano JM, Pavlickova T, Revol-Cavalier J, Vigor C, Lee JC, Oger C, Durand T; ''Moving forward with isoprostanes, neuroprostanes and phytoprostanes: where are we now?''; Essays Biochem, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
80. Milne GL, Yin H, Hardy KD, Davies SS, Roberts LJ 2nd; ''Isoprostane generation and function.''; Chem Rev, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
81. Melo CFOR, Bachur LF, Delafiori J, Dabaja MZ, de Oliveira DN, Guerreiro TM, Tararam CA, Busso-Lopes AF, Moretti ML, Catharino RR; ''Does leukotriene F4 play a major role in the infection mechanism of Candida sp.?''; Microb Pathog, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
82. Hatem Tallima, Rashika El Ridi; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
83. Feltenmark S, Gautam N, Brunnström A, Griffiths W, Backman L, Edenius C, Lindbom L, Björkholm M, Claesson HE; ''Eoxins are proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites produced via the 15-lipoxygenase-1 pathway in human eosinophils and mast cells.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
84. Wei J, Chen S, Guo W, Feng B, Yang S, Huang C, Chu J; ''Leukotriene D4 induces cellular senescence in osteoblasts.''; Int Immunopharmacol, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
85. Westlund P, Granström E, Kumlin M, Nordenström A; ''Identification of 11-dehydro-TXB2 as a suitable parameter for monitoring thromboxane production in the human.''; Prostaglandins, 1986 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
86. Stark K, Bylund J, Törmä H, Sahlén G, Oliw EH; ''On the mechanism of biosynthesis of 19-hydroxyprostaglandins of human seminal fluid and expression of cyclooxygenase-2, PGH 19-hydroxylase (CYP4F8) and microsomal PGE synthase-1 in seminal vesicles and vas deferens.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
87. M K Patel, C E Evans, F A McEvoy; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
88. A. Hari Kishore, David Owen, R. Ann Word; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
89. Serhan CN, Libreros S, Nshimiyimana R; ''E-series resolvin metabolome, biosynthesis and critical role of stereochemistry of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in inflammation-resolution: Preparing SPMs for long COVID-19, human clinical trials, and targeted precision nutrition.''; Semin Immunol, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
90. Gazi L, Gyles S, Rose J, Lees S, Allan C, Xue L, Jassal R, Speight G, Gamble V, Pettipher R; ''Delta12-prostaglandin D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2 receptor agonist and causes activation of human eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
91. Anyona SB, Kempaiah P, Davenport GC, Vulule JM, Hittner JB, Ong'echa JM, Perkins DJ; ''Suppressed circulating bicyclo-PGE2 levels and leukocyte COX-2 transcripts in children co-infected with P. falciparum malaria and HIV-1 or bacteremia.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
92. P J Lewis, C T Dollery; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
93. Samar Basu; ''Novel cyclooxygenase-catalyzed bioactive prostaglandin F2a from physiology to new principles in inflammation.''; Medicinal Research Reviews, 2006
94. Hedi H, Norbert G; ''5-Lipoxygenase Pathway, Dendritic Cells, and Adaptive Immunity.''; J Biomed Biotechnol, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
95. Song WL, Wang M, Ricciotti E, Fries S, Yu Y, Grosser T, Reilly M, Lawson JA, FitzGerald GA; ''Tetranor PGDM, an Abundant Urinary Metabolite Reflects Biosynthesis of Prostaglandin D2 in Mice and Humans''; Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008
96. Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM; ''Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs.''; Adv Nutr, 2015 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
97. R T Okita, J R Okita; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
98. Brunnström Å, Tryselius Y, Feltenmark S, Andersson E, Leksell H, James A, Mannervik B, Dahlén B, Claesson HE; ''On the biosynthesis of 15-HETE and eoxin C4 by human airway epithelial cells.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2015 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
99. Serhan CN, Dalli J, Colas RA, Winkler JW, Chiang N; ''Protectins and maresins: New pro-resolving families of mediators in acute inflammation and resolution bioactive metabolome.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2015 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
100. Durand T, Bultel-Poncé V, Guy A, El Fangour S, Rossi JC, Galano JM; ''Isoprostanes and phytoprostanes: Bioactive lipids.''; Biochimie, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
101. Carlo Patrono, Bianca Rocca; ''Measurement of Thromboxane Biosynthesis in Health and Disease''; Front Pharmacol., 2019 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
102. Ferreira I, Falcato F, Bandarra N, Rauter AP; ''Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins: DHA-Derived Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthetic Approaches, and Their Role in Inflammation.''; Molecules, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
103. Lu Yao, Weina Chen, Kyoungsub Song, Chang Han, Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi, Kyu Lim, Tong Wu; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
104. Libreros S, Shay AE, Nshimiyimana R, Fichtner D, Martin MJ, Wourms N, Serhan CN; ''A New E-Series Resolvin: RvE4 Stereochemistry and Function in Efferocytosis of Inflammation-Resolution.''; Front Immunol, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
105. Hajeyah AA, Griffiths WJ, Wang Y, Finch AJ, O'Donnell VB; ''The Biosynthesis of Enzymatically Oxidized Lipids.''; Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
106. Murphy RC, Gijón MA; ''Biosynthesis and metabolism of leukotrienes.''; Biochem J, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
107. Shibata T; ''15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹⁴-prostaglandin J₂ as an electrophilic mediator.''; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2015 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
108. Ying Zhang, Yi Du, Jian-Feng He, Kai-Jun Li; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
109. Eilidh M Wood, Kylie K Hornaday, Donna M Slater; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
110. B Rosenkranz, C Fischer, K E Weimer, J C Frölich; ''Metabolism of prostacyclin and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in man''; , 1980 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
111. Reddanna P, Prabhu KS, Whelan J, Reddy CC; ''Carboxypeptidase A-catalyzed direct conversion of leukotriene C4 to leukotriene F4.''; Arch Biochem Biophys, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
112. Lagarde M, Bernoud-Hubac N, Calzada C, Véricel E, Guichardant M; ''Lipidomics of essential fatty acids and oxygenated metabolites.''; Mol Nutr Food Res, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
113. F A Fitzpatrick, R Aguirre, J E Pike, F H Lincoln; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
114. Tang S, Wan M, Huang W, Stanton RC, Xu Y; ''Maresins: Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators and Their Potential Role in Inflammatory-Related Diseases.''; Mediators Inflamm, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
115. Salomon RG; ''Distinguishing levuglandins produced through the cyclooxygenase and isoprostane pathways.''; Chem Phys Lipids, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
116. Mainka M, George S, Angioni C, Ebert R, Goebel T, Kampschulte N, Krommes A, Weigert A, Thomas D, Schebb NH, Steinhilber D, Kahnt AS; ''On the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolvingmediators in human neutrophils and the influence of cell integrity.''; Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
117. Kim KM, Jung BH, Paeng KJ, Kim I, Chung BC; ''Increased urinary F(2)-isoprostanes levels in the patients with Alzheimer's disease.''; Brain Res Bull, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
118. Koletzko B, Reischl E, Tanjung C, Gonzalez-Casanova I, Ramakrishnan U, Meldrum S, Simmer K, Heinrich J, Demmelmair H; ''FADS1 and FADS2 Polymorphisms Modulate Fatty Acid Metabolism and Dietary Impact on Health.''; Annu Rev Nutr, 2019 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
119. Freund A, Patil CK, Campisi J; ''p38MAPK is a novel DNA damage response-independent regulator of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.''; EMBO J, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
120. Gol S, Pena RN, Rothschild MF, Tor M, Estany J; ''A polymorphism in the fatty acid desaturase-2 gene is associated with the arachidonic acid metabolism in pigs.''; Sci Rep, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
121. Peskar BA, Cawello W, Rogatti W, Rudofsky G; ''On the metabolism of prostaglandin E1 administered intravenously to human volunteers.''; J Physiol Pharmacol, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
122. D F Woodward, C E Protzman, A H Krauss, L S Williams; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
123. Allison E. Norlander, R. Stokes Peebles; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
124. Roberts LJ 2nd, Fessel JP, Davies SS; ''The biochemistry of the isoprostane, neuroprostane, and isofuran Pathways of lipid peroxidation.''; Brain Pathol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
125. Wen-Ling Chou, Lee-Ming Chuang, Chi-Chi Chou, Andrew H.-J. Wang, John A. Lawson, Garret A. FitzGerald, Zee-Fen Chang; ''Identification of a Novel Prostaglandin Reductase Reveals the Involvement of Prostaglandin E2 Catabolism in Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Activation.''; Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2007
126. Nanae Nagata, Yukiko Kusakari, Yoshifumi Fukunishi, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Yoshihiro Urade; ''Catalytic mechanism of the primary human prostaglandin F2a synthase,aldo-keto reductase 1B1--prostaglandin D2 synthase activity in the absence of NADP(H)''; PubMed, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
127. Wen-Liang Song, Miao Wang, Emanuela Ricciotti, Susanne Fries: Ying Yu, Tilo Grosser, Muredach Reilly, John A Lawson, Garret A FitzGerald; ''Tetranor PGDM, an abundant urinary metabolite reflects biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in mice and humans''; , 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
128. Sprecher H, VanRollins M, Sun F, Wyche A, Needleman P; ''Dihomo-prostaglandins and -thromboxane. A prostaglandin family from adrenic acid that may be preferentially synthesized in the kidney.''; J Biol Chem, 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
129. Katayama S, Maruno Y, Itabashi A, Inaba M, Akabane S, Tanaka K, Shibuya M, Kawazu S, Ishii J; ''Effect of dietary calcium on renal prostaglandins.''; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
130. Lee BR, Paing MH, Sharma-Walia N; ''Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins: Biologically Active Lipid Mediators Targeting Inflammation.''; Front Physiol, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
131. Chung-Ying K Chen, Elizabeth M Poole, Cornelia M Ulrich, Richard J Kulmacz, Lee-Ho Wang; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
132. T Suzuki-Yamamoto, M Nishizawa, M Fukui, E Okuda-Ashitaka, T Nakajima, S Ito, K Watanabe; ''cDNA cloning, expression and characterization of human prostaglandin F synthase''; National Library of Medicine, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
133. Reich EE, Markesbery WR, Roberts LJ 2nd, Swift LL, Morrow JD, Montine TJ; ''Brain regional quantification of F-ring and D-/E-ring isoprostanes and neuroprostanes in Alzheimer's disease.''; Am J Pathol, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
134. Kahnt AS, Schebb NH, Steinhilber D; ''Formation of lipoxins and resolvins in human leukocytes.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2023 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
135. Zhuang XY, Zhang YH, Xiao AF, Zhang AH, Fang BS; ''Key Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway for Bioactive Lipids Biosynthesis.''; Front Nutr, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
136. T E Liston, L J Roberts; ''Transformation of prostaglandin D2 to 9 alpha,11 beta-(15S)-trihydroxyprosta-(5Z,13E)-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2): a unique biologically active prostaglandin produced enzymatically in vivo in humans.''; National Library of Medicine, 1985 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
137. Klarissa D. Hardy, Brian E. Cox, Ginger L. Milne, Huiyong Yin, L. Jackson Roberts; ''Nonenzymatic free radical-catalyzed generation of 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2-like compounds (deoxy-J2-isoprostanes) in vivo''; National Library of Medicine, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
138. Harkewicz R, Fahy E, Andreyev A, Dennis EA; ''Arachidonate-derived dihomoprostaglandin production observed in endotoxin-stimulated macrophage-like cells.''; J Biol Chem, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
139. Djuricic I, Calder PC; ''Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021.''; Nutrients, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
140. Milne GL, Dai Q, Roberts LJ 2nd; ''The isoprostanes--25 years later.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2015 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
141. Bengt Samuelsson, Ralf Morgenstern, Per-Johan Jakobsson; ''Membrane prostaglandin E synthase -1: a novel therapeutic target''; PubMed, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
142. Yin H, Morrow JD, Porter NA; ''Identification of a novel class of endoperoxides from arachidonate autoxidation.''; J Biol Chem, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
143. Helena Idborg, Sven-Christian Pawelzik; ''Prostanoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Human Disease''; , 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
144. Gao L, Yin H, Milne GL, Porter NA, Morrow JD; ''Formation of F-ring isoprostane-like compounds (F3-isoprostanes) in vivo from eicosapentaenoic acid.''; J Biol Chem, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
145. Anggård E, Oliw E; ''Formation and metabolism of prostaglandins in the kidney.''; Kidney Int, 1981 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
146. Maria E. Figueiredo-Pereira, Chuhyon Corwin, John Babich2; ''Prostaglandin J2: a potential target for halting inflammation-induced neurodegeneration''; , 2016 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
147. P Y Cheung, J R Challis; ''Prostaglandin E2 metabolism in the human fetal membranes.''; American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1989 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
148. Steffen Braune, Jan-Heiner Küpper, Friedrich Jung; ''Effect of Prostanoids on Human Platelet Function: An Overview''; , 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
149. F A Fitzpatrick, M A Wynalda; ''Albumin-catalyzed metabolism of prostaglandin D2. Identification of products formed in vitro''; PubMed, 1983 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
150. A NORMAN; ''Eicosanoids''; Hormones :171-188, 2015
151. Zdanov S, Bernard D, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Martien S, Gosselin K, Vercamer C, Chelli F, Toussaint O, Abbadie C; ''Normal or stress-induced fibroblast senescence involves COX-2 activity.''; Exp Cell Res, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
152. Salomon RG, Subbanagounder G, O'Neil J, Kaur K, Smith MA, Hoff HF, Perry G, Monnier VM; ''Levuglandin E2-protein adducts in human plasma and vasculature.''; Chem Res Toxicol, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
153. Dyall SC, Balas L, Bazan NG, Brenna JT, Chiang N, da Costa Souza F, Dalli J, Durand T, Galano JM, Lein PJ, Serhan CN, Taha AY; ''Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators: Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions.''; Prog Lipid Res, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
154. Miyamoto T, Ogino N, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O; ''Purification of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase from bovine vesicular gland microsomes.''; J Biol Chem, 1976 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
155. Martien S, Pluquet O, Vercamer C, Malaquin N, Martin N, Gosselin K, Pourtier A, Abbadie C; ''Cellular senescence involves an intracrine prostaglandin E2 pathway in human fibroblasts.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
156. Gonçalves S, Yin K, Ito Y, Chan A, Olan I, Gough S, Cassidy L, Serrao E, Smith S, Young A, Narita M, Hoare M; ''COX2 regulates senescence secretome composition and senescence surveillance through PGE(2).''; Cell Rep, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
157. Li QF, Hao H, Tu WS, Guo N, Zhou XY; ''Maresins: anti-inflammatory pro-resolving mediators with therapeutic potential.''; Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
158. Petrie JR, Shrestha P, Liu Q, Mansour MP, Wood CC, Zhou XR, Nichols PD, Green AG, Singh SP; ''Rapid expression of transgenes driven by seed-specific constructs in leaf tissue: DHA production.''; Plant Methods, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
159. Peiqing Sun, Naoto Yoshizuka, Liguo New, Bettina A. Moser, Yilei Li, Rong Liao, Changchuan Xie, Jianming Chen, Qingdong Deng, Maria Yamout, Meng-Qiu Dong, Costas G. Frangou, John R. Yates III, Peter E. Wright, Jiahuai Han; ''PRAK Is Essential for ras-Induced Senescence and Tumor Suppression''; ScienceDirect, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
160. Biringer RG; ''A review of non-prostanoid, eicosanoid receptors: expression, characterization, regulation, and mechanism of action.''; J Cell Commun Signal, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
161. Hernandez-Segura A, Nehme J, Demaria M; ''Hallmarks of Cellular Senescence.''; Trends Cell Biol, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
162. Vidar Hansen T, Serhan CN; ''Protectins: Their biosynthesis, metabolism and structure-functions.''; Biochem Pharmacol, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
163. Musiek ES, Cha JK, Yin H, Zackert WE, Terry ES, Porter NA, Montine TJ, Morrow JD; ''Quantification of F-ring isoprostane-like compounds (F4-neuroprostanes) derived from docosahexaenoic acid in vivo in humans by a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometric assay.''; J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
164. Cormenier J, Martin N, DeslĂ�ƒÆ’Ă�†â€™Ă�ƒâ€ Ă�¢â‚¬â„¢Ă�ƒÆ’Ă�¢â‚¬Å¡Ă�ƒâ€šĂ�‚© J, Salazar-Cardozo C, Pourtier A, Abbadie C, Pluquet O; ''The ATF6Ă�ƒÆ’Ă�†â€™Ă�ƒâ€¦Ă�‚½Ă�ƒÆ’Ă�¢â‚¬Å¡Ă�ƒâ€šĂ�‚± arm of the Unfolded Protein Response mediates replicative senescence in human fibroblasts through a COX2/prostaglandin E₂intracrine pathway.''; Mech Ageing Dev, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
165. Palla AR, Ravichandran M, Wang YX, Alexandrova L, Yang AV, Kraft P, Holbrook CA, Schürch CM, Ho ATV, Blau HM; ''Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength.''; Science, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
166. Xiaoping Wang, Huanping Lin, Yan Gu; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
167. Christopher D. Wiley, Rishi Sharma, Sonnet S. Davis, Marco Demaria, Arvind Ramanathan, Judith Campisi; ''Oxylipin biosynthesis reinforces cellular senescence and allows detection of senolysis.''; Cell Metabolism, 2021
168. Sala A, Voelkel N, Maclouf J, Murphy RC; ''Leukotriene E4 elimination and metabolism in normal human subjects.''; J Biol Chem, 1990 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
169. Joachim Fauler, Dimitrios Tsikas, Ertan Mayatepek, Dietrich Keppler, Jurgen C. Frolich; ''Impaired Degradation of Prostaglandins and Thromboxane in Zellweger Syndrome''; International Pediatric Research Foundation, 1994
170. Samar Basu; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
171. Yang P, Jiang Y, Fischer SM; ''Prostaglandin E3 metabolism and cancer.''; Cancer Lett, 2014 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
172. Serhan CN, Levy BD; ''Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators.''; J Clin Invest, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
173. R P Goodman, A P Killam, A R Brash, R A Branch; ''Prostacyclin production during pregnancy: Comparison of production during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by hypertension''; , 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
174. Reich EE, Zackert WE, Brame CJ, Chen Y, Roberts LJ 2nd, Hachey DL, Montine TJ, Morrow JD; ''Formation of novel D-ring and E-ring isoprostane-like compounds (D4/E4-neuroprostanes) in vivo from docosahexaenoic acid.''; Biochemistry, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
175. Adachi H, Kubota I, Okamura N, Iwata H, Tsujimoto M, Nakazato H, Nishihara T, Noguchi T; ''Purification and characterization of human microsomal dipeptidase.''; J Biochem, 1989 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
176. William L Smith; ''Cyclooxygenases, peroxide tone and the allure of fish oil''; Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
177. Hahn, Elisabeth L. PhD, He, Li-Ke MD, Gamelli, and Richard L. MD; ''Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis and Metabolism in Burn Injury and Trauma''; https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Fulltext/2000/12000/Prostaglandin_E2_Synthesis_and_Metabolism_in_Burn.33.aspx,
178. Reinertsen AF, Primdahl KG, Shay AE, Serhan CN, Hansen TV, Aursnes M; ''Stereoselective Synthesis and Structural Confirmation of the Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator Resolvin E4.''; J Org Chem, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
179. Nourooz-Zadeh J, Cooper MB, Ziegler D, Betteridge DJ; ''Urinary 8-epi-PGF2alpha and its endogenous beta-oxidation products (2,3-dinor and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro) as biomarkers of total body oxidative stress.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
180. Deng B, Wang CW, Arnardottir HH, Li Y, Cheng CY, Dalli J, Serhan CN; ''Maresin biosynthesis and identification of maresin 2, a new anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator from human macrophages.''; PLoS One, 2014 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
181. Kramer RM, Roberts EF, Um SL, Börsch-Haubold AG, Watson SP, Fisher MJ, Jakubowski JA; ''p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylates cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in thrombin-stimulated platelets. Evidence that proline-directed phosphorylation is not required for mobilization of arachidonic acid by cPLA2.''; J Biol Chem, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
182. Yung-Sheng Huang, Wen-Cheng Huang, Chi-Wei LI, Lu-Te Chuang; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
183. Kortlever RM, Higgins PJ, Bernards R; ''Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a critical downstream target of p53 in the induction of replicative senescence.''; Nat Cell Biol, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
184. K Watanabe, Y Iguchi, S Iguchi, Y Arai, O Hayaishi, L J Roberts; ''Stereospecific conversion of prostaglandin D2 to (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9 alpha-11 beta,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2) and of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin F2 alpha by bovine lung prostaglandin F synthase.''; National Library of Medicine, 1986 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
185. Li QF, Hao H, Tu WS, Guo N, Zhou XY; ''Maresins: anti-inflammatory pro-resolving mediators with therapeutic potential''; https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/7442-7453.pdf, 2020
186. Wen-Ling Chou, Lee-Ming Chuang, Chi-Chi Chou, Andrew H-J Wang, John A Lawson, Garret A FitzGerald, Zee-Fen Chang; ''Identification of a Novel Prostaglandin Reductase Reveals the Involvement of Prostaglandin E2 Catabolism in Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Activation''; , 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
187. Granström E, Fitzpatrick FA, Kindahl H; ''Radioimmunologic determination of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2: a method for its stable degradation product, 11-deoxy-15-keto-13,14-dihydro-11 beta, 16 xi-cyclo-PGE2.''; Methods Enzymol, 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

External references

DataNodes

Name	Type	Database reference	Comment
11,15-dioxo-9α-hydroxy-, 2,3,4,5-tetranorprostan-1,20-dioic acid*	Metabolite
11-OH-dehydrogenase	GeneProduct	EC 1.2.1.3 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
11-dehydro-Thromboxane B2	Metabolite	CHEBI:28667 (ChEBI)
11-deoxy-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11,16-cyclo-PGE2*	Metabolite
11-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-prost-5-en-1,20-dioic acid*	Metabolite
12LOX
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGA2	Metabolite	CHEBI:89315 (ChEBI)	8: Prostanoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Human Disease Helena Idborg; Sven-Christian Pawelzik. 2022. PubMed 36005592.
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD2	Metabolite	CHEBI:72603 (ChEBI)	DK-PGD2
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2	Metabolite	CHEBI:15550 (ChEBI)	PGEM= Metabolites downstream of PGE2
13,14-dihydro-PGE2*	Metabolite
13,14-dihydro-PGF2a	Metabolite	88346 (ChEBI)
13s, 14s epoxide Maresins	Metabolite
14s HpDHA	Metabolite
15-PGDH	GeneProduct	EC 1.1.1.141 (Enzyme Nomenclature)	15-PGDH=15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGD2	Metabolite	CHEBI:63999 (ChEBI)	=15d-PGJ2
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2	Metabolite	34159 (ChEBI)	=15d-PGJ2
15-hydroxy PG dehydrogenase* prostaglandin Δreductase* β-oxidase*	GeneProduct		Lumped reaction
15-keto-13,14-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2a	Metabolite	191919-02-5 (CAS)
15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE1	Metabolite	134499 (ChEBI)
15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE1	Metabolite	CHEBI:134499 (ChEBI)
15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2a	Metabolite	63976 (ChEBI)
15-keto-8-iso-PGF2a	Metabolite	191919-01-4 (CAS)
15-keto-PGD2	Metabolite	CHEBI:15557 (ChEBI)
15-keto-PGE1	Metabolite	22973-19-9 (CAS)
15-keto-PGE2	Metabolite	15547 (ChEBI)
15-keto-PGF2a	Metabolite	CHEBI:28442 (ChEBI)
15-keto-PGI2	Metabolite	CHEBI:15556 (ChEBI)	=15-dehydro-Prostaglandin I2
15-ketoprostaglandin reductase	GeneProduct	EC 1.3.1.48 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
15LOX
19-OH-6-keto-PGF1a	Metabolite	172589 (ChEBI)
19-OH-PGE1	Metabolite	55123-67-6 (CAS)
19-OH-PGE2	Metabolite	CHEBI:165313 (ChEBI)
19-OH-PGH2*	Metabolite
2,3 dinor-6-keto-PGF1a*	Metabolite	73944 (ChEBI)
2,3-Dinor-Thromboxane B2	Metabolite	CHEBI:89991 (ChEBI)
2,3-dinor 6-keto pentanor*	Metabolite
2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2*	Metabolite	CHEBI:165323 (ChEBI)
2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-IsoPGF2a	Metabolite
2,3-dinor-8-IsoPGF2a	Metabolite
20-OH-LTB4	Metabolite	CHEBI:15646 (ChEBI)
4,13-diketo-7,9-dihydroxy-2,3-dinor prostanoic acid*	Metabolite		4,13-diketo-7,9-dihydroxy-2,3-dinor prostanoic acid =dinor-6,15-diketo-9,11-dihydroxy prostanoic acid
5(S)-HETE	Metabolite	CHEBI:28209 (ChEBI)
5-HPETE	Metabolite	HMDB11135 (HMDB)
5-series leukotrienes	Pathway
5α,7α-dihydroxy-11-keto tetranor-prostane-1,16-dioic acid*	Metabolite
6,15-Diketo-13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor PGF1a*	Metabolite		6,15-Diketo-13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor PGF1a = 15 kd dinor
6,15-Diketo-13,14-dihydro-PGF1a*	Metabolite	CHEBI:72595 (ChEBI)
6,15-diketo PGF1a	Metabolite
6-keto-PGE1	Metabolite	28269 (ChEBI)
6-keto-PGF1a	Metabolite	28158 (ChEBI)
6-trans-LTB4	Metabolite	CHEBI:63981 (ChEBI)
7α-hydroxy-5,11-diketo-tetranorprosta-1,16-dioc acid*	Metabolite
8-iso-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2*	Metabolite
8-iso-PGF2a	Metabolite	CHEBI:34505 (ChEBI)	8-Isoprostane=8-epi-Prostaglandin F2alpha
9,15-dideoxy-Δ9,12,14-PGD2*	Metabolite
9-deoxy-Δ12-PGD2*	Metabolite	175297 (ChEBI)
9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase*	GeneProduct
9a, 11a-dihydroxy-11-keto-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid*	Metabolite
9alpha,11alpha-PGF2a	Metabolite	CHEBI:15553 (ChEBI)
9alpha,11beta-PGF2	Metabolite	15553 (ChEBI)
9α, 11β-dihydroxy-15-oxo-2,3,18,19-tetranorprost-5-ene-1,20-dioic acid*	Metabolite
A2-IsoP	Metabolite		Iso-Prostaglandin A2
ABCC4	GeneProduct	ENSG00000125257 (Ensembl)
AKR1B1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000085662 (Ensembl)	=aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B
AKR1C3	GeneProduct	ENSG00000196139 (Ensembl)	=NADPH-dependent PGD2 11-ketoreductase =aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 =EC 1.1.1.188
ALOX12	GeneProduct	ENSG00000108839 (Ensembl)
ALOX15	GeneProduct	ENSG00000161905 (Ensembl)
ALOX5	GeneProduct	ENSG00000012779 (Ensembl)	=arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Adrenic acid (22:4,w6)	Metabolite	53487 (ChEBI)
Albumin-mediated degradation	Complex
Arachidonic Acid (20:4,w6)	Metabolite	15843 (ChEBI)
Beta-oxidation
CYP4F8	GeneProduct	ENSG00000186526 (Ensembl)	=cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 8
CYP8A1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000124212 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin I2 synthase =PTGIS
Ca2+	Metabolite	CHEBI:29108 (ChEBI)	calcium
Carbonyl reductase*	GeneProduct
Cell Cycle Arrest Senescence	Pathway
CysLT1R	Protein	Q9Y271 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)	=cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor
Cytosolic phospholipase A2	Protein	P47712 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
D-series resolvins	Pathway
D2-IsoK	Metabolite		D2-Isoketals
D2-IsoP	Metabolite		Iso-Prostaglandin D2
DH-15d-Δ12,14-PGD2	Metabolite	CHEBI:165317 (ChEBI)
DH-PGD2*	Metabolite
DH-PGE2	Metabolite	CHEBI:185711 (ChEBI)
DH-PGF1a*	Metabolite
DH-PGF2a	Metabolite	CHEBI:183014 (ChEBI)
DH-PGG2*	Metabolite
DH-PGH2*	Metabolite
DH-PGI2	Metabolite	CHEBI:165328 (ChEBI)
DH-PGJ2	Metabolite	CHEBI:165318 (ChEBI)
DH-TxA2*	Metabolite
DH-TxB*	Metabolite
DPEP	GeneProduct
DPEP1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000015413 (Ensembl)	=Human microsomal dipeptidase (MDP, formerly referred to as dehydropeptidase-I or renal dipeptidase) [EC 3.4.13.11]
DPEP2	GeneProduct	ENSG00000167261 (Ensembl)
Dehydrase	GeneProduct
Dehydration
Dihomo-15d-PGJ2	Metabolite	16061095 (PubChem-compound)	=1a,1b-dihomo-15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2
Dihomo-y-linolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3,w6)	Metabolite	CHEBI:53486 (ChEBI)	= 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid =DGLA
Dinor-4,13-diketo-7,9-dihydroxy-prostan-1,18-dioic acid*	Metabolite
Dinor-4,13-diketo-7,9-dihydroxy-prostanoic acid*	Metabolite
Dinor-4-keto-7,9,13-trihydroxy-prosta-11,12-enoic acid*	Metabolite
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6,w3)	Metabolite	CHEBI:36005 (ChEBI)
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (22:5,w3)	Metabolite	CHEBI:53488 (ChEBI)
E series resolvins	Pathway
E2-IsoK	Metabolite		E2-Isoketals
E2-IsoP	Metabolite		Iso-Prostaglandin E2
EETs	Pathway
ELOVL2	GeneProduct	ENSG00000197977 (Ensembl)	fatty acid elongase 2
ELOVL5	GeneProduct	ENSG00000012660 (Ensembl)	fatty acid elongase 5
Eicosadienoic acid (20:2,w6)	Metabolite	CHEBI:73731 (ChEBI)
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5,w3)	Metabolite	CHEBI:28364 (ChEBI)
Eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) (20:4,w3)	Metabolite	CHEBI:166893 (ChEBI)
Eicosatrienoic acid (20:3,w3)	Metabolite	5312529 (PubChem-compound)
Elongase	GeneProduct
Enzymatic β and w oxidation*
Excretion	Pathway
Excretion via urine	Pathway
FADS1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000149485 (Ensembl)	Δ5-Desaturase
FADS2	GeneProduct	ENSG00000134824 (Ensembl)	gene=FADS2 Δ6-Desaturase
FLAP	GeneProduct	ENSG00000132965 (Ensembl)	gene = ALOX5AP FLAP= 5-lipoxygenase activating protein
Free radical-catalyzed peroxidation
G2-IsoP	Metabolite		Iso-Prostaglandin G2
GGT	GeneProduct
GGT1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000100031 (Ensembl)
GGT5	GeneProduct	ENSG00000099998 (Ensembl)	=gamma-glutamyltransferase 5
GSTM4s/LTC4s	GeneProduct
Gi	Complex
Gq	Complex
Gs	Complex		PGI2 binding to the associated IP receptor (coupled to Gs) leads to an activation of the AC and thus to an increase of intracellular cAMP. Its elevation downregulates store-mediated calcium entry, calcium mobilization and secretion, as well as platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen via integrin α2β1. The cAMP increase further results in an activation of protein kinase-A (PKA) and in principle, in an inhibition of platelet activation. Analogous to cAMP, PKA activity has been associated with a reduced Ca2+ release from intra-platelet stores
H-PGDS	GeneProduct	ENSG00000163106 (Ensembl)
H2-IsoP	Metabolite		Iso-Prostaglandin H2
HETEs	Pathway
HPGD	GeneProduct	ENSG00000164120 (Ensembl)	15-PGDH=15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase
IP	Complex		PGI2 binding to the associated IP receptor (coupled to Gs) leads to an activation of the AC and thus to an increase of intracellular cAMP. Its elevation downregulates store-mediated calcium entry, calcium mobilization and secretion, as well as platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen via integrin α2β1. The cAMP increase further results in an activation of protein kinase-A (PKA) and in principle, in an inhibition of platelet activation. Analogous to cAMP, PKA activity has been associated with a reduced Ca2+ release from intra-platelet stores
IP3	Complex	CHEBI:16595 (ChEBI)
Irradiation-induced Senescence	Pathway
Irradiation-induced Senescence Oncogene-induced senescence (RAS)	Pathway
Isofuranes	Pathway
Isoprostanes	Pathway
J2-IsoP	Metabolite		Iso-Prostaglandin J2
L-PGDS	GeneProduct	ENSG00000107317 (Ensembl)
LGD2	Metabolite	CHEBI:34820 (ChEBI)	Levuglandin D2
LGE2	Metabolite	CHEBI:34821 (ChEBI)	Levuglandin E2
LGR6 receptor	Metabolite
LTA4	Metabolite	CHEBI:15651 (ChEBI)
LTA4H	GeneProduct	ENSG00000111144 (Ensembl)
LTB4	Metabolite	CHEBI:15647 (ChEBI)
LTC4	Metabolite	CHEBI:16978 (ChEBI)
LTC4S	GeneProduct	ENSG00000213316 (Ensembl)
LTD4	Metabolite	CHEBI:28666 (ChEBI)
LTE4	Metabolite	CHEBI:15650 (ChEBI)
Linoleic acid (LA) (18:2,w6)	Metabolite	17351 (ChEBI)	LA (18:2 w6)
Lipoxins Eoxins	Pathway
MAPK cascade	Metabolite
MCTR1	Metabolite
MCTR2	Metabolite
MCTR3	Metabolite
Maresin 1	Metabolite
Maresin 2	Metabolite
Membrane phospholipids	Metabolite	CHEBI:16247 (ChEBI)
Non-enzymatic
Non-enzymatic degradation
Non-enzymatic dehydration
Non-enzymatic,albumin-mediated degradation
Oncogene-induced senescence DNA damage-induced senescence Oxidative stress-induced senescence Replicative senescence Irradiation-induced senescence	Pathway
Osbond acid (22:5,w6)	Metabolite	CHEBI:65136 (ChEBI)	=docosapentaenoic acid (DPAω6, 22:5)
PAI-1	Protein	7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PG-9KR	GeneProduct	ENSG00000159228 (Ensembl)	PG-9KR= Prostaglandin-9-ketoreductase
PGA Isomerase	GeneProduct
PGA1	Metabolite	14152-28-4 (CAS)
PGA2	Metabolite	27820 (ChEBI)	PGA2=Prostaglandin A2
PGB1	Metabolite	CHEBI:27624 (ChEBI)
PGB2	Metabolite	28099 (ChEBI)	PGB2=Prostaglandin B2
PGC Isomerase	GeneProduct
PGC1	Metabolite	CHEBI:15546 (ChEBI)
PGC2	Metabolite	27555 (ChEBI)	PGC2=Prostaglandin C2
PGD1	Metabolite	27696 (ChEBI)
PGD2	Metabolite	15555 (ChEBI)
PGD3	Metabolite	CHEBI:34939 (ChEBI)
PGDS	GeneProduct	EC 5.3.99.2 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
PGE 19-hydroxylase	GeneProduct
PGE1	Metabolite	15544 (ChEBI)
PGE2	Metabolite	15551 (ChEBI)
PGE3	Metabolite	CHEBI:28031 (ChEBI)
PGEM (11a-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5,20-pentanor-19-carboxyprostanoic acid)	Metabolite	CHEBI:73965 (ChEBI)
PGES	GeneProduct	EC 5.3.99.3 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
PGF1a	Metabolite	28852 (ChEBI)
PGF3a	Metabolite	CHEBI:36075 (ChEBI)
PGFS	GeneProduct	EC 1.1.1.188 (Enzyme Nomenclature)	=Prostaglandin F synthase
PGG1	Metabolite	133739 (ChEBI)
PGG2	Metabolite	27647 (ChEBI)	Prostaglandin G2 is abbreviated as PGG2
PGG3	Metabolite	CHEBI:134406 (ChEBI)
PGH1	Metabolite	91133 (ChEBI)
PGH2	Metabolite	15554 (ChEBI)	PGH2 is the abbreviation of PGG2
PGH3	Metabolite	CHEBI:134407 (ChEBI)
PGI1*	Metabolite
PGI2	Metabolite	CHEBI:15552 (ChEBI)	Synonym for PGI2 is "Prostacyclin"
PGI3	Metabolite
PGIS	GeneProduct	EC 5.3.99.4 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
PGJ2	Metabolite	27485 (ChEBI)
PPARγ	Complex
PRAK/MAPKAPK5	Metabolite
PTGDR2	Complex	ENSG00000183134 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 =DP2
PTGDR	Complex	ENSG00000168229 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin D2 receptor =DP1
PTGER1	Complex	ENSG00000160951 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin E receptor 1 =EP1
PTGER2	Complex	ENSG00000125384 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin E receptor 2 =EP2
PTGER3	Complex	ENSG00000050628 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin E receptor 3 =EP3
PTGER4	Complex	ENSG00000171522 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin E receptor 4 =EP4
PTGFR	Complex	ENSG00000122420 (Ensembl)	Prostaglandin F receptor : FP Activation of FP by PGF2α results in the IP3 and DAG formation as well as in the mobilization of Ca2+.
PTGS1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000095303 (Ensembl)	=Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 =cyclooxygenase (COX)
PTGS2	GeneProduct	ENSG00000073756 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 =cyclooxygenase (COX)
Phospholipase (cPLA2α)	GeneProduct
Prostaglandin F synthase
Prostaglandin [c]	Metabolite
Prostaglandin [e]	Metabolite
Protectins	Pathway
RAS	GeneProduct
RAS	GeneProduct	EC 3.6.5.2 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
RORalpha	Metabolite
ROS	Metabolite	26523 (ChEBI)
Radiation-induced senescence	Pathway
Rb	GeneProduct	ENSG00000139687 (Ensembl)
Replicative senescence Radiation-induced senescence	Pathway
SASP	Pathway
SASP	Pathway	WP3391 (WikiPathways)
SEH
SIRT1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000096717 (Ensembl)
SLCO2A1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000174640 (Ensembl)
Senescence phenotype	Pathway
Senescence	Pathway	WP615 (WikiPathways)
Spontaneous hydrolysis
Stearidonic acid (SDA) (18:4,w3)	Metabolite	CHEBI:32389 (ChEBI)
TBXA2R	Complex	ENSG00000006638 (Ensembl)	=thromboxane A2 receptor
TBXAS1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000059377 (Ensembl)	=CYP5A1
TXAS	GeneProduct	EC 5.3.99.5 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
TxA1*	Metabolite
TxA3	Metabolite
TxA	Metabolite	CHEBI:15627 (ChEBI)
TxB1	Metabolite	71668258 (PubChem-compound)
TxB	Metabolite	CHEBI:28728 (ChEBI)
Unknown
a-Linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3,w3)	Metabolite	CHEBI:27432 (ChEBI)	IUPAC Name: (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
alpha-tetranor-15-keto-13,14-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2a*	Metabolite
cAMP	Complex		PGI2 binding to the associated IP receptor (coupled to Gs) leads to an activation of the AC and thus to an increase of intracellular cAMP. Its elevation downregulates store-mediated calcium entry, calcium mobilization and secretion, as well as platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen via integrin α2β1. The cAMP increase further results in an activation of protein kinase-A (PKA) and in principle, in an inhibition of platelet activation. Analogous to cAMP, PKA activity has been associated with a reduced Ca2+ release from intra-platelet stores
cPGES	GeneProduct	ENSG00000110958 (Ensembl)	=prostaglandin E synthase 3 (PGTES3)
elongation delta6 desaturation beta-oxidation			Lumped reaction
epoxide hydrolysis
mPGES-1	GeneProduct	ENSG00000148344 (Ensembl)	=microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (PTGES1)
mPGES-2	GeneProduct	ENSG00000148334 (Ensembl)	=microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2)
p21	Protein	A0A024RCX5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p38 MAPK	GeneProduct	ENSG00000185386 (Ensembl)
p53	GeneProduct
p53	Metabolite	CHEBI:77731 (ChEBI)
p53S37	Metabolite
w-hydroxylase*
y-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3,w6)	Metabolite	28661 (ChEBI)	GLA(18:3 w6)
Δ12-PGD2	Metabolite
Δ12-PGJ2	Metabolite	CHEBI:28130 (ChEBI)	Synonym: 9-Deoxy-delta(9,12)-13,14-dihydro PGD2
Δ13-reductase	GeneProduct	EC 1.3.1.48 (Enzyme Nomenclature)	=15-oxoprostaglandin-Δ13-reductase
Δ6-trans-12-epi-leukotriene B4	Metabolite	CHEBI:63982 (ChEBI)
Δ9-Elongase*
β and ω oxidation*
β-oxidase*	GeneProduct
β-oxidation	Complex
β-oxidation*