Glycogen catabolism (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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1glycogens1,4-alpha-D-glucanH2Obeta-D-glucosebeta-D-glucosemaltotetratosephosphateGPH1phosphateglucose-1-phosphatePGM1PGM2glucose-1-phosphatemaltosemaltodextringlucose-6-phosphateglucose-1-phosphatephosphatemaltotrioseGDB1


Description

Glycogen, a branched polymer of glucose, is a storage molecule whose accumulation is under rigorous control in many cells (CITS: 11152943). Glycogen metabolism increases in response to a wide variety of environmental stresses, including heat stress or exposure to sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, copper sulfate, high levels of ethanol, or weak organic acids, such as sorbate or benzoate (CITS: 11152943). Glycogen metabolism also increases in response to conditions of nutrient starvation, such as limited nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, or sulfur, and during diauxic growth on glucose (CITS: 11152943). Under all of the above conditions, glycogen is degraded by Gph1p and Gdb1p enzymes, which are phosphorylase and debranching enzymes respectively (CITS: 11152943). GPH1 progressively releases glucose-1-phosphate from linear alpha (1,4)-glucosidic bonds in glycogen (CITS: 2657401)(CITS: 1092346) but is not able to break alpha (1,4)-glucosidic bonds that are close to alpha (1,6)-branch linkages (CITS: 11152943). The branches are resolved by Gdb1p, which eliminates branch points in a two-step process. The first step of the process is the transfer of a maltotriosyl (or maltosyl) unit from the branch to an adjacent alpha-1,4-glucosyl chain by the oligo-1,4 to 1,4-glucanotransferase activity (EC 2.4.1.25) of Gdb1p (CITS: 11094287). The second step is the subsequent hydrolysis of the residual alpha-1,6-linked glucose residue by the alpha-1,6-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.33) of Gdb1p (CITS: 11094287). Once the branch is resolved, Gph1p can continue glycogen degradation (CITS: 11152943). In sporulating cells, glycogen can also be degraded by Sga1p, which is a glucoamylase enzyme only expressed during late sporulation (CITS: 11152943). SGA1 encodes an amylo (1,4-1,6)-glucosidase (CITS: 11152943) capable of degrading glycogen, starch, maltotriose, and maltose into glucose, with maximum activity against glycogen at pH 5.5 (CITS: 2493265). The role of glycogen degradation during sporulation is not fully understood, since glycogen is rapidly degraded during sporulation in wild-type cells, but approximately 90% of all sga1 homozygous null mutants are able to produce viable spores (CITS: 11152943). Thus far, none of the phenotypes seen in S. cerevisiae glycogen catabolism mutants correspond to the mammalian glycogen storage diseases associated with mutations in human genes involved in glycogen catabolism (CITS: 11152943). SOURCE: SGD pathways, http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html

Comments

GenMAPP remarks 
Based on http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/biocyc/

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Bibliography

  1. François J, Parrou JL; ''Reserve carbohydrates metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
117297view11:08, 20 May 2021EweitzModified title
107262view14:35, 17 September 2019MaintBotChEBI identifier normalization
96446view08:37, 15 March 2018EgonwReplaced a secondary ChEBI identifier with a primary identifier.
94234view13:45, 28 August 2017DeSlAttempt 4
94233view13:42, 28 August 2017DeSl3th attempt
94232view13:40, 28 August 2017DeSl2nd attempt (line overlaps with others, hope this is fixed now)
94231view13:36, 28 August 2017DeSlChanged line from beta-d-glucose to reaction from maltotetraose to maltotriose.
94230view13:33, 28 August 2017DeSlChanged text labels to nodes, annoatated them, connected lines.
70263view21:45, 15 July 2013MaintBotupdated to 2013 schema
69882view18:32, 11 July 2013EgonwMarked a few DataNodes with CAS registry numbers as metabolites.
67301view10:33, 26 June 2013Christine ChichesterOntology Term : 'glycogen degradation pathway' added !
41844view04:50, 2 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
36668view23:09, 9 April 2010MaintBot
36645view22:37, 9 April 2010MaintBotDescription and bibliography added from SGD
21686view11:32, 14 November 2008MaintBot[[Pathway:Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Glycogen Catabolism]] moved to [[Pathway:WP478]]: Moved to stable identifier
12734view08:00, 17 May 2008MaintBotautomated metabolite conversion
8762view14:08, 7 January 2008MaintBotAdded to category $category
8760view14:08, 7 January 2008J.HeckmanUploaded new pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
GDB1GeneProductS000006388 (SGD)
GPH1GeneProductS000006364 (SGD)
PGM1GeneProductS000001610 (SGD)
PGM2GeneProductS000004711 (SGD)
glucose-1-phosphate59-56-3 (CAS)
glucose-6-phosphate59-56-3 (CAS)
maltodextrin9050-36-6 (CAS)
maltose69-79-4 (CAS)
maltotriose1109-28-0 (CAS)
phosphate14265-44-2 (CAS)

Annotated Interactions

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