2-acetyl-1-pyrroline pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)

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Mitochondria23HeatNot in plantsChloroplastMitochondriaPIIAcetyl group1-deoxyosone fructoseNOglucoseglucoseglutamate N-acetyltransferase carbamoyl-P-synthaseMaillardGlutamineCatalystGlc/ProNicotinatearg decarboxylasenitric oxide synthase nicotinate N-methyltransferase Apoptosis, stress-related metabolism, cell growth inhibitionCysteine/cystinecitrulline trigonelline PyrolysisagmatineL-arginino-succinateStreckerdelta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate2-acetyl-1-pyrrolinePyrroleornithine carbamoyltransferase 1-deoxy-2,3-glucosoneProlino+fructoseargininosuccinatelyase dihiydro-diacetyl-formoincarbamoyl-phosphate argininosuccinate synthase adenosylmethionine decarboxylase24L-ornithine ammonia-lyase arginaseδ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase dehydrogenase4-amino-butyraldehyde4-amino-butyraldehydeN-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphateStrecker 2-oxopropanalN-acetyl-L-ornithinePutrescinebetaine aldehyde dehydrogenase BADH2, 9ornithine decarboxylase proline dehydrogenase 13, 23REDUCTASE 1-pyrrolineGlutamic-semialdehydePROC1polyamine oxidase 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase Spermidine11N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthaseL-ornithine acetylglutamate kinaseNicotine2-acetyl-1-pyrrolineChlorophyllMaillardGamma Aminobutyric AcidBADHArginineacetylornithine transaminase 2-oxopropanalS-adenosylmethionine spermidine synthase acetylornithine deacetylaseN-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde N-acetyl-glutamateOrn-δ-aminotransferase L-Glutamic acidL-Proline


Description

2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, abbreviated 2AP, with the IUPAC name 1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)ethanone, is an aroma compound and flavor that gives white bread, jasmine rice and basmati rice, the spice pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius), and bread flowers (Vallaris glabra) their customary smell. Source: Wikipedia

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Bibliography

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History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
125975view14:18, 23 March 2023Mkutmonfixed some of the publication references
117228view09:44, 19 May 2021EweitzModified title
111761view14:33, 5 September 2020DeSlUpdated ID for BADH
105904view11:36, 16 August 2019MkutmonHMDB identifier normalization
102413view08:46, 23 December 2018EgonwCompleted a few references.
96603view10:55, 23 March 2018EgonwReplaced a secondary ChEBI identifier with a primary identifier.
96262view19:36, 2 March 2018EgonwReplaced a Wikipedia URL with the corresponding Wikidata ID.
94916view00:39, 13 October 2017Khanspersupdate in progress
92695view18:57, 28 June 2017Khansperscleanup
92691view18:41, 28 June 2017Khansperscleanup
92690view18:25, 28 June 2017Khanspersupdates to style
91901view20:44, 3 April 2017KhanspersModified description
91899view20:29, 3 April 2017KhanspersRemoved comment
89052view22:48, 18 August 2016AriuttaOntology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
89050view22:44, 18 August 2016AriuttaConsistent TextLabel for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Annotate as CHEBI:67125.
89049view22:31, 18 August 2016AriuttaModified title
85617view09:47, 3 June 2016EgonwNumeric NCBI gene ID for the gene.
80415view17:57, 18 June 2015KhanspersModified title
80406view09:17, 16 June 2015Mkutmonremoved whitespaces from identifiers
79837view07:49, 18 April 2015EgonwFixed the PubChem-compound data source names, and looked up the CID for PubChem-substance identifiers.
79824view08:25, 17 April 2015EgonwFixed the PubChem-compound data source name.
79800view16:19, 16 April 2015Mkutmonfixed unconnected lines
79683view19:27, 4 April 2015AlexanderPicoModified title
79663view08:33, 2 April 2015EgonwUpdated a few 'PubChem' identifiers to be 'PubChem-compound' identifiers.
79662view08:14, 2 April 2015EgonwUpdated the 'Enzyme Nomenclature' data source name.
79661view08:13, 2 April 2015EgonwUpdated the 'KEGG Compound' data source name.
79660view06:00, 2 April 2015EgonwFixed the type of two metabolites.
79614view21:36, 27 March 2015CarlopozziNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
2-oxopropanalMetabolite880 (PubChem-compound) this is the active sugar fragment in the formation of 2AP
trigonelline Metabolite535-83-1 (CAS)
1-deoxy-2,3-glucosoneMetabolite
1-deoxyosone fructoseMetabolite470-23-5 (CAS)
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase GeneProduct836373 (Entrez Gene) R00707
1-pyrrolineMetabolite79803 (PubChem-compound)
2-acetyl-1-pyrrolineMetaboliteCHEBI:67125 (ChEBI) 99583-29-6 CAS
4-amino-butyraldehydeMetaboliteC00555 (KEGG Compound)
Acetyl group
Apoptosis, stress-related metabolism, cell growth inhibitionPathway
ArginineMetabolite5231987 (PubChem-compound)
  • Not found in smoke
  • N storage form in plants
BADHGeneProduct1.2.1.8 (Enzyme Nomenclature) Original ID from KEGG Genes
CatalystGeneProduct3.5.3.11 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
ChlorophyllMetaboliteC05307 (KEGG Compound)
Cysteine/cystineMetabolite
Gamma Aminobutyric AcidMetaboliteQ210021 (Wikidata)
Glc/ProMetabolite
Glutamic-semialdehydeMetabolite193305 (PubChem-compound)
GlutamineMetabolite56-85-9 (CAS)
L-Glutamic acidMetaboliteHMDB0000148 (HMDB)
  • one of the major sources of free aa in burley
  • Present even in smoke
L-ProlineMetaboliteHMDB0000162 (HMDB)
  • Proline in burley: Sweet, caramelized, slightly ash like, rather flat Nutty/Toasted, Sweet, earthy. Proline in FC: Slightly phenolic, smokey, nutty/ pyrazine, meaty, slightly green/ vegetable, acidic Smoky, ashes like, toasted, earthy
  • Present even in Smoke (Schmeltz and Hoffman, 1977)
  • increase (anomaly) during curing for both FC and AC
  • More proline in green does not translate into more proline in cured (Bovet et al., 2010, Q2 report)
L-arginino-succinateMetaboliteC03406 (KEGG Compound)
L-ornithine Metabolite6992088 (PubChem-compound)
  • Present even in smoke
  • when ornithine was used in a thermal desorber, traces amounts of 2AP were formed
L-ornithine ammonia-lyase GeneProduct4.3.1.12 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R00671
MaillardR0013PMI
N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde Metabolite192878 (PubChem-compound)
N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthaseGeneProduct2.3.1.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R00259
N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphateMetabolite440236 (PubChem-compound)
N-acetyl-L-ornithineMetabolite439232 (PubChem-compound)
N-acetyl-glutamateMetaboliteC00624 (KEGG Compound)
NOMetabolite10102-43-9 (CAS)
NicotinateMetaboliteC00253 (KEGG Compound)
NicotineMetabolite
Orn-δ-aminotransferase GeneProduct2.6.1.13 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
PIIGeneProduct
PROC1GeneProductAT5G14800 (Ensembl) R01248
Prolino+fructoseMetabolite
  • The addition of proline + fructose in Burley tobacco reduced typical Burley harshness and provided some sweetness, thereby confirming the evaluation made by F. Aramendy and S. Battram (see above). On the other hand, addition of proline + fructose in FC tobacco showed no significant difference at 95% confidence level.
  • • The addition of proline plus fructose or prolinofructose enhances nutty/roasted notes in distillation in both cut-filler and tobacco extrudate most likely due, based on GC-O analyses, to the formation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (pop-corn) in the aerosol
PutrescineMetaboliteC00134 (KEGG Compound)
PyrolysisPathway
PyrroleMetabolite109-97-7 (CAS) pyrrole is not the major decomposition product of proline under smoking conditions
REDUCTASE GeneProduct1.2.1.38 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R03443
S-adenosylmethionine Metabolite24762165 (PubChem-compound)
SpermidineMetabolite6992097 (PubChem-compound) used in tobacco, in thermal desorbtion, in comb. with 2-oxopropanol
StreckerR0012PMI
acetylglutamate kinaseGeneProduct2.7.2.8 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R02649
acetylornithine deacetylaseGeneProduct3.5.1.16 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • R00669
  • R00669
acetylornithine transaminase GeneProduct2.6.1.11 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • Available also in tomato
  • R02283
adenosylmethionine decarboxylase GeneProduct
agmatineMetaboliteC00179 (KEGG Compound)
arg decarboxylaseGeneProduct4.1.1.19 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
arginaseGeneProduct3.5.3.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R02458
argininosuccinate lyase GeneProduct4.3.2.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
argininosuccinate synthase GeneProduct6.3.4.5 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase BADHGeneProductC00555 (KEGG Compound) R02549
carbamoyl-P-synthaseGeneProduct6.3.5.5 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
carbamoyl-phosphate MetaboliteC00169 (KEGG Compound)
citrulline MetaboliteC00327 (KEGG Compound)
dehydrogenaseGeneProduct1.5.1.12 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
delta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylateMetaboliteC03912 (KEGG Compound)
dihiydro-diacetyl-formoinMetabolite
glucoseMetaboliteCHEBI:17234 (ChEBI)
glutamate N-acetyltransferase GeneProduct2.3.1.35 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
nicotinate N-methyltransferase GeneProduct2.1.1.7 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
nitric oxide synthase GeneProduct1.14.13.39 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
ornithine carbamoyltransferase GeneProduct2.1.3.3 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
ornithine decarboxylase GeneProduct4.1.1.17 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R00670
polyamine oxidase GeneProduct1.5.99.6 (Enzyme Nomenclature) R01915
proline dehydrogenase GeneProduct1.5.99.8 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • R01248
  • R01253 corresponding to 1.5.99.8
spermidine synthase GeneProduct2.5.1.16 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • R01151
  • R01155
  • R08714
  • R01920 sperimidine synthase
δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase GeneProduct1.5.1.12 (Enzyme Nomenclature)
  • NtPMIestA83C_CL2057Contig2
  • R00245

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2909"
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