mRNA processing (Homo sapiens)

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1Kinases Phosphorylating RS domains?CFIU2AFhnRNPs3YYYYSF3b14bU1 snRNPmRNA capping5 G capInternal methylation of mRNAexon 2snRNP Sm core complexPoly(A)pb II5AGAheterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteinsPolr2aRNAi pathway5snRNP Sm core complexAdditional SR proteinsYYYYright click on blue text for detailed informationFormation of the active Spliceosomal C complexCF IIFormation of the Spliceosomal A complex3exon 1(2b)CPSF(1)PmRNA splice site selectionFormation of pre-mRNPsYYYYProcessing of Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA5intronNote: New participating members shown at each stepAG5Spt553Cap BindingSR-phosphatasesSerine/Argenine Rich Proteins(SR)AG3CF IIdegradedSR-proteinsU2Methylation of mRNAU2 snRNPsexon 23U5 snRNPRNA helicase A5UGAAUAAA65CstFCF ISR protein kinasesAU5mRNA polyadenylationCstFPoly(A) polAAAAAAApre-mRNAYYYYAdditional FactorsU5U2AFhnRNP regulatorsSR-repressor proteinsSR-kinasesRNA helicase3Formation of the Spliceosomal B complexRnmt (methyltransferase)5Regulation ofAlternative SplicingAGU6exon 2exon 1U13exon 2Formation of the Spliceosomal E complexFormation of pre-mRNPsMisc.Poly(A)-binding protein IIPiU4exon 25SR-binding sitesU2 snRNP(3)U6 snRNP5SR-proteinsCPSFFormation of the Spliceosomal B complexU2 snRNPAccessory ProteinsFormation of the Spliceosomal A complexAU4:U5:U6 tri-snRNP complexexon 1Cleavage at the 3'-Splice-Site and Exon LigationSR-proteinsU4 snRNPsplicing factor SF3BAdditional FactorsmRNA splicing (major pathway)AGCleavage of mRNA at the 3'-endmRNA 3'-end processingA(2a)GUYYYYU1 snRNP3(2c)exon 1exon 15SR protein phosphatasesexon 2U4/U6Internal methylation of mRNAAYYYYiPoRngtt (capping enzyme)35CAsnRNP Sm core complexP-Poly(A) polymerase alphaAdditional FactorsAUG3AG3Lariat Formation and 5'-Splice Site Cleavagesplicesome associated helicasesPrimary RNA transcriptmRNA CappingPutative Alternative SplicingRegulatorsSR-binding sitessplicing factor SF3A3exon 1Formation of the Spliceosomal C complexFormation of the Spliceosomal E complex(2)5CSTF2SF3B5TMP21SRPK1RNU2POLR2ASFRS16SNRPNHRMT1L1NSEP1RNGTTU4 snRNASF3A1SNRPD2SFRS5RBMXLSM2METTL3SUPT5HSFRS9SSFA1NONOFUSIP1SNRP70SFRS14NCBP2SFRS2CPSF2SRRM1HNRPMSF3B1CD2BP2HNRPH2CPSF1SPOPCDC40SMC1L1HNRPRPRPF4RBM17RNPS1CUGBP1WDR57SFRS6SRP54SSFA1CPSF4SNRPNCLK1RNMTSNRPGSNRPFSNRPBFUSSNRPA1SFRS10SNRPD3DDX20U2AF1CLK4DICER1SF3A3HNRPA2B1DHX15CUGBP2SNRPASFRS7HRMT1L2CSTF3DHX38PPM1GSFRS3SFRS8CSTF2TPRPF3CLK2PTBP2PSKH1HNRPDRBM5NCBP1CSTF1HNRPUSFRS1U5 snRNANXF1HNRPLDHX8SNRPB2U5-116KDPABPN1TXNL4ADHX16PRPF8HNRPA3P1HNRPA1BRUNOL4SSFA1RNPC2SF4Rnu6FNBP3PRPF18DDX1GMPSFPQPRPF8SF3A2FUSIP1HNRPKHNRPCPRPF4BPAPOLACPSF3CDC40PHF5ASNRPD1HNRPH1SFRS4HNRPABLSM2PRPF4SNRPEC20orf14HEABDHX9LSM7SF3B2SF3B3CLK3SRPK2DNAJC8PCBP2U1 snRNAXRN2PTBP1SFRS12U2AF2SF3B4ATPNUDT21


Description

This process describes the conversion of precursor messenger RNA into mature messenger RNA (mRNA).

The pre-mRNA molecule undergoes three main modifications. These modifications are 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and RNA splicing, which occur in the cell nucleus before the RNA is translated.

5' Capping: Capping of the pre-mRNA involves the addition of 7-methylguanosine (m7G) to the 5' end. The cap protects the 5' end of the primary RNA transcript from attack by ribonucleases that have specificity to the 3'5' phosphodiester bonds.

3' Processing: The pre-mRNA processing at the 3' end of the RNA molecule involves cleavage of its 3' end and then the addition of about 200 adenine residues to form a poly(A) tail. As the poly(A) tails is synthesised, it binds multiple copies of poly(A) binding protein, which protects the 3'end from ribonuclease digestion.

Splicing: RNA splicing is the process by which introns, regions of RNA that do not code for protein, are removed from the pre-mRNA and the remaining exons connected to re-form a single continuous molecule.

Description adapted from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional_modification

Comments

GenMAPP notes 
Gene lists from obtained from InterPro 9-23-2003: Mm RNA-binding region RNP-1 (RNA recognition motif)
GenMAPP remarks 
Adapted from http://www.reactome.org.

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Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

  1. Carmody SR, Wente SR; ''mRNA nuclear export at a glance.''; J Cell Sci, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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126308view17:23, 20 April 2023EgonwLicense is CCZero
122796view02:11, 18 May 2022AlexanderPicocleaning up broken comments
117160view09:47, 18 May 2021EweitzModified title
105857view23:19, 15 August 2019KhanspersModified description
102226view21:19, 11 December 2018Khanspersreplaced arcs with curved graphical lines
96893view13:50, 18 April 2018FehrhartFixed minor graphical issues
96288view21:54, 6 March 2018Andrewlmasonnone
95128view15:26, 16 November 2017Mkutmonremoved nested groups
94839view15:55, 6 October 2017Khanspersconverted interactions to graphical lines
79980view14:12, 29 April 2015Zarireplaced new Id for SSFA1
71369view18:37, 17 October 2013MaintBotAutomated update of data sources
70024view01:52, 12 July 2013AlexanderPicoModified title
68926view17:33, 8 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
67498view11:09, 26 June 2013DdiglesOntology Term : 'spliceosome pathway' added !
45374view21:22, 7 October 2011Khansperscleaned up description and removed old comment
44924view10:51, 6 October 2011MartijnVanIerselOntology Term : 'transcription pathway' added !
41073view23:19, 1 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
38901view20:24, 24 September 2010AlexanderPicominor tweaks
38872view18:29, 24 September 2010Khanspers
35228view18:39, 11 February 2010KhanspersChanged snRNAs from Other to RNA
35227view18:35, 11 February 2010KhanspersPeriodical save, work in progress
35226view18:21, 11 February 2010KhanspersModified description
35225view18:20, 11 February 2010KhanspersModified description
35122view13:25, 11 February 2010MartijnVanIerseladded lit. ref.
34454view18:24, 10 December 2009MaintBotAutomatic update of empty xrefs
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26223view23:00, 24 November 2008AlexanderPico
21548view11:32, 14 November 2008MaintBot[[Pathway:Homo sapiens:mRNA processing Reactome]] moved to [[Pathway:WP411]]: Moved to stable identifier
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8274view13:46, 7 January 2008MaintBot[[Pathway:Human:mRNA processing Reactome]] moved to [[Pathway:Homo sapiens:mRNA processing Reactome]]: Renaming species
7757view16:15, 18 December 2007MaintBotfixed category names
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External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ATPMetabolite1927-31-7 (CAS)
BRUNOL4GeneProduct56853 (Entrez Gene)
C20orf14GeneProduct24148 (Entrez Gene)
CD2BP2GeneProduct10421 (Entrez Gene)
CDC40GeneProduct51362 (Entrez Gene)
CLK1GeneProduct1195 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 15010457: Inhibitor John C. Bell, PhD

Professor, Depts. of Medicine and Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology University of Ottawa Career Scientist, Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre Associate Scientist, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Telephone: 613-737-7700 ext 6893 Fax: 613-247-3524 Email: [email protected] The control of pre-mRNA splicing by the Clk kinase family

We are studying a family of kinases which we believe provide an interface between intracellular signaling networks and the post-transcriptional mechanism of mRNA splicing. We are performing a structure:function analysis of the three Clk family members to identify domains in the three proteins which are involved in regulating splicing. Using homologous recombination we are generating null strains of mice which are lacking one, two or all three Clk genes. The Clk kinases all possess dual specificity kinase activity and yeast expression systems are being used to produce large amounts of the kinase to perform a detailed analysis of the sites of serine, threonine and tyrosine autophosphorylation within the kinase.
CLK2GeneProduct1196 (Entrez Gene)
CLK3GeneProduct1198 (Entrez Gene)
CLK4GeneProduct57396 (Entrez Gene)
CPSF1GeneProduct29894 (Entrez Gene)
CPSF2GeneProduct53981 (Entrez Gene)
CPSF3GeneProduct51692 (Entrez Gene)
CPSF4GeneProduct10898 (Entrez Gene)
CSTF1GeneProduct1477 (Entrez Gene)
CSTF2GeneProduct1478 (Entrez Gene)
CSTF2TGeneProduct23283 (Entrez Gene)
CSTF3GeneProduct1479 (Entrez Gene)
CUGBP1GeneProduct10658 (Entrez Gene)
CUGBP2GeneProduct10659 (Entrez Gene)
DDX1GeneProduct1653 (Entrez Gene)
DDX20GeneProduct11218 (Entrez Gene)
DHX15GeneProduct1665 (Entrez Gene)
DHX16GeneProduct8449 (Entrez Gene)
DHX38GeneProduct9785 (Entrez Gene)
DHX8GeneProduct1659 (Entrez Gene)
DHX9GeneProduct1660 (Entrez Gene)
DICER1GeneProduct23405 (Entrez Gene)
DNAJC8GeneProduct22826 (Entrez Gene)
FNBP3GeneProduct55660 (Entrez Gene)
FUSGeneProduct2521 (Entrez Gene)
FUSIP1GeneProduct10772 (Entrez Gene) FUSI MOUSE PMID: 11684676
GMPMetabolite85-32-5 (CAS)
HEABGeneProduct10978 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPA1GeneProduct3178 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPA2B1GeneProduct3181 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPA3P1GeneProduct10151 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPABGeneProduct3182 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPCGeneProduct3183 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPDGeneProduct3184 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPH1GeneProduct3187 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPH2GeneProduct3188 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPKGeneProduct3190 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPLGeneProduct3191 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPMGeneProduct4670 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPRGeneProduct10236 (Entrez Gene)
HNRPUGeneProduct3192 (Entrez Gene)
HRMT1L1GeneProduct3275 (Entrez Gene)
HRMT1L2GeneProduct3276 (Entrez Gene)
LSM2GeneProduct57819 (Entrez Gene)
LSM7GeneProduct51690 (Entrez Gene)
METTL3GeneProduct56339 (Entrez Gene)
NCBP1GeneProduct4686 (Entrez Gene)
NCBP2GeneProduct22916 (Entrez Gene)
NONOGeneProduct4841 (Entrez Gene)
NSEP1GeneProduct4904 (Entrez Gene)
NUDT21GeneProduct11051 (Entrez Gene)
NXF1GeneProduct10482 (Entrez Gene)
PABPN1GeneProduct8106 (Entrez Gene)
PAPOLAGeneProduct10914 (Entrez Gene)
PCBP2GeneProduct5094 (Entrez Gene)
PHF5AGeneProduct84844 (Entrez Gene)
POLR2AGeneProduct5430 (Entrez Gene)
PPM1GGeneProduct5496 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 12773558
PRPF18GeneProduct8559 (Entrez Gene)
PRPF3GeneProduct9129 (Entrez Gene)
PRPF4GeneProduct9128 (Entrez Gene)
PRPF4BGeneProduct8899 (Entrez Gene)
PRPF8GeneProduct10594 (Entrez Gene)
PSKH1GeneProduct5681 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 12466556
PTBP1GeneProduct5725 (Entrez Gene)
PTBP2GeneProduct58155 (Entrez Gene)
RBM17GeneProduct84991 (Entrez Gene)
RBM5GeneProduct10181 (Entrez Gene)
RBMXGeneProduct27316 (Entrez Gene)
RNGTTGeneProduct8732 (Entrez Gene)
RNMTGeneProduct8731 (Entrez Gene)
RNPC2GeneProduct9584 (Entrez Gene)
RNPS1GeneProduct10921 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 14729963
RNU2GeneProduct6066 (Entrez Gene) GenBank sequence: K00027
Rnu6GeneProductGenBank sequence: M10329
SF3A1GeneProduct10291 (Entrez Gene)
SF3A2GeneProduct8175 (Entrez Gene)
SF3A3GeneProduct10946 (Entrez Gene)
SF3B1GeneProduct23451 (Entrez Gene)
SF3B2GeneProduct10992 (Entrez Gene)
SF3B3GeneProduct23450 (Entrez Gene)
SF3B4GeneProduct10262 (Entrez Gene)
SF3B5GeneProduct83443 (Entrez Gene)
SF4GeneProduct57794 (Entrez Gene) inferred from: SURP 2, G patch protein, UniProt:O60378
SFPQGeneProduct6421 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS10GeneProduct6434 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS12GeneProduct140890 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 14559993. SRrp86 is a unique member of the SR protein superfamily containing one RNA recognition motif and two serine-arginine (SR)-rich domains separated by an unusual glutamic acid-lysine (EK)-rich region. Previously, we showed that SRrp86 could regulate alternative splicing by both positively and negatively modulating the activity of other SR proteins and that the unique EK domain could inhibit both constitutive and alternative splicing. These functions were most consistent with the model in which SRrp86 functions by interacting with and thereby modulating the activity of target proteins. To identify the specific proteins that interact with SRrp86, we used a yeast two-hybrid library screen and immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry. We show that SRrp86 interacts with all of the core SR proteins, as well as a subset of other splicing regulatory proteins, including SAF-B, hnRNP G, YB-1, and p72. In contrast to previous results that showed activation of SRp20 by SRrp86, we now show that SAF-B, hnRNP G, and 9G8 all antagonize the activity of SRrp86. Overall, we conclude that not only does SRrp86 regulate SR protein activity but that it is, in turn, regulated by other splicing factors to control alternative splice site selection.
SFRS14GeneProduct10147 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS16GeneProduct11129 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS1GeneProduct6426 (Entrez Gene) Antagonist splicing factor
SFRS2GeneProduct6427 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS3GeneProduct6428 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS4GeneProduct6429 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS5GeneProduct6430 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS6GeneProduct6431 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS7GeneProduct6432 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS8GeneProduct6433 (Entrez Gene)
SFRS9GeneProduct8683 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 12738786, PMID: 12024014 (associated with hnRNP A1 splicing)
SMC1L1GeneProduct8243 (Entrez Gene)
SNRP70GeneProduct6625 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPA1GeneProduct6627 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPAGeneProduct6626 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPB2GeneProduct6629 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPBGeneProduct6628 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPD1GeneProduct6632 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPD2GeneProduct6633 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPD3GeneProduct6634 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPEGeneProduct6635 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPFGeneProduct6636 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPGGeneProduct6637 (Entrez Gene)
SNRPNGeneProduct6638 (Entrez Gene)
SPOPGeneProduct8405 (Entrez Gene)
SRP54GeneProduct6729 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 14729963
SRPK1GeneProduct6732 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 12773558
SRPK2GeneProduct6733 (Entrez Gene) PMID: 12773558
SRRM1GeneProduct10250 (Entrez Gene)
SSFA1GeneProduct6743 (Entrez Gene)
SUPT5HGeneProduct6829 (Entrez Gene)
TMP21GeneProduct10972 (Entrez Gene)
TXNL4AGeneProduct10907 (Entrez Gene)
U1 snRNARnaGenBank sequence: J00645
U2AF1GeneProduct7307 (Entrez Gene)
U2AF2GeneProduct11338 (Entrez Gene)
U4 snRNAGeneProductGenBank sequence: M10328, M18004
U5 snRNAGeneProductGenBank sequence: AB021173
U5-116KDGeneProduct9343 (Entrez Gene)
WDR57GeneProduct9410 (Entrez Gene)
XRN2GeneProduct22803 (Entrez Gene)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
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