Ophthalmate biosynthesis in hepatocytes (Homo sapiens)

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31, 4 hepatocyteGCSMRP-transporterCysgamma-Glu-CysGSH2ABgamma-Glu-2ABophthalmate1, 21, 4GS1, 2ophthalmate


Description

This pathway visualises the mechanism of ophthalmate biosynthesis in hepatocytes. GSH can inhibits GCC; however when the cell is facing oxidative stress, GSH is consumed, and therefore activating GCS. This enhances the biosynthesis of ophthalmate, which is transported out of the cell over the hepatocellular membrane via MRP transporters.

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Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

  1. Orlowski M, Wilk S; ''Synthesis of ophthalmic acid in liver and kidney in vivo.''; Biochem J, 1978 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Soga T, Baran R, Suematsu M, Ueno Y, Ikeda S, Sakurakawa T, Kakazu Y, Ishikawa T, Robert M, Nishioka T, Tomita M; ''Differential metabolomics reveals ophthalmic acid as an oxidative stress biomarker indicating hepatic glutathione consumption.''; J Biol Chem, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Oppenheimer L, Wellner VP, Griffith OW, Meister A; ''Glutathione synthetase. Purification from rat kidney and mapping of the substrate binding sites.''; J Biol Chem, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Huang CS, Moore WR, Meister A; ''On the active site thiol of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase: relationships to catalysis, inhibition, and regulation.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1988 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
134765view00:35, 27 July 2024EweitzMitigate graphical discrepancy between PathVisio and Kaavio / Pvjs
134764view00:33, 27 July 2024EweitzStandardize case
102376view13:07, 21 December 2018MkutmonLayout
102363view20:58, 20 December 2018EgonwFixed a data source.
102355view19:20, 20 December 2018DeSlOntology Term : 'glutathione metabolic pathway' added !
102354view19:19, 20 December 2018DeSlOntology Term : 'hepatocyte' added !
102353view19:18, 20 December 2018DeSlModified description
102352view19:15, 20 December 2018DeSlNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
2ABMetaboliteQ27104317 (Wikidata) aka 2-aminobutyrate
CysMetaboliteQ186474 (Wikidata)
GCSProtein6.3.2.2 (Enzyme Nomenclature) aka Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (GCL) (EC 6.3.2.2), previously known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS)
GSProtein6.3.2.3 (Enzyme Nomenclature) aka Glutathione synthetase (GSS)
GSHMetaboliteQ116907 (Wikidata) aka glutathione
MRP-transporterProtein
gamma-Glu-2ABMetabolite78437958 (PubChem-compound) aka gamma-Glutamyl-2-aminobutyrate
gamma-Glu-CysMetaboliteQ288236 (Wikidata)
ophthalmateMetaboliteQ7098084 (TTD Drug) aka ophthalmic acid
ophthalmateMetaboliteQ7098084 (Wikidata) aka ophthalmic acid

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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