Ras signaling (Homo sapiens)

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Description

Ras proteins are small GTPases and are involved in transmitting signals within cells. In this way, Ras signaling controls many downstream processes, including cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration and differentiation.

Ras proteins exists in two states, inactive while bound to GDP and active while bound to GTP. The exchange of GTP for GDP on RAS proteins is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Activated RAS regulates cellular functions through a set of effector molecules, including Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ral guanine nucleotide-dissociation stimulator (RALGDS).

Mutations in Ras genes can lead to the production of permanently activated Ras proteins. Because these signals result in cell growth and division, overactive Ras signaling can ultimately lead to cancer. The 3 Ras genes in humans (HRas, KRas, and NRas) are the most common oncogenes in human cancer; mutations that permanently activate Ras are found in 20% to 25% of all human tumors and up to 90% in certain types of cancer.

Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [CPTAC Assay Portal](https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP4223).

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Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

  1. Reuther GW, Der CJ; ''The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don't fall far from the tree.''; Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. ''KEGG Ras Signaling Pathway''; https://www.kegg.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?pathway+hsa04014,

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
140451view22:15, 25 August 2025KhanspersModified description
140387view22:28, 15 August 2025Khanspersupdated ptms
140097view02:07, 26 July 2025Khanspersoptimize layout, update interactions with labels
140029view19:11, 19 July 2025EgonwCalcium ion with unicode
137106view22:57, 27 February 2025KhanspersModified description
135177view02:06, 7 August 2024EweitzClear cache to fix board height
135176view02:05, 7 August 2024EweitzRestore state positions, align anchors, tailor node widths
127495view18:41, 11 October 2023Khanspersadded phosphosite for BAD
127494view18:38, 11 October 2023Khanspersfixed typo
127396view19:53, 29 September 2023Khanspersupdated phosphosites
119284view10:49, 23 June 2021Finterlyadded KEGG pathway info to publicationXref, removed duplicate info
116590view16:28, 8 May 2021EweitzModified title
107655view08:35, 25 October 2019DeSlConverted MIM-conversions to Arrow between GeneProducts/Proteins.
106500view21:45, 4 September 2019KhanspersModified description
105681view23:24, 12 August 2019KhanspersModified description
105675view21:57, 12 August 2019Khanspersupdated layout
105441view04:53, 8 August 2019KhanspersModified description
105368view15:05, 5 August 2019DeSlUpdating last title field to show reference to Kegg PW correctly.
105367view15:00, 5 August 2019DeSlUpdating PW ref to see title.
105366view14:58, 5 August 2019DeSlAdded lit. ref for Ras -> RalGDS stimulation.
105343view00:32, 2 August 2019KhanspersAdded KEGG reference
105342view00:31, 2 August 2019KhanspersModified description
105341view00:14, 2 August 2019Khanspersnew layout
105340view23:52, 1 August 2019Khanspersupdated layout - work in progress
96928view17:53, 20 April 2018Khanspersremoved duplicated node
96927view17:21, 20 April 2018Khanspersrefined layout and added phosphosites
96441view08:03, 15 March 2018EgonwReplaced secondary ChEBI identifiers with primary identifiers.
96363view22:23, 9 March 2018KhanspersModified description
96274view17:30, 4 March 2018KhanspersOntology Term : 'growth factor signaling pathway' added !
96273view17:29, 4 March 2018KhanspersOntology Term : 'Ras superfamily mediated signaling pathway' added !
96238view06:54, 2 March 2018KhanspersModified description
96237view06:52, 2 March 2018KhanspersModified description
96236view06:51, 2 March 2018KhanspersNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ABL1GeneProductENSG00000097007 (Ensembl)
ABL2GeneProductENSG00000143322 (Ensembl)
AFDNGeneProduct4301 (Entrez Gene)
AKT1GeneProductENSG00000142208 (Ensembl)
AKT2GeneProductENSG00000105221 (Ensembl)
AKT3GeneProductENSG00000117020 (Ensembl)
ARF6GeneProductENSG00000165527 (Ensembl)
BADGeneProductENSG00000002330 (Ensembl)
BCL2L1GeneProductENSG00000171552 (Ensembl)
BRAPGeneProductENSG00000089234 (Ensembl)
BUB1B-PAK6GeneProductENSG00000259288 (Ensembl)
CALM1GeneProductENSG00000198668 (Ensembl)
CALM2GeneProductENSG00000143933 (Ensembl)
CALM3GeneProductENSG00000160014 (Ensembl)
CALML3GeneProductENSG00000178363 (Ensembl)
CALML4GeneProductENSG00000129007 (Ensembl)
CALML5GeneProductENSG00000178372 (Ensembl)
CALML6GeneProductENSG00000169885 (Ensembl)
CDC42GeneProductENSG00000070831 (Ensembl)
CHUKGeneProductENSG00000213341 (Ensembl)
CSF1RGeneProductENSG00000182578 (Ensembl)
Ca2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29108 (ChEBI)
DAGMetaboliteCHEBI:18035 (ChEBI)
EGFRGeneProductENSG00000146648 (Ensembl)
ELK1GeneProductENSG00000126767 (Ensembl)
EPHA2GeneProductENSG00000142627 (Ensembl)
ETS1GeneProductENSG00000134954 (Ensembl)
ETS2GeneProductENSG00000157557 (Ensembl)
EXOC2GeneProductENSG00000112685 (Ensembl)
FASLGGeneProductENSG00000117560 (Ensembl)
FGFR1GeneProductENSG00000077782 (Ensembl)
FGFR2GeneProductENSG00000066468 (Ensembl)
FGFR3GeneProductENSG00000068078 (Ensembl)
FGFR4GeneProductENSG00000160867 (Ensembl)
FLT1GeneProductENSG00000102755 (Ensembl)
FLT3GeneProductENSG00000122025 (Ensembl)
FLT4GeneProductENSG00000037280 (Ensembl)
FOXO4GeneProductENSG00000184481 (Ensembl)
GAB1GeneProductENSG00000109458 (Ensembl)
GAB2GeneProductENSG00000033327 (Ensembl)
GDPMetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GNB1GeneProductENSG00000078369 (Ensembl)
GNB2GeneProductENSG00000172354 (Ensembl)
GNB3GeneProductENSG00000111664 (Ensembl)
GNB4GeneProductENSG00000114450 (Ensembl)
GNB5GeneProductENSG00000069966 (Ensembl)
GNG10GeneProductENSG00000242616 (Ensembl)
GNG11GeneProductENSG00000127920 (Ensembl)
GNG12GeneProductENSG00000172380 (Ensembl)
GNG13GeneProductENSG00000127588 (Ensembl)
GNG2GeneProductENSG00000186469 (Ensembl)
GNG3GeneProductENSG00000162188 (Ensembl)
GNG4GeneProductENSG00000168243 (Ensembl)
GNG5GeneProductENSG00000174021 (Ensembl)
GNG7GeneProductENSG00000176533 (Ensembl)
GNG8GeneProductENSG00000167414 (Ensembl)
GNGT1GeneProductENSG00000127928 (Ensembl)
GNGT2GeneProductENSG00000167083 (Ensembl)
GRB2GeneProductENSG00000177885 (Ensembl)
GRIN1GeneProductENSG00000176884 (Ensembl)
GRIN2AGeneProductENSG00000183454 (Ensembl)
GRIN2BGeneProductENSG00000273079 (Ensembl)
GTPMetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
HRASGeneProductENSG00000174775 (Ensembl)
HTR7GeneProductENSG00000148680 (Ensembl)
IGF1RGeneProductENSG00000140443 (Ensembl)
IKBKBGeneProductENSG00000104365 (Ensembl)
IKBKGGeneProductENSG00000269335 (Ensembl)
INSRGeneProductENSG00000171105 (Ensembl)
IP3MetaboliteCHEBI:16595 (ChEBI)
JMJD7-PLA2G4BGeneProductENSG00000168970 (Ensembl)
KDRGeneProductENSG00000128052 (Ensembl)
KITGeneProductENSG00000157404 (Ensembl)
KRASGeneProductENSG00000133703 (Ensembl)
KSR1GeneProductENSG00000141068 (Ensembl)
KSR2GeneProductENSG00000171435 (Ensembl)
LATGeneProduct27040 (Entrez Gene)
MAP2K1GeneProductENSG00000169032 (Ensembl)
MAP2K2GeneProductENSG00000126934 (Ensembl)
MAPK10GeneProductENSG00000109339 (Ensembl)
MAPK1GeneProductENSG00000100030 (Ensembl)
MAPK3GeneProductENSG00000102882 (Ensembl)
MAPK8GeneProductENSG00000107643 (Ensembl)
MAPK9GeneProductENSG00000050748 (Ensembl)
METGeneProduct4233 (Entrez Gene)
MRASGeneProductENSG00000158186 (Ensembl)
NF1GeneProduct4763 (Entrez Gene)
NFKB1GeneProductENSG00000109320 (Ensembl)
NGFRGeneProductENSG00000064300 (Ensembl)
NRASGeneProductENSG00000213281 (Ensembl)
NTRK1GeneProductENSG00000198400 (Ensembl)
NTRK2GeneProductENSG00000148053 (Ensembl)
PAK1GeneProductENSG00000149269 (Ensembl)
PAK2GeneProductENSG00000180370 (Ensembl)
PAK3GeneProductENSG00000077264 (Ensembl)
PAK4GeneProductENSG00000130669 (Ensembl)
PAK5GeneProductENSG00000101349 (Ensembl)
PAK6GeneProductENSG00000137843 (Ensembl)
PDGFRAGeneProductENSG00000134853 (Ensembl)
PDGFRBGeneProductENSG00000113721 (Ensembl)
PIK3CAGeneProductENSG00000121879 (Ensembl)
PIK3CBGeneProductENSG00000051382 (Ensembl)
PIK3CDGeneProductENSG00000171608 (Ensembl)
PIK3R1GeneProductENSG00000145675 (Ensembl)
PIK3R2GeneProductENSG00000105647 (Ensembl)
PIK3R3GeneProductENSG00000117461 (Ensembl)
PIP3MetaboliteCHEBI:16618 (ChEBI)
PLA1AGeneProductENSG00000144837 (Ensembl)
PLA2G10GeneProductENSG00000069764 (Ensembl)
PLA2G12AGeneProductENSG00000123739 (Ensembl)
PLA2G12BGeneProductENSG00000138308 (Ensembl)
PLA2G16GeneProductENSG00000176485 (Ensembl)
PLA2G1BGeneProductENSG00000170890 (Ensembl)
PLA2G2AGeneProductENSG00000188257 (Ensembl)
PLA2G2CGeneProductENSG00000187980 (Ensembl)
PLA2G2DGeneProductENSG00000117215 (Ensembl)
PLA2G2EGeneProductENSG00000188784 (Ensembl)
PLA2G2FGeneProductENSG00000158786 (Ensembl)
PLA2G3GeneProductENSG00000100078 (Ensembl)
PLA2G4AGeneProductENSG00000116711 (Ensembl)
PLA2G4BGeneProductENSG00000243708 (Ensembl)
PLA2G4CGeneProductENSG00000105499 (Ensembl)
PLA2G4DGeneProductENSG00000159337 (Ensembl)
PLA2G4EGeneProductENSG00000188089 (Ensembl)
PLA2G4FGeneProductENSG00000168907 (Ensembl)
PLA2G5GeneProductENSG00000127472 (Ensembl)
PLA2G6GeneProductENSG00000184381 (Ensembl)
PLCE1GeneProductENSG00000138193 (Ensembl)
PLCG1GeneProductENSG00000124181 (Ensembl)
PLCG2GeneProductENSG00000197943 (Ensembl)
PLD1GeneProductENSG00000075651 (Ensembl)
PLD2GeneProductENSG00000129219 (Ensembl)
PRKACAGeneProductENSG00000072062 (Ensembl)
PRKACBGeneProductENSG00000142875 (Ensembl)
PRKACGGeneProductENSG00000165059 (Ensembl)
PRKCAGeneProductENSG00000154229 (Ensembl)
PRKCBGeneProductENSG00000166501 (Ensembl)
PRKCGGeneProductENSG00000126583 (Ensembl)
PTPN11GeneProductENSG00000179295 (Ensembl)
RAB5AGeneProductENSG00000144566 (Ensembl)
RAB5BGeneProductENSG00000111540 (Ensembl)
RAB5CGeneProductENSG00000108774 (Ensembl)
RAC1GeneProductENSG00000136238 (Ensembl)
RAC2GeneProductENSG00000128340 (Ensembl)
RAC3GeneProductENSG00000169750 (Ensembl)
RAF1GeneProductENSG00000132155 (Ensembl)
RALAGeneProductENSG00000006451 (Ensembl)
RALBGeneProductENSG00000144118 (Ensembl)
RALBP1GeneProductENSG00000017797 (Ensembl)
RALGDSGeneProductENSG00000160271 (Ensembl)
RAP1AGeneProductENSG00000116473 (Ensembl)
RAP1BGeneProductENSG00000127314 (Ensembl)
RAPGEF5GeneProductENSG00000136237 (Ensembl)
RASA1GeneProductENSG00000145715 (Ensembl)
RASA2GeneProductENSG00000155903 (Ensembl)
RASA3GeneProductENSG00000185989 (Ensembl)
RASA4BGeneProductENSG00000170667 (Ensembl)
RASA4GeneProductENSG00000105808 (Ensembl)
RASAL1GeneProductENSG00000111344 (Ensembl)
RASAL2GeneProductENSG00000075391 (Ensembl)
RASAL3GeneProductENSG00000105122 (Ensembl)
RASGRF1GeneProductENSG00000058335 (Ensembl)
RASGRF2GeneProductENSG00000113319 (Ensembl)
RASGRP1GeneProductENSG00000172575 (Ensembl)
RASGRP2GeneProductENSG00000068831 (Ensembl)
RASGRP3GeneProductENSG00000152689 (Ensembl)
RASGRP4GeneProductENSG00000171777 (Ensembl)
RASSF1GeneProductENSG00000068028 (Ensembl)
RASSF5GeneProductENSG00000266094 (Ensembl)
RELGeneProduct5966 (Entrez Gene)
RELAGeneProduct5970 (Entrez Gene)
RGL1GeneProductENSG00000143344 (Ensembl)
RGL2GeneProductENSG00000237441 (Ensembl)
RHOAGeneProductENSG00000067560 (Ensembl)
RIN1GeneProductENSG00000174791 (Ensembl)
RRAS2GeneProductENSG00000133818 (Ensembl)
RRASGeneProductENSG00000126458 (Ensembl)
SHC1GeneProductENSG00000160691 (Ensembl)
SHC2GeneProductENSG00000129946 (Ensembl)
SHC3GeneProductENSG00000148082 (Ensembl)
SHC4GeneProductENSG00000185634 (Ensembl)
SHOC2GeneProductENSG00000108061 (Ensembl)
SOS1GeneProductENSG00000115904 (Ensembl)
SOS2GeneProductENSG00000100485 (Ensembl)
STK4GeneProductENSG00000101109 (Ensembl)
SYNGAP1GeneProductENSG00000197283 (Ensembl)
TEKGeneProductENSG00000120156 (Ensembl)
TIAM1GeneProductENSG00000156299 (Ensembl)
TTBK1GeneProductENSG00000146216 (Ensembl)
ZAP70GeneProductENSG00000115085 (Ensembl)
cAMPMetaboliteCHEBI:17489 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP4223"