Metapathway biotransformation Phase I and II (Homo sapiens)

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1ElectrophilesGlutathione peroxidasesReductionHydrolysisGlucuronidationSulfationAmino acid conjugationGlutathione reductaseEpoxide hydrolasesNucleophilesFlavin monooxygenasesGlutathione transferasesMethyltransferasesGlucuronosyltransferasesGlutathione synthetaseOxidationSulfotransferasesCytochrome P450Amino acid acyl transferasesGlutathione conjugationAldo-keto reductasesMethylationN-acetyltransferasesAcetylationCYP450GSTM2UGT1A6CYP11A1UGT1A3GSTK1GPX3Substrate-NH2CHST1UGT2A3CHST2SULT1A1AKR7A2KCNAB1Substrate=OCYP8B1HNMTCYP2U1GSSUGT2B7NAT1UGT2B15CHST12N-acetyltransferaseCHST9GSRGAL3ST3SULT1C4AKR1C2CHST11CYP4F11SULT1A3GLYATL1Substrate-GlCYP7B1GlucuronosyltransferaseGAL3ST4MethyltransferaseCYP46A1CYP2A6UGT2B11NDST3CYP11B2Substrate-SO3HAKR1C1GSTA4UGT1A9Substrate-OHAldo-keto reductaseCYP3A5UGT2B4CYP4F2CYP21A2NDST1CYP27A1HS6ST3GSTA1GSTM1Substrate-SGAKR1D1AKR1B10UGT1A10NAT12NAT13CYP26C1Amino acid acyltransferaseGAL3ST1GSTO2HS3ST1NAT2GSTA5NAT8LHS3ST3A1HS2ST1INMTSubstrate-AaCYP4F3FMO5UGT2A2UGT2A1CYP2C9CHST10SULT2B1GSTM4GPX2TPMTHS3ST5CHST13HS3ST6Xenobiotic substrateGSTZ1SULT6B1SulfotransferaseHS3ST3B1FMO3SULT2A1CYP17A1AKR7A3GSTA2AKR1C4NDST4CYP2D6CYP2F1CYP2E1KCNAB2CYP4F8MGST3CYP27C1CYP3A7SULT1C2GLYATL2GPX1GAL3ST2CYP2W1COMTGSTP1CHST8CYP4F12Substrate-AcCYP4V2EPHX1CYP1A1CYP2A7NNMTNAT6GSTM3SULT1C3HS3ST2CYP4F22UGT2B17MGST2GSTT1Substrate-SHBAATCHST4CYP20A1CYP2R1NAT10HS3ST4CYP19A1SULT1A4CYP1B1UGT2B28CYP51A1GLYATNDST2UGT1A1CYP2B6CYP39A1CHST3CYP3A43NAT14CYP2S1NAT8SULT1C1CYP4Z1CHST6CYP2A13CYP26A1GSTT2BGSTA3GPX5AKR1A1CYP26B1GSTO1SULT1B1HS6ST1CYP27B1GSTT2MGST1FMO4AKR1C3EPHX2CYP3A4CYP2C19FMO1SULT4A1GPX4CHST7CYP2C18HS6ST2FMO2UGT1A7CYP1A2KCNAB3AKR1B1NAT5Flavin monooxygenaseSULT1A2NAT11GSTCDUGT1A5Glutathione transferaseCYP7A1CYP11B1CYP2J2UGT1A4CHST5CHST14CYP24A1UGT1A8GSTM5CYP2C8CYP4X1Substrate-O-RCYP4B1Substrate-CH3SULT1E1NAT9


Description

Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism on a chemical compound. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH4+, or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation. Biotransformation means chemical alteration of chemicals such as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and drugs in the body. It is also needed to render non-polar compounds polar so that they are not reabsorbed in renal tubules and are excreted. Biotransformation of xenobiotics can dominate toxicokinetics and the metabolites may reach higher concentrations in organisms than their parent compounds. [1]

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Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

  1. Oppermann UC, Maser E; ''Molecular and structural aspects of xenobiotic carbonyl metabolizing enzymes. Role of reductases and dehydrogenases in xenobiotic phase I reactions.''; Toxicology, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
127768view11:08, 3 December 2023EgonwRemoved a weird char from an Pfam identifier
106643view21:04, 12 September 2019KhanspersModified description
105646view05:10, 10 August 2019KhanspersModified description
102200view07:26, 9 December 2018EgonwMmm... only the ENSG00000277656 link works.
102197view06:56, 9 December 2018EgonwUndo revision 102196 by [[Special:Contributions/Egonw|Egonw]] ([[User talk:Egonw|Talk]])
102196view06:55, 9 December 2018EgonwMapable ID.
102195view06:54, 9 December 2018EgonwReplaced an outdated Ensembl identifiers with the new one.
98553view18:18, 16 September 2018AlexanderPicoupdated outdated ensembl
96892view13:47, 18 April 2018FehrhartAdded annotations for CYP450
96046view16:07, 15 February 2018DeSlModified description
96045view16:06, 15 February 2018DeSlOntology Term : 'phase II biotransformation pathway' added !
96044view16:06, 15 February 2018DeSlOntology Term : 'phase I biotransformation pathway via cytochrome P450' added !
96043view16:05, 15 February 2018DeSlModified title
96042view16:03, 15 February 2018DeSlModified title
96041view16:03, 15 February 2018DeSlAdded lit. ref
73516view23:21, 29 January 2014KhanspersModified title
68908view17:30, 8 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
67458view11:04, 26 June 2013DdiglesOntology Term : 'cellular detoxification pathway' added !
59107view22:20, 21 February 2013MaintBotUpdated Ensembl and UniProt data source
44905view10:25, 6 October 2011MartijnVanIerselOntology Term : 'phase I biotransformation pathway' added !
41055view23:17, 1 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
34448view18:21, 10 December 2009MaintBotAutomatic update of empty xrefs
33415view14:50, 30 November 2009MaintBotRemoved group label
33182view17:47, 5 November 2009KhanspersModified categories
29945view16:15, 14 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29944view16:09, 14 June 2009Pieter Giesbertzminor changes
29942view12:30, 14 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzAdded aa acyltransferase genes
29941view12:17, 14 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29940view12:03, 14 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29939view19:30, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzAdded biotransformation genes
29938view19:21, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29937view19:20, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29936view19:06, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29935view19:05, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29934view18:42, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29931view18:41, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29930view18:36, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29929view18:07, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29928view18:02, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzAdded CYPs
29927view17:58, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29926view17:47, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29925view17:43, 13 June 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29357view10:05, 29 April 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29356view10:05, 29 April 2009Pieter GiesbertzSpecify description
29355view10:03, 29 April 2009Pieter GiesbertzAdded methyltransferases
29340view13:42, 27 April 2009Pieter GiesbertzAdded coloured association pathway
29324view08:23, 24 April 2009Pieter GiesbertzNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
AKR1A1GeneProductENSG00000117448 (Ensembl)
AKR1B10GeneProductENSG00000198074 (Ensembl)
AKR1B1GeneProductENSG00000085662 (Ensembl)
AKR1C1GeneProductENSG00000187134 (Ensembl)
AKR1C2GeneProductENSG00000151632 (Ensembl)
AKR1C3GeneProductENSG00000196139 (Ensembl)
AKR1C4GeneProductENSG00000198610 (Ensembl)
AKR1D1GeneProductENSG00000122787 (Ensembl)
AKR7A2GeneProductENSG00000053371 (Ensembl)
AKR7A3GeneProductENSG00000162482 (Ensembl)
Aldo-keto reductaseGeneProduct
Amino acid acyltransferaseGeneProduct
BAATGeneProductENSG00000136881 (Ensembl)
CHST10GeneProductENSG00000115526 (Ensembl)
CHST11GeneProductENSG00000171310 (Ensembl)
CHST12GeneProductENSG00000136213 (Ensembl)
CHST13GeneProductENSG00000180767 (Ensembl)
CHST14GeneProduct113189 (Entrez Gene)
CHST1GeneProductENSG00000175264 (Ensembl)
CHST2GeneProductENSG00000175040 (Ensembl)
CHST3GeneProductENSG00000122863 (Ensembl)
CHST4GeneProductENSG00000140835 (Ensembl)
CHST5GeneProductENSG00000135702 (Ensembl)
CHST6GeneProductENSG00000183196 (Ensembl)
CHST7GeneProductENSG00000147119 (Ensembl)
CHST8GeneProductENSG00000124302 (Ensembl)
CHST9GeneProduct83539 (Entrez Gene)
COMTGeneProductENSG00000093010 (Ensembl)
CYP11A1GeneProductENSG00000140459 (Ensembl)
CYP11B1GeneProductENSG00000160882 (Ensembl)
CYP11B2GeneProductENSG00000179142 (Ensembl)
CYP17A1GeneProductENSG00000148795 (Ensembl)
CYP19A1GeneProductENSG00000137869 (Ensembl)
CYP1A1GeneProductENSG00000140465 (Ensembl)
CYP1A2GeneProductENSG00000140505 (Ensembl)
CYP1B1GeneProductENSG00000138061 (Ensembl)
CYP20A1GeneProductENSG00000119004 (Ensembl)
CYP21A2GeneProduct1589 (Entrez Gene)
CYP24A1GeneProductENSG00000019186 (Ensembl)
CYP26A1GeneProductENSG00000095596 (Ensembl)
CYP26B1GeneProductENSG00000003137 (Ensembl)
CYP26C1GeneProductENSG00000187553 (Ensembl)
CYP27A1GeneProductENSG00000135929 (Ensembl)
CYP27B1GeneProductENSG00000111012 (Ensembl)
CYP27C1GeneProductENSG00000186684 (Ensembl)
CYP2A13GeneProductENSG00000197838 (Ensembl)
CYP2A6GeneProductENSG00000213052 (Ensembl)
CYP2A7GeneProductENSG00000198077 (Ensembl)
CYP2B6GeneProductENSG00000197408 (Ensembl)
CYP2C18GeneProductENSG00000108242 (Ensembl)
CYP2C19GeneProductENSG00000165841 (Ensembl)
CYP2C8GeneProductENSG00000138115 (Ensembl)
CYP2C9GeneProductENSG00000138109 (Ensembl)
CYP2D6GeneProductENSG00000100197 (Ensembl)
CYP2E1GeneProductENSG00000130649 (Ensembl)
CYP2F1GeneProductENSG00000197446 (Ensembl)
CYP2J2GeneProductENSG00000134716 (Ensembl)
CYP2R1GeneProductENSG00000186104 (Ensembl)
CYP2S1GeneProductENSG00000167600 (Ensembl)
CYP2U1GeneProductENSG00000155016 (Ensembl)
CYP2W1GeneProductENSG00000073067 (Ensembl)
CYP39A1GeneProductENSG00000146233 (Ensembl)
CYP3A43GeneProductENSG00000021461 (Ensembl)
CYP3A4GeneProductENSG00000160868 (Ensembl)
CYP3A5GeneProductENSG00000106258 (Ensembl)
CYP3A7GeneProductENSG00000160870 (Ensembl)
CYP450GeneProduct
CYP46A1GeneProductENSG00000036530 (Ensembl)
CYP4B1GeneProductENSG00000142973 (Ensembl)
CYP4F11GeneProductENSG00000171903 (Ensembl)
CYP4F12GeneProductENSG00000186204 (Ensembl)
CYP4F22GeneProductENSG00000171954 (Ensembl)
CYP4F2GeneProductENSG00000186115 (Ensembl)
CYP4F3GeneProductENSG00000186529 (Ensembl)
CYP4F8GeneProductENSG00000186526 (Ensembl)
CYP4V2GeneProductENSG00000145476 (Ensembl)
CYP4X1GeneProductENSG00000186377 (Ensembl)
CYP4Z1GeneProductENSG00000186160 (Ensembl)
CYP51A1GeneProductENSG00000001630 (Ensembl)
CYP7A1GeneProductENSG00000167910 (Ensembl)
CYP7B1GeneProductENSG00000172817 (Ensembl)
CYP8B1GeneProductENSG00000180432 (Ensembl)
EPHX1GeneProductENSG00000143819 (Ensembl)
EPHX2GeneProductENSG00000120915 (Ensembl)
FMO1GeneProductENSG00000010932 (Ensembl)
FMO2GeneProductENSG00000094963 (Ensembl)
FMO3GeneProductENSG00000007933 (Ensembl)
FMO4GeneProductENSG00000076258 (Ensembl)
FMO5GeneProductENSG00000131781 (Ensembl)
Flavin monooxygenaseGeneProduct
GAL3ST1GeneProductENSG00000128242 (Ensembl)
GAL3ST2GeneProductENSG00000154252 (Ensembl)
GAL3ST3GeneProductENSG00000175229 (Ensembl)
GAL3ST4GeneProductENSG00000197093 (Ensembl)
GLYATGeneProductENSG00000149124 (Ensembl)
GLYATL1GeneProductENSG00000166840 (Ensembl)
GLYATL2GeneProductENSG00000156689 (Ensembl)
GPX1GeneProductENSG00000197582 (Ensembl)
GPX2GeneProductENSG00000176153 (Ensembl)
GPX3GeneProductENSG00000211445 (Ensembl)
GPX4GeneProductENSG00000167468 (Ensembl)
GPX5GeneProductENSG00000079782 (Ensembl)
GSRGeneProductENSG00000104687 (Ensembl)
GSSGeneProductENSG00000100983 (Ensembl)
GSTA1GeneProductENSG00000187919 (Ensembl)
GSTA2GeneProductENSG00000096087 (Ensembl)
GSTA3GeneProductENSG00000174156 (Ensembl)
GSTA4GeneProductENSG00000170899 (Ensembl)
GSTA5GeneProductENSG00000182793 (Ensembl)
GSTCDGeneProductENSG00000138780 (Ensembl)
GSTK1GeneProductENSG00000197448 (Ensembl)
GSTM1GeneProductENSG00000134184 (Ensembl)
GSTM2GeneProductENSG00000213366 (Ensembl)
GSTM3GeneProductENSG00000134202 (Ensembl)
GSTM4GeneProductENSG00000168765 (Ensembl)
GSTM5GeneProductENSG00000134201 (Ensembl)
GSTO1GeneProductENSG00000148834 (Ensembl)
GSTO2GeneProductENSG00000065621 (Ensembl)
GSTP1GeneProductENSG00000084207 (Ensembl)
GSTT1GeneProductENSG00000184674 (Ensembl)
GSTT2BGeneProductENSG00000133433 (Ensembl)
GSTT2GeneProductENSG00000099984 (Ensembl)
GSTZ1GeneProductENSG00000100577 (Ensembl)
GlucuronosyltransferaseGeneProduct
Glutathione transferaseGeneProduct
HNMTGeneProductENSG00000150540 (Ensembl)
HS2ST1GeneProductENSG00000153936 (Ensembl)
HS3ST1GeneProductENSG00000002587 (Ensembl)
HS3ST2GeneProductENSG00000122254 (Ensembl)
HS3ST3A1GeneProductENSG00000153976 (Ensembl)
HS3ST3B1GeneProductENSG00000125430 (Ensembl)
HS3ST4GeneProductENSG00000182601 (Ensembl)
HS3ST5GeneProductENSG00000175818 (Ensembl)
HS3ST6GeneProductENSG00000162040 (Ensembl)
HS6ST1GeneProductENSG00000136720 (Ensembl)
HS6ST2GeneProductENSG00000171004 (Ensembl)
HS6ST3GeneProductENSG00000185352 (Ensembl)
INMTGeneProductENSG00000011177 (Ensembl)
KCNAB1GeneProductENSG00000169282 (Ensembl)
KCNAB2GeneProductENSG00000069424 (Ensembl)
KCNAB3GeneProductENSG00000170049 (Ensembl)
MGST1GeneProductENSG00000008394 (Ensembl)
MGST2GeneProductENSG00000085871 (Ensembl)
MGST3GeneProductENSG00000143198 (Ensembl)
MethyltransferaseGeneProduct
N-acetyltransferaseGeneProduct
NAT10GeneProductENSG00000135372 (Ensembl)
NAT11GeneProductENSG00000110583 (Ensembl)
NAT12GeneProductENSG00000139977 (Ensembl)
NAT13GeneProductENSG00000121579 (Ensembl)
NAT14GeneProductENSG00000090971 (Ensembl)
NAT1GeneProductENSG00000171428 (Ensembl)
NAT2GeneProductENSG00000156006 (Ensembl)
NAT5GeneProductENSG00000173418 (Ensembl)
NAT6GeneProductENSG00000214699 (Ensembl)
NAT8GeneProductENSG00000144035 (Ensembl)
NAT8LGeneProductENSG00000185818 (Ensembl)
NAT9GeneProductENSG00000109065 (Ensembl)
NDST1GeneProductENSG00000070614 (Ensembl)
NDST2GeneProductENSG00000166507 (Ensembl)
NDST3GeneProductENSG00000164100 (Ensembl)
NDST4GeneProductENSG00000138653 (Ensembl)
NNMTGeneProductENSG00000166741 (Ensembl)
SULT1A1GeneProductENSG00000196502 (Ensembl)
SULT1A2GeneProductENSG00000197165 (Ensembl)
SULT1A3GeneProductENSG00000213599 (Ensembl)
SULT1A4GeneProductENSG00000213648 (Ensembl)
SULT1B1GeneProductENSG00000173597 (Ensembl)
SULT1C1GeneProductENSG00000198203 (Ensembl)
SULT1C2GeneProductENSG00000198075 (Ensembl)
SULT1C3GeneProductENSG00000196228 (Ensembl)
SULT1C4GeneProduct27233 (Entrez Gene)
SULT1E1GeneProductENSG00000109193 (Ensembl)
SULT2A1GeneProductENSG00000105398 (Ensembl)
SULT2B1GeneProductENSG00000088002 (Ensembl)
SULT4A1GeneProductENSG00000130540 (Ensembl)
SULT6B1GeneProductENSG00000138068 (Ensembl)
Substrate-AaMetabolite
Substrate-AcMetabolite
Substrate-CH3Metabolite
Substrate-GlMetabolite
Substrate-NH2Metabolite
Substrate-O-RMetabolite
Substrate-OHMetabolite
Substrate-SGMetabolite
Substrate-SHMetabolite
Substrate-SO3HMetabolite
Substrate=OMetabolite
SulfotransferaseGeneProduct
TPMTGeneProductENSG00000137364 (Ensembl)
UGT1A10GeneProduct54575 (Entrez Gene)
UGT1A1GeneProduct54658 (Entrez Gene)
UGT1A3GeneProduct54659 (Entrez Gene)
UGT1A4GeneProduct54657 (Entrez Gene)
UGT1A5GeneProduct54579 (Entrez Gene)
UGT1A6GeneProduct54578 (Entrez Gene)
UGT1A7GeneProduct54577 (Entrez Gene)
UGT1A8GeneProductENSG00000167165 (Ensembl)
UGT1A9GeneProduct54600 (Entrez Gene)
UGT2A1GeneProductENSG00000173610 (Ensembl)
UGT2A2GeneProduct574537 (Entrez Gene)
UGT2A3GeneProductENSG00000135220 (Ensembl)
UGT2B11GeneProductENSG00000213759 (Ensembl)
UGT2B15GeneProductENSG00000197592 (Ensembl)
UGT2B17GeneProductENSG00000197888 (Ensembl)
UGT2B28GeneProductENSG00000135226 (Ensembl)
UGT2B4GeneProductENSG00000156096 (Ensembl)
UGT2B7GeneProductENSG00000171234 (Ensembl)
Xenobiotic substrateMetabolite

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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