Glycogen metabolism (Danio rerio)

From WikiPathways

Revision as of 08:46, 28 July 2017 by Elisa (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
GlycolysisDegradationSynthesisPhosphorylase KinaseSer/Thr Protein Phosphatase 2ACALM2pgm1UDP-glucoseUGP2Glucose-1-phosphatePHKG1PPP2R1AGlucose-6-phosphatezgc:56064Glycogenppp2r5cGYGgys2ppp2r1bppp2r2dPYGLLOC554439pygbGSK3ALOC562282zgc:77529ppp2cbGlucose 1-phosphatephkg2DKEYP-38B6.1ppp2r5ebppp2r4GYG2Glycogenpygmaim:6895423gsk3baglGlucoseUGP2LOC559212Glycogen (n+1)LOC556199cAMPGlycogen (n+1)zgc:123166ppp2r5aPHKA1CALM1CALM3LOC100001644LOC569706


Description

Glycogen is a very large, branched polymer of glucose residues. Within skeletal muscle and liver glucose is stored as glycogen. In the liver, glycogen synthesis and degradation are regulated to maintain blood-glucose levels as required to meet the needs of the organism as a whole. In contrast, in muscle, these processes are regulated to meet the energy needs of the muscle itself.

Glycogen synthesis is, unlike its breakdown, endergonic. This means that glycogen synthesis requires the input of energy. Energy for glycogen synthesis comes from UTP, which reacts with glucose-1-phosphate, forming UDP-glucose, in reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Glycogen is synthesized from monomers of UDP-glucose by the enzyme glycogen synthase, which progressively lengthens the glycogen chain with (a1->4) bonded glucose. As glycogen synthase can only lengthen an existing chain, the protein glycogenin is needed to initiate the synthesis of glycogen. The glycogen-branching enzyme, amylo (a1->4) to (a1->6) transglycosylase, catalyzes the transfer of a terminal fragment of 6-7 glucose residues from a nonreducing end to the C-6 hydroxyl group of a glucose residue deeper into the interior of the glycogen molecule. The branching enzyme can act upon only a branch having at least 11 residues, and the enzyme may transfer to the same glucose chain or adjacent glucose chains.

Glycogen degradation consists of three steps: (1) the release of glucose 1-phosphate from glycogen, (2) the remodeling of the glycogen substrate to permit further degradation, and (3) the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate for further metabolism.

Information partly derived from "Biochemistry" by Stryer and Wikipedia.

Comments

HomologyConvert 
This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway WP500(r21730) with a 56% conversion rate.

Try the New WikiPathways

View approved pathways at the new wikipathways.org.

Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

No bibliography


History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
116877view10:59, 15 May 2021EweitzModified title
106082view11:59, 16 August 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
93076view08:46, 28 July 2017ElisaFix unconnected lines
93050view12:17, 27 July 2017DeSlChanged glucose ID to D-glucose ID; changed glucose-6-phosphate ID (from 6-sulfate to 6-phosphate)
89811view11:48, 6 October 2016Mkutmonfixed description
71883view10:23, 19 October 2013EgonwAdded a bunch of missing metabolite identifiers.
70235view21:23, 15 July 2013MaintBotupdated to 2013 schema
67304view10:34, 26 June 2013Christine ChichesterOntology Term : 'glycogen metabolic pathway' added !
40801view22:16, 1 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
35734view23:41, 12 February 2010AlexanderPico
34190view21:25, 9 December 2009MaintBotAutomatic update of empty xrefs
31963view13:05, 14 August 2009MaintBotFixed group labels
31100view01:41, 30 July 2009MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
CALM1GeneProduct
CALM2GeneProduct
CALM3GeneProduct
DKEYP-38B6.1GeneProduct565849 (Entrez Gene)
GSK3AGeneProduct30664 (Entrez Gene)
GYGGeneProduct
GYG2GeneProduct
Glucose 1-phosphateMetaboliteHMDB01586 (HMDB)
Glucose-1-phosphateMetaboliteCHEBI:29042 (ChEBI)
Glucose-6-phosphateMetaboliteHMDB01401 (HMDB)
GlucoseMetaboliteCHEBI:17634 (ChEBI)
Glycogen (n+1)MetaboliteCHEBI:28087 (ChEBI)
GlycogenMetaboliteCHEBI:28087 (ChEBI)
LOC100001644GeneProduct100001644 (Entrez Gene)
LOC554439GeneProduct554439 (Entrez Gene)
LOC556199GeneProduct556199 (Entrez Gene)
LOC559212GeneProduct559212 (Entrez Gene)
LOC562282GeneProduct562282 (Entrez Gene)
LOC569706GeneProduct569706 (Entrez Gene)
PHKA1GeneProduct572183 (Entrez Gene)
PHKG1GeneProduct
PPP2R1AGeneProduct406685 (Entrez Gene)
PYGLGeneProduct493916 (Entrez Gene)
UDP-glucoseMetaboliteHMDB00286 (HMDB)
UGP2GeneProduct
aglGeneProduct567798 (Entrez Gene)
cAMPMetaboliteHMDB00058 (HMDB)
gsk3bGeneProduct30654 (Entrez Gene)
gys2GeneProduct373082 (Entrez Gene)
im:6895423GeneProduct566032 (Entrez Gene)
pgm1GeneProduct394000 (Entrez Gene)
phkg2GeneProduct393937 (Entrez Gene)
ppp2cbGeneProduct406582 (Entrez Gene)
ppp2r1bGeneProduct449548 (Entrez Gene)
ppp2r2dGeneProduct327263 (Entrez Gene)
ppp2r4GeneProduct445031 (Entrez Gene)
ppp2r5aGeneProduct562460 (Entrez Gene)
ppp2r5cGeneProduct557208 (Entrez Gene)
ppp2r5ebGeneProduct373878 (Entrez Gene)
pygbGeneProduct403051 (Entrez Gene)
pygmaGeneProduct553655 (Entrez Gene)
zgc:123166GeneProduct100002802 (Entrez Gene)
zgc:56064GeneProduct393885 (Entrez Gene)
zgc:77529GeneProduct406610 (Entrez Gene)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
Personal tools