TCA cycle (aka Krebs or citric acid cycle) (Homo sapiens)

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MitochondrionCytosolIDH2(S)-malateNADPHCoANAD+NAD+ubiquinol-10NADHSUCLG2ATPOGDHSDHAGTPSUCLG1ACO2NADHSuccinyl-CoAH+NADHCoAACO2Fumarate Hydratase2-oxoglutarateSDHDIDH3BWaterH+SDHBGDPMDH2ADPCitrateIDH3GphosphateCoASuccinateIsocitrateNAD+DLSTFumaratecis-aconitateCoAFatty Acid SynthesisH+Degradation of Fatty AcidsContaining an Even Number of CarbonsCitrate SynthaseAcetyl-CoASDHCWaterDegradation of Fatty AcidsContaining an Odd Number of CarbonsElectron Transport ChainWaterDLDNADP+Coenzyme Q10IDH3AOxaloacetateH+Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxideH+carbon dioxideSUCLG1SUCLA2phosphate


Description

The citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle, (or rarely, the Szent-Gyorgyi-Krebs cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. The components and reactions of the citric acid cycle were established by seminal work from both Albert Szent-Gyorgyi and Hans Krebs. Source: Wikipedia (wikipedia:citric_acid_cycle)

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Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

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  1. Sazanov LA, Jackson JB; ''Proton-translocating transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases operate in a substrate cycle which contributes to fine regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mitochondria.''; FEBS Lett, 1994 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Comte B, Vincent G, Bouchard B, Benderdour M, Des Rosiers C; ''Reverse flux through cardiac NADP(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase under normoxia and ischemia.''; Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Lawson AM, Chalmers RA, Watts RW; ''Urinary organic acids in man. I. Normal patterns.''; Clin Chem, 1976 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Sheu KF, Blass JP; ''The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.''; Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Johnson JD, Muhonen WW, Lambeth DO; ''Characterization of the ATP- and GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetases in pigeon. The enzymes incorporate the same alpha-subunit.''; J Biol Chem, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Lambeth DO, Tews KN, Adkins S, Frohlich D, Milavetz BI; ''Expression of two succinyl-CoA synthetases with different nucleotide specificities in mammalian tissues.''; J Biol Chem, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Greksák M, Lopes-Cardozo M, van den Bergh SG; ''Citrate synthesis in intact rat-liver mitochondria is irreversible.''; Eur J Biochem, 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Krebs, H. A., Johnson, W. A.; ''The Role of Citric Acid in Intermediate Metabolism in Animal Tissues.''; Enzymologia, 1937 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Des Rosiers C, Fernandez CA, David F, Brunengraber H; ''Reversibility of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction in the perfused rat liver. Evidence from isotopomer analysis of citric acid cycle intermediates.''; J Biol Chem, 1994 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Krebs HA, Holzach O; ''The conversion of citrate into cis-aconitate and isocitrate in the presence of aconitase.''; Biochem J, 1952 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Des Rosiers C, Di Donato L, Comte B, Laplante A, Marcoux C, David F, Fernandez CA, Brunengraber H; ''Isotopomer analysis of citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis in rat liver. Reversibility of isocitrate dehydrogenase and involvement of ATP-citrate lyase in gluconeogenesis.''; J Biol Chem, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  12. Liu TC, Kim H, Arizmendi C, Kitano A, Patel MS; ''Identification of two missense mutations in a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-deficient patient.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  13. Hoek JB, Rydström J; ''Physiological roles of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase.''; Biochem J, 1988 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  14. Gabriel JL, Zervos PR, Plaut GW; ''Activity of purified NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase at modulator and substrate concentrations approximating conditions in mitochondria.''; Metabolism, 1986 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  15. Fernandez CA, Des Rosiers C; ''Modeling of liver citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis based on 13C mass isotopomer distribution analysis of intermediates.''; J Biol Chem, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
128988view23:54, 27 February 2024KhanspersOntology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
128987view23:49, 27 February 2024KhanspersOntology Term : 'PW:0000002' removed !
128036view17:55, 21 January 2024EweitzStandardize height, case
119082view20:31, 16 June 2021FinterlyAdded PubMed ID
118787view21:01, 1 June 2021Khanspersupdated metabolite and pathway nodes
117182view10:18, 18 May 2021EweitzModified title
113981view11:38, 14 December 2020Finterlygraphical update
113980view11:22, 14 December 2020FinterlyGraphical update
106832view13:31, 17 September 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
105832view23:08, 15 August 2019KhanspersModified description
98278view15:47, 15 August 2018DeSlRemoved licence number
98277view15:46, 15 August 2018DeSlChanged layout slightly, changed title for findability.
98276view15:43, 15 August 2018DeSlAdded isoform of A-SCS protein, connected with right side-metabolites.
90661view19:27, 4 December 2016AlexanderPicoAdded urea cycle pathway node
90504view14:00, 19 November 2016EgonwOntology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
70014view23:48, 11 July 2013MaintBotupdated to 2013 schema
67690view11:49, 26 June 2013DdiglesOntology Term : 'citrate cycle pathway' added !
59783view22:02, 7 March 2013Khanspersminor change
59770view17:53, 7 March 2013Khanspersminor layout change
59769view17:51, 7 March 2013Khanspersadded bounding rectangle to pathway nodes
59710view19:48, 6 March 2013AlexanderPicoSimplified SUCLG reaction; additional minor layout and label fixes
59709view19:22, 6 March 2013AlexanderPicoPeriodical save, work in progress
59708view19:17, 6 March 2013AlexanderPicoRemoved incomplete H+ accounting
59707view19:13, 6 March 2013AlexanderPicoFixing layout, labels, node size, arrows
47741view15:54, 5 April 2012MdstobbeMinor layout change.
47740view15:50, 5 April 2012MdstobbeChanged to Entrez Gene IDs.
47731view16:50, 4 April 2012MdstobbeAdded 3 more literature references.
47724view11:56, 4 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47723view11:46, 4 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47722view11:36, 4 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47721view11:26, 4 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47720view11:16, 4 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47700view09:15, 3 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47699view09:03, 3 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47698view08:53, 3 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47697view08:41, 3 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
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47695view08:10, 3 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47694view08:00, 3 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47681view21:31, 2 April 2012Mdstobbesmall change to lit. ref.
47680view21:26, 2 April 2012MdstobbeAdded reference and switched the two IDH reactions from place.
47679view21:06, 2 April 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47654view16:37, 2 April 2012SmhoutenRefinements
47580view14:58, 29 March 2012MdstobbeAdded literature references
47579view14:54, 29 March 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47578view14:34, 29 March 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47577view14:24, 29 March 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
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47575view14:14, 29 March 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress
47473view21:39, 20 March 2012MdstobbePeriodical save, work in progress

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
(S)-malateMetaboliteHMDB00156 (HMDB)
2-oxoglutarateMetaboliteHMDB00208 (HMDB)
ACO2GeneProduct50 (Entrez Gene)
ADPMetaboliteHMDB01341 (HMDB)
ATPMetaboliteHMDB00538 (HMDB)
Acetyl-CoAMetaboliteHMDB01206 (HMDB)
Carbon dioxideMetaboliteHMDB01967 (HMDB)
Citrate SynthaseGeneProduct1431 (Entrez Gene)
CitrateMetaboliteHMDB00094 (HMDB)
CoAMetaboliteHMDB01423 (HMDB)
Coenzyme Q10MetaboliteHMDB01072 (HMDB)
DLDGeneProduct1738 (Entrez Gene)
DLSTGeneProduct1743 (Entrez Gene)
Degradation of Fatty Acids Containing an Even Number of CarbonsPathwayWP143 (WikiPathways)
Degradation of Fatty Acids Containing an Odd Number of CarbonsPathwayWP143 (WikiPathways)
Electron Transport ChainPathwayWP111 (WikiPathways)
Fatty Acid SynthesisPathwayWP357 (WikiPathways)
Fumarate HydrataseGeneProduct2271 (Entrez Gene)
FumarateMetaboliteHMDB00134 (HMDB)
GDPMetaboliteHMDB01201 (HMDB)
GTPMetaboliteHMDB01273 (HMDB)
H+Metabolite
IDH2GeneProduct3418 (Entrez Gene)
IDH3AGeneProduct3419 (Entrez Gene)
IDH3BGeneProduct3420 (Entrez Gene)
IDH3GGeneProduct3421 (Entrez Gene)
IsocitrateMetaboliteHMDB00193 (HMDB)
MDH2GeneProduct4191 (Entrez Gene)
NAD+MetaboliteHMDB00902 (HMDB)
NADHMetaboliteHMDB01487 (HMDB)
NADP+MetaboliteHMDB00217 (HMDB)
NADPHMetaboliteHMDB00221 (HMDB)
OGDHGeneProduct4967 (Entrez Gene)
OxaloacetateMetaboliteHMDB00223 (HMDB)
SDHAGeneProduct6389 (Entrez Gene)
SDHBGeneProduct6390 (Entrez Gene)
SDHCGeneProduct6391 (Entrez Gene)
SDHDGeneProduct6392 (Entrez Gene)
SUCLA2GeneProduct8803 (Entrez Gene)
SUCLG1GeneProduct8802 (Entrez Gene)
SUCLG2GeneProduct8801 (Entrez Gene)
SuccinateMetaboliteHMDB00254 (HMDB)
Succinyl-CoAMetaboliteHMDB01022 (HMDB)
WaterMetaboliteHMDB02111 (HMDB)
carbon dioxideMetaboliteHMDB01967 (HMDB)
cis-aconitateMetaboliteHMDB00072 (HMDB)
phosphateMetaboliteHMDB01429 (HMDB)
ubiquinol-10MetaboliteHMDB13111 (HMDB)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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