The N-terminal fragment of ATF6-alpha contains a bZIP domain and binds the sequence CCACG in ER Stress Response Elements (ERSEs). ATF6-alpha binds ERSEs together with the heterotrimeric transcription factor NF-Y, which binds the sequence CCAAT in the ERSEs, and together the two factors activate transcription of ER stress-responsive genes. Evidence from overexpression and knockdowns indicates that ATF6-alpha is a potent activator but its homolog ATF6-beta is not and ATF6-beta may actually reduce expression of ER stress proteins.
Yoshida H, Okada T, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Negishi M, Mori K.; ''ATF6 activated by proteolysis binds in the presence of NF-Y (CBF) directly to the cis-acting element responsible for the mammalian unfolded protein response.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Maki RG, Old LJ, Srivastava PK.; ''Human homologue of murine tumor rejection antigen gp96: 5'-regulatory and coding regions and relationship to stress-induced proteins.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Yoshida H, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K.; ''Identification of the cis-acting endoplasmic reticulum stress response element responsible for transcriptional induction of mammalian glucose-regulated proteins. Involvement of basic leucine zipper transcription factors.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Thuerauf DJ, Morrison L, Glembotski CC.; ''Opposing roles for ATF6alpha and ATF6beta in endoplasmic reticulum stress response gene induction.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wang Y, Shen J, Arenzana N, Tirasophon W, Kaufman RJ, Prywes R.; ''Activation of ATF6 and an ATF6 DNA binding site by the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee AS.; ''ATF6 as a transcription activator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress element: thapsigargin stress-induced changes and synergistic interactions with NF-Y and YY1.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Takayanagi S, Fukuda R, Takeuchi Y, Tsukada S, Yoshida K.; ''Gene regulatory network of unfolded protein response genes in endoplasmic reticulum stress.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Fox RM, Andrew DJ.; ''Transcriptional regulation of secretory capacity by bZip transcription factors.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Okada T, Yoshida H, Akazawa R, Negishi M, Mori K.; ''Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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