Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infection (Homo sapiens)

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ArcPathVisio Brace Ellipse EndoplasmicReticulum GolgiApparatus HexagonPathVisio MimDegradation Mitochondria Octagon PentagonPathVisio Rectangle RoundedRectangle SarcoplasmicReticulum TriangleEquilateralEast TrianglePathVisio none nucleoplasmcytosolcytosolnucleoplasmendoplasmic reticulum lumencytosolGolgi lumenendoplasmic reticulum lumenMacrophageLeishmania parasiteT-cellMYH9cAMPLTD4CYSLTR1,CYSLTR2SYKIgG:Leishmaniasurface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGclusteredIgG-Ag:p-FCGRs:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGH2OIgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKATPPI(4,5)P2sCD163:MYH9CALM1:4xCa2+Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPIL6IgG:Lma amastigotesurfaceLigand:GPCRcomplexes thatactivateGs:HeterotrimericG-protein Gs(inactive)IgG:LPG1G2IgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:CD3dimersLTC4PKA tetramerIgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersGlyG-protein alpha(i):GTP:AdenylatecyclaseAde-RibATPIgG:Lma antigensLTE4ADPG-protein alpha(z):GTP:AdenylatecyclaseCD163ADPsCD163GGT1, 5 dimersADPGlucocorticoid, IL6,IL10IL6 geneCD163(1051-1156)PI(3,4,5)P3CREB1ADPATPIgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKPPiATPAdenylate cyclase(Mg2+ cofactor)PLK2, MAPK14G-protein beta-gammacomplexCD163 geneIgGADAM17iRHOM2DAGsADAM17(215-827):Zn2+Protein Kinase A,catalytic subunitsADORA2BH2OG alpha (s):GTPADAM17(215-827)GGT1 dimersCD163p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+GTPADAM17(215-827):Zn2+Adenylate cyclase(Mg2+ cofactor)IL10 geneG alpha(s):GTP:Adenylatecyclasep-S133-CREB1:IL6geneSrc family kinases(SFKs)p-S133-CREB1:IL10geneFURINcAMP:PKA regulatorysubunitp-PLCGIL10Ca2+LPG1G2ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3tetramerATPHeterotrimericG-protein Gs(inactive)DPEP1,2,3 dimersATPLTC4:CyslTR1,2ATPLma amastigotesurfaceCALM1IgG:Leishmaniasurface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGH2OIP3 receptorhomotetramerPKA tetramer:4xcAMPPPiiRHOM2GDPPKA catalyticsubunitG-betagammaFCGRIIIA:CD3G/CD3ZdimersCa2+ADPADORA2B:Ade-RibPLC gamma1,2PRKACA,(PRKACB,PRKACG,PRKX)AHCYL1:NAD+:ITPR1:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerp-S133-CREB1Zn2+ADAM17(1-214)L-GluI(1,4,5)P3ADAM17ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPPRKACGPRKACBPRKACAPRKAR1APRKAR2APRKAR1BPRKAR2BPRKACGcAMPPRKACAPRKACBGNG3GNG2GNG7GNG13GNB1GNB5GNAS1GNGT1GNGT2GNG5GNG10GNAS2GNG8GNG4GNB4GNG12GNG11GDPGNB2GNB3PLCG2PLCG1ADRB1GLP-1 (7-37)HTR4GNG13VIPR1GNB5LHCGRADRB2HTR6TSHRGNB4GLP1RGPBAR1TAAR8GNG5CALCB(82-118)PTGIRPTHGNG3CRHR2CYSLTR2GPHA2SCTRMC2RCGATAAR1RXFP2GNG10GIPRGNAS1PGD2CDCAPTGDRRLN2(162-185)Zn2+DCAArgN-GCG(98-127)CRHR1ADCYAP1(132-169)GNG11GNG2INSL3(106-131)LCHAMC3R(1-360)DRD1LHBSCTADM(95-146)P2RY11Ade-RibDRD5NPSPOMC(77-87)AVPR2POMC(138-176)PGE2ADCYAP1R1POMC(217-234)ADORA2BGNB2GIP(52-93)NAdFSHBVIPR2GHRHRGNG4RLN3(119-142)HistHRH2AVP(20-28)MC5RRLN3(26-52)GHRHPTGER2HTR7GNAS2PEATSHBPTH2(62-100)CALCRFSHRPGI2GPHB5TAAR5CCAVIP(125-152)RXFP1GLP2RTAAR2ATPADCYAP1(82-129)ADCYAP1(132-158)Constitutively active orphan GPCRsMC1RGNGT2CALCRLDAPTH1RRAMP1PTH2RADORA2AGNB1GNG7PTGER4GDPMC4RTAAR9GPR39POMC(138-150)GCG(146-178)ADRB35HTPTHLHNPSR1INSL3(21-55)RAMP2GNG8GNG12GCG(53-81)ADM2(19-153)ADRCRHIAPP(34-70)CALCA(83-119)GNGT1GNB3RAMP3TAAR3RLN2(25-53)TAAR6CALCA(83-119)PRKACAPRKACGPRKACBADCY3ADCY9Mg2+ADCY8ADCY5ADCY1ADCY2ADCY4ADCY7ADCY6IL6glucocorticoidIL10ADAM17(215-827)Zn2+PRKACGPRKXPRKACAPRKACBGNGT1GNB2GNG5GNG4GNG7ADORA2BGNAS1GNB4GNG13GNB3GNB5GNG2GNAS2GNG11GNG3GNB1GNG8Ade-RibGNG10GNGT2GNG12GTPITPR1ITPR2ITPR3Zn2+DPEP1DPEP2DPEP3CYSLTR2CYSLTR1LTC4Ig heavy chain V-III region BUTIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMIg lambda chain V-II region BOHIg heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIg kappa chain V-III region POMIg kappa chain V-I region DEEIGKV2D-30IGLC6IGLV3-25(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region VORIGHG2IGLV3-12(1-?)IGLV1-40(1-?)Ig kappa chain V region EV15Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWIg heavy chain V-II region MCEIg lambda chain V-III region SHIGKV1-5(23-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region VGIg lambda chain V-III region LOIIg heavy chain V-III region JONIGHV(1-?)IGLV4-3(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101Ig kappa chain V-II region CumIGLV4-69(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region MGCIGLV2-33(1-?)IGKVA18(21-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region WEAIg heavy chain V-I region EUIg kappa chain V-III region B6Ig kappa chain V-I region WesIg heavy chain V-II region WAHIGLV3-22(1-?)IGLC3IGLV(23-?)IGHV7-81(1-?)IGHV1-2Ig heavy chain V-III region TROIGLV2-23(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIg lambda chain V region 4AIGLV3-27(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIGLV11-55(1-?)IGLV1-36(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIGLV2-11(1-?)IGHG1IGHG4IGLV7-46(1-?)IGKV2-28IGKV4-1(21-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region AUIg kappa chain V-II region FRIGLC2IGLV8-61(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIg kappa chain V-I region BANLPG1G2IGLC7Ig lambda chain V-I region HAIGLC1Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIGLV1-44(1-?)IGLV10-54(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region GalIGKCIGLV7-43(1-?)IGLV3-16(1-?)IGKV3D-20Ig heavy chain V-III region CAMIGLV5-37(1-?)IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIGLV4-60(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region KernIGHG3Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410IGLV2-18(1-?)IGLV5-45(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIg lambda chain V-IV region HilIg kappa chain V-I region AGIg heavy chain V-III region KOLIg lambda chain V-IV region BauIGKV1-12PRKACAPRKACGPRKAR1BPRKAR2BPRKAR1APRKAR2APRKACBADCY5GNAS2ADCY1ADCY8ADCY3GNAS1ADCY6GTPADCY2ADCY9ADCY4Mg2+ADCY7CD247-1FCGR3ACD3GGGT5(388-586)GGT1(381-569)GGT1(1-380)GGT5(1-387)IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIGLV1-36(1-?)IGHG1Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIGKV2-28Ig heavy chain V-III region JONIg heavy chain V-III region TROIGLV1-40(1-?)IGLV4-60(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIGHG4Ig kappa chain V-I region GalIg lambda chain V-I region HAIg heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWIg heavy chain V-III region WEAIg kappa chain V-I region AGIGHV(1-?)IGHV7-81(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region VGIGKVA18(21-?)IGLV7-43(1-?)IGLV5-45(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region MCEIg heavy chain V-III region KOLIGLV4-69(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIGLC2IGKV4-1(21-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIGLV2-23(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region CAMIGLV4-3(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region BauIGKV2D-30IGLV3-25(1-?)Ig lambda chain V region 4ALPG1G2Ig kappa chain V-I region AUIg heavy chain V-I region EUIGKV1-12Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410Ig kappa chain V-II region FRIg kappa chain V-I region HK101IGLV(23-?)IGKCIg lambda chain V-IV region KernLma amastigote surfaceIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMIg heavy chain V-II region WAHIGKV1-5(23-?)IGKV3D-20IGLV3-12(1-?)IGHV1-2IGLV10-54(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIGLV2-11(1-?)IGLV7-46(1-?)IGLC7Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGLV1-44(1-?)IGLC6IGLC1IGLV3-22(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIGHG3Ig kappa chain V-I region DEEIg lambda chain V-II region BOHIg kappa chain V-I region BANIGLV3-16(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region VORIGLV3-27(1-?)IGLC3Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIg lambda chain V-I region NEWMIg heavy chain V-III region BUTIGLV2-33(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region WesIg lambda chain V-II region MGCIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIGLV2-18(1-?)IGLV5-37(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig lambda chain V-III region LOIIg kappa chain V region EV15IGLV11-55(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region HilIGLV8-61(1-?)IGHG2Ig kappa chain V-III region POMIg kappa chain V-II region CumIg kappa chain V-I region GalIGLC1IGLV7-46(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIGLV2-11(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region WAHIg lambda chain V-I region NEWIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIg kappa chain V region EV15IGLV4-60(1-?)IGLV3-12(1-?)IGLV1-44(1-?)IGLC6Ig heavy chain V-III region WEAIg heavy chain V-III region JONIGLV(23-?)IGLV8-61(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DEEIg lambda chain V-VI region ARIGLV4-69(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region AUIGLV10-54(1-?)IGLV2-23(1-?)IGLV2-33(1-?)IGLV11-55(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region BANIg heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGLV3-22(1-?)IGHG1Ig lambda chain V-IV region HilIGKV3D-20IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIg heavy chain V-II region MCEIGKV1-12Ig lambda chain V-II region BOHIg heavy chain V-III region BUTIGKV1-5(23-?)IGHV1-2Ig heavy chain V-III region CAMIg kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410IGKV2-28Ig kappa chain V-III region VGIg heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig lambda chain V-IV region KernIGKVA18(21-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region LOIIg kappa chain V-I region HK101IGLV5-45(1-?)Ig lambda chain V region 4AIGKV2D-30Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIg heavy chain V-III region KOLIGKCIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMIGHG2IGLV1-40(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIg lambda chain V-II region MGCIGLV7-43(1-?)IGHG4Ig lambda chain V-I region HAIGLV1-36(1-?)IGLV3-27(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region WesIGHG3Ig kappa chain V-I region AGIGLV5-37(1-?)IGHV7-81(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIg kappa chain V-II region FRIGHV(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIg heavy chain V-I region EUIGLV2-18(1-?)IGKV4-1(21-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIg heavy chain V-III region TROIg lambda chain V-IV region BauIGLV4-3(1-?)IGLV3-25(1-?)IGLC2Ig kappa chain V-II region CumIg lambda chain V-I region NEWMIGLC3IGLV3-16(1-?)IGLC7Ig kappa chain V-III region POMIg lambda chain V-I region VORITPR1ITPR3ITPR2I(1,4,5)P3p-S133-CREB1IL6 genep-Y753,Y759,Y1217-PLCG2p-4Y-PLCG1GGT1(1-380)GGT1(381-569)Ade-RibADORA2BPRKAR2APRKAR1APRKAR2BPRKAR1BcAMPIGLV1-44(1-?)IGLV7-46(1-?)IGLV2-11(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIg lambda chain V-I region HAIGLV3-16(1-?)IGLV2-33(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3IGLV3-27(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region WAHIg heavy chain V-III region WEAIg lambda chain V-IV region HilIGHV1-2Lma amastigote surfaceIg kappa chain V-I region BANIGLV2-18(1-?)IGLV4-60(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region TROFCGR3AIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMIg kappa chain V-I region DaudiIGLV3-22(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region POMp-Y160,Y171-CD3GIGLC6IGLV3-25(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region BauIGLV7-43(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region WesIGKV3D-20Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIGHG2IGKV4-1(21-?)IGKVA18(21-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DEEIGKV2-28Ig lambda chain V region 4AIGLV5-45(1-?)p-6Y-CD247IGHG3IGHV(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BUTIg lambda chain V-I region VORIg heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGLV5-37(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWIGHG1IGLC7Ig heavy chain V-II region MCEIGLC3Ig kappa chain V-III region VGIGLV11-55(1-?)IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIg kappa chain V-I region AUIg kappa chain V-II region FRIGLV3-12(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIg kappa chain V-III region B6Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIg heavy chain V-III region JONIg kappa chain V-I region GalIGHV7-81(1-?)IGLV10-54(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101Ig kappa chain V-I region AGIGKV2D-30IGHG4IGLC2Ig heavy chain V-III region KOLIGKV1-12Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIGKV1-5(23-?)IGLV4-69(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region CumIGLV(23-?)IGLV4-3(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIg lambda chain V-IV region KernIg lambda chain V-III region LOIIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIGLV8-61(1-?)IGLV1-36(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region MGCIg lambda chain V-II region BOHIGLV1-40(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region EUIGLV2-23(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region CAMLPG1G2Ig kappa chain V region EV15IGKCIg heavy chain V-III region DOBIGLC1PLK2p-T180,Y182-MAPK14IGKVA18(21-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIg kappa chain V-I region AGIg heavy chain V-III region KOLIg lambda chain V-IV region KernIGLV4-60(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region WAHIGLC1p-Y160,Y171-CD3GIGLV1-36(1-?)p-6Y-CD247Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWMIGLC6Ig heavy chain V-III region WEAIg kappa chain V region EV15IGKV1-5(23-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3IGLC2IGLV3-25(1-?)IGLV3-16(1-?)IGHG4IGKV3D-20IGKV1-12Ig kappa chain V-II region FRIg lambda chain V-III region LOIIgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIGLV3-22(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIg lambda chain V-II region NEIIGLV11-55(1-?)IGHV7-81(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIGLV4-3(1-?)IGLV2-18(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region AUIGLV5-45(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region VGIGLV3-27(1-?)IGLV5-37(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIGLV4-69(1-?)IGKV2-28Ig lambda chain V-II region BOHIg lambda chain V-III region SHIGLV10-54(1-?)IGLV(23-?)IGLC7IGLV2-11(1-?)IGHV1-2IGLV1-40(1-?)IGKV2D-30Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101IGLV3-12(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region WesIg heavy chain V-II region ARH-77Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIg kappa chain V-II region CumIGHG3IGHG2Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWIg heavy chain V-III region JONIg lambda chain V-II region TOGp-6Y-SYKIg kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410LPG1G2Ig heavy chain V-III region BUTFCGR3AIg lambda chain V-II region MGCIGLV7-43(1-?)IGKV4-1(21-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIg kappa chain V-III region POMIg kappa chain V-I region GalIg lambda chain V-I region VORIg lambda chain V region 4AIGHV(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region BauIGKCIGLV7-46(1-?)IGLC3IGLV2-33(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region BANIg lambda chain V-IV region HilIg kappa chain V-I region DEEIGLV2-23(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region TROIg lambda chain V-I region HALma amastigote surfaceIGLV8-61(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region CAMIg heavy chain V-II region MCEIGHG1IGLV1-44(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region EUZn2+ADAM17(215-827)GNAS2GNAS1GTPIGLV2-23(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region CAMIGLV2-33(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region TROIg heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig lambda chain V-II region MGCIGLV7-46(1-?)IGHV1-2Ig heavy chain V-III region KOLp-Y160,Y171-CD3GIg heavy chain V-III region JONIg kappa chain V-I region AUIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMIg heavy chain V-III region BROIGKV4-1(21-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region HilIGLV1-36(1-?)IGLV4-69(1-?)IGLV5-37(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region BOHIg lambda chain V-I region VORIGLV2-18(1-?)IGHG4Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIg lambda chain V-III region LOIIGLV8-61(1-?)IGLC2IGLV10-54(1-?)Lma amastigote surfacep-6Y-CD247Ig lambda chain V-I region HAIGHV(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIg kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410PI(3,4,5)P3LPG1G2IGLV4-60(1-?)IGLV3-12(1-?)IGLV3-22(1-?)p-Y753,Y759,Y1217-PLCG2IGLV2-11(1-?)IGLV1-44(1-?)IGHG2p-4Y-PLCG1Ig kappa chain V region EV15Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWIGLV3-16(1-?)IGHV7-81(1-?)IGLV1-40(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region GalIGKV1-5(23-?)IGKVA18(21-?)IGHG3IGHG1Ig kappa chain V-I region AGIGLV7-43(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIg heavy chain V-II region WAHIg lambda chain V-IV region BauIg kappa chain V-II region FRIg kappa chain V-I region HK101IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIGLV3-25(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region EUIGKV1-12Ig lambda chain V-IV region KernIGLV5-45(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DEEIg heavy chain V-II region MCEIg kappa chain V-I region DaudiIGLV3-27(1-?)FCGR3AIg kappa chain V-II region CumIg heavy chain V-III region WEAIg kappa chain V-I region WesIg heavy chain V-III region BUTIg kappa chain V-I region BANIGLV(23-?)Ig lambda chain V region 4AIg heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGLV4-3(1-?)IGLV11-55(1-?)p-6Y-SYKIGLC1Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIGLC3IGKV2-28Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIGLC7IGLC6IGKV2D-30Ig kappa chain V-III region POMIg lambda chain V-II region NEIIGKV3D-20IGKCIg kappa chain V-III region VGADCY9ADCY4ADCY7ADCY2ADCY3Mg2+ADCY8ADCY1ADCY5ADCY6FCGR3AIGLV2-18(1-?)IGLV4-60(1-?)IGLC6Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101p-6Y-CD247IGKV4-1(21-?)IGKV2D-30Ig lambda chain V-I region VORIGHG3Ig lambda chain V-III region LOIIg lambda chain V-IV region KernIGLV1-44(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region BauIg heavy chain V-III region JONIGLC3IGHV7-81(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIg lambda chain V-I region NEWIgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIg lambda chain V-VI region ARIGLV5-45(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region HAIGLV4-3(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region WAHIGLC2IGLV10-54(1-?)IGHV1-2IGLV11-55(1-?)IGLV7-46(1-?)SYKIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMIGLV4-69(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region HilIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIg lambda chain V-II region BOHIg kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIg lambda chain V-I region NEWMLma amastigote surfaceIGLV2-23(1-?)p-Y160,Y171-CD3GIGLV3-16(1-?)IGKV2-28IGLV(23-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIGLV5-37(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGLV3-12(1-?)IGLV2-11(1-?)Ig kappa chain V region EV15IGLV2-33(1-?)LPG1G2IGLV3-22(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig heavy chain V-III region BUTIg heavy chain V-III region TROIg kappa chain V-I region WesIGLV3-27(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region CumIg kappa chain V-I region GalIg kappa chain V-I region AUIg lambda chain V-II region MGCIg heavy chain V-III region CAMIGKV1-12IGLV1-36(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIGKV1-5(23-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region VGIGKCIg heavy chain V-I region EUIGHG2Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIGLC1IGLV3-25(1-?)IGLV1-40(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region MCEIg kappa chain V-I region AGIGHV(1-?)IGKVA18(21-?)IGLV7-43(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region KOLIg kappa chain V-III region POMIGHG1IGLV8-61(1-?)Ig lambda chain V region 4AIGKV3D-20Ig kappa chain V-I region BANIg kappa chain V-II region FRIg kappa chain V-I region DEEIg heavy chain V-III region WEAIg heavy chain V-II region OUIGLC7IGHG4sCD163MYH9GNG3GNGT2GNB2GNG12GNB5GNB4GNG13ADORA2BGDPGNG4GNB3Ade-RibGNG2GNGT1GNAS2GNG5GNG8GNB1GNG11GNG7GNAS1GNG10GNB1GNG13GNG11GNGT2GNG4GNG3GNB3GNB5GNB2GNG5GNG12GNG2GNB4GNGT1GNG8GNG7GNG10CYSLTR2CYSLTR1ADCY6ADCY9ADCY3GNAT3Mg2+ADCY5GTPGNAI2GNAI1ADCY4ADCY1GNAI3ADCY8ADCY2ADCY7ITPR2ITPR1NAD+ITPR3I(1,4,5)P3AHCYL1FGRSRC-1LYNFYNHCKYES1Ig heavy chain V-III region KOLLma amastigote surfaceIGLV5-37(1-?)IGLV1-44(1-?)FCGR3AIg kappa chain V region EV15IGKCPLCG2Ig heavy chain V-III region WEAIGLV1-36(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGKV1-5(23-?)IGLV(23-?)IGLV3-12(1-?)IGLC1IGLV10-54(1-?)IGLC6IGLV11-55(1-?)IGLV4-60(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIGKV2-28Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIg kappa chain V-I region HK101Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig kappa chain V-II region CumIg heavy chain V-II region OUp-6Y-CD247Ig heavy chain V-III region JONIGLC3Ig kappa chain V-III region POMIGHV7-81(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3IGLV4-3(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DEEIg lambda chain V-II region MGCIGLV3-27(1-?)IGLC7IGLV3-25(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIGLV7-43(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BUTIGLV8-61(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region TOGIGKV4-1(21-?)IGLV5-45(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region LOIIGLV2-18(1-?)p-6Y-SYKIGLV2-11(1-?)IGHV(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIg lambda chain V-I region HALPG1G2Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWMIg kappa chain V-I region BANIGKV1-12Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIGLV2-23(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region BauIGKVA18(21-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIg kappa chain V-II region FRIGLV3-22(1-?)IGLV3-16(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region VORIGLV7-46(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region GalIGHG3Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIGHV1-2Ig kappa chain V-III region VGIg kappa chain V-I region WesIGKV3D-20PLCG1IGLC2Ig heavy chain V-II region WAHIg lambda chain V-II region BOHIg lambda chain V region 4AIGLV4-69(1-?)IGHG1IGLV2-33(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region HilIg heavy chain V-II region MCEIg kappa chain V-I region AUIg heavy chain V-III region TROIg lambda chain V-I region NEWIg kappa chain V-I region AGIGHG4IGHG2IGLV1-40(1-?)IGKV2D-30p-Y160,Y171-CD3GIg heavy chain V-III region CAMIg heavy chain V-I region EUIg lambda chain V-IV region KernIgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIg lambda chain V-VI region ARIGLV5-37(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIGKV2D-30IGHG3IGHV1-2Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410IGLV2-11(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region VORIg heavy chain V-III region BROIg kappa chain V-III region VGIGLC3Ig kappa chain V-I region AUIGHG1IGLV3-25(1-?)IGKV3D-20Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIGLV4-60(1-?)IGHG2IGLC7Ig heavy chain V-III region DOBIg heavy chain V-I region EUIg lambda chain V-I region NEWIGLV1-44(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region WEAIGHG4Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIg kappa chain V-I region GalIGLV7-43(1-?)IGLV2-33(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region HAIGLV1-36(1-?)IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIg kappa chain V-II region FRIg lambda chain V-II region MGCIg kappa chain V-I region HK101IGKV1-5(23-?)IGLV7-46(1-?)IGLV(23-?)IGLV11-55(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region KernIg heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGLV1-40(1-?)IGLV10-54(1-?)IGLV4-69(1-?)IGLC6Ig kappa chain V-III region POMIGKVA18(21-?)IGKV2-28IGHV7-81(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIg heavy chain V-III region BUTIg kappa chain V-I region DEEIg heavy chain V-III region CAMIg lambda chain V-IV region HilIg kappa chain V-I region BANIg kappa chain V-I region AGIg heavy chain V-II region MCEIGLV3-22(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region B6IGLC2IGLV8-61(1-?)Ig kappa chain V region EV15IGLV3-12(1-?)IGLV4-3(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region JONIg kappa chain V-II region CumLma amastigote surfaceIGKV1-12IGLV3-16(1-?)IGLC1Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIGLV2-23(1-?)IGKCIGLV5-45(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region LOIIGKV4-1(21-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region BOHIg heavy chain V-II region WAHIg lambda chain V region 4AIg heavy chain V-III region TROIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIGLV2-18(1-?)IGHV(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region KOLIGLV3-27(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region BauIg kappa chain V-I region WesIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMp-S133-CREB1IL10 geneIg heavy chain V-III region DOBIg heavy chain V-II region OUIg kappa chain V-III region VGIGLV11-55(1-?)IGHV(1-?)IGLV3-22(1-?)IGLV(23-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region BauIGLV2-18(1-?)IGLV10-54(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region NEIIGLV1-40(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIGHG1Ig heavy chain V-II region MCEIGKV4-1(21-?)IGLV1-36(1-?)IGLV1-44(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWIGHG4IGHG3IGKV2-28Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig kappa chain V-I region DEEIGLC2Ig heavy chain V-I region EUIGHG2Ig kappa chain V-I region GalIGLV3-25(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIg kappa chain V region EV15Ig kappa chain V-I region BANIg kappa chain V-I region AUIg heavy chain V-III region KOLIg lambda chain V region 4AIgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorIg kappa chain V-III region POMIGLV7-43(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-III region BUTIGLV2-23(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWMIGLV2-33(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region FRIGLV4-3(1-?)IGKV2D-30Ig lambda chain V-II region BOHIGLV3-12(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIg heavy chain V-III region TROIg lambda chain V-I region HAIg heavy chain V-III region CAMIg lambda chain V-II region TOGIGLV4-69(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIg lambda chain V-I region VORIGLC1Ig lambda chain V-IV region HilIg lambda chain V-IV region KernIg lambda chain V-III region LOIIg heavy chain V-III region WEAIGLV5-37(1-?)IGLV5-45(1-?)CD3GIg heavy chain V-II region WAHFCGR3AIGLC7IGKVA18(21-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region MGCLma amastigote surfaceIg kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410Ig kappa chain V-I region AGIGKCIGLC6IGKV1-12Ig kappa chain V-I region WesIg kappa chain V-I region HK101IGLV4-60(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIg heavy chain V-III region JONIGLV3-27(1-?)IGLV3-16(1-?)IGLV2-11(1-?)IGLV8-61(1-?)IGHV7-81(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region CumCD247-1Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77IGKV3D-20IGLV7-46(1-?)LPG1G2IGKV1-5(23-?)IGLC3IGHV1-2Ig heavy chain V-III region CAMIGHG4Ig lambda chain V-IV region HilIGLV4-60(1-?)IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursorp-6Y-CD247IGLV1-44(1-?)IGLV2-18(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region HAIg kappa chain V-I region DEEIg lambda chain V-II region NEIIGKV1-12Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101IGHV1-2IGLV7-46(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-IV region KernIg lambda chain V-II region MGCIg heavy chain V-II region NEWMPLCG2Ig lambda chain V region 4AIGLV(23-?)IGLV2-11(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region OUIGLV4-3(1-?)Ig kappa chain V region EV15IGLV1-40(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410IGLV8-61(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-III region B6Ig lambda chain V-III region SHIg lambda chain V-I region NEWIGHG3IGLC7IGLC2Ig kappa chain V-I region AUIGLC3FCGR3AIGLV11-55(1-?)p-Y288,Y304-FCGR2AIGLV1-36(1-?)IGLV5-37(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77Ig heavy chain V-III region BROIg heavy chain V-II region WAHIg lambda chain V-II region BOHIg lambda chain V-IV region BauIGLC1IGKV3D-20Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3Ig heavy chain V-III region JONIGLV4-69(1-?)p-Y160,Y171-CD3GIGLV3-16(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-II region TOGIGHV7-81(1-?)IGLV3-27(1-?)Ig lambda chain V-VI region ARIg heavy chain V-III region KOLIg kappa chain V-III region POMIGLV10-54(1-?)IGLC6Ig kappa chain V-I region AGIGLV7-43(1-?)IGLV5-45(1-?)IGLV2-33(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-II region CumPLCG1p-6Y-SYKIg heavy chain V-III region TROIg lambda chain V-I region VORIGKCIGLV3-25(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region GalIGKVA18(21-?)FCGR1AIg kappa chain V-III region VGIGKV1-5(23-?)Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWMIGKV4-1(21-?)IGKV2-28IGHG2Ig kappa chain V-I region DaudiIg kappa chain V-I region WesIg kappa chain V-II region FRAntigenIGLV3-12(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-II region MCEIg heavy chain V-III region BUTIGLV2-23(1-?)IGKV2D-30Ig heavy chain V-III region WEAIg heavy chain V-III region DOBIGLV3-22(1-?)Ig kappa chain V-I region BANIGHV(1-?)Ig heavy chain V-I region EUIg lambda chain V-III region LOIIGHG1ADCY1ADCY7ADCY2ADCY5Mg2+ADCY6ADCY4ADCY9ADCY8GNAZGTPADCY3Zn2+Zn2+ADAM17(215-827)CALM1Ca2+Name: Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infectionOrganism: Homo sapiens


Description

Macrophages specializing in tissue repair or associated with a Th2-type immune response are more permissive to infection with leishmania, since their defense mechanisms are not very efficient in eliminating the parasite and can contribute to its persistence (Lee et al. 2018). View original pathway at Reactome.

Comments

Reactome-Converter 
Pathway is converted from Reactome ID: 9662851
Reactome-version 
Reactome version: 75
Reactome Author 
Reactome Author: Jassal, Bijay

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Bibliography

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  74. Adrain C, Zettl M, Christova Y, Taylor N, Freeman M.; ''Tumor necrosis factor signaling requires iRhom2 to promote trafficking and activation of TACE.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  75. Srour N, Lebel A, McMahon S, Fournier I, Fugère M, Day R, Dubois CM.; ''TACE/ADAM-17 maturation and activation of sheddase activity require proprotein convertase activity.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  76. Morehead J, Coppens I, Andrews NW.; ''Opsonization modulates Rac-1 activation during cell entry by Leishmania amazonensis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  77. Lee SH, Charmoy M, Romano A, Paun A, Chaves MM, Cope FO, Ralph DA, Sacks DL.; ''Mannose receptor high, M2 dermal macrophages mediate nonhealing Leishmania major infection in a Th1 immune environment.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  78. Agarwal A, Salem P, Robbins KC.; ''Involvement of p72syk, a protein-tyrosine kinase, in Fc gamma receptor signaling.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  79. Dendorfer U, Oettgen P, Libermann TA.; ''Multiple regulatory elements in the interleukin-6 gene mediate induction by prostaglandins, cyclic AMP, and lipopolysaccharide.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  80. Liang Z, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX.; ''Down-regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by over-activated calpain in Alzheimer disease brain.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  81. Adachi H, Kubota I, Okamura N, Iwata H, Tsujimoto M, Nakazato H, Nishihara T, Noguchi T.; ''Purification and characterization of human microsomal dipeptidase.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  82. Lee CW, Lewis RA, Corey EJ, Austen KF.; ''Conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4 by a dipeptidase released from the specific granule of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  83. Sekiya F, Poulin B, Kim YJ, Rhee SG.; ''Mechanism of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1. Tyrosine 783 phosphorylation is not sufficient for lipase activation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  84. SUTHERLAND EW, RALL TW.; ''Fractionation and characterization of a cyclic adenine ribonucleotide formed by tissue particles.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  85. Feldman DS, Zamah AM, Pierce KL, Miller WE, Kelly F, Rapacciuolo A, Rockman HA, Koch WJ, Luttrell LM.; ''Selective inhibition of heterotrimeric Gs signaling. Targeting the receptor-G protein interface using a peptide minigene encoding the Galpha(s) carboxyl terminus.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  86. McIlwain DR, Lang PA, Maretzky T, Hamada K, Ohishi K, Maney SK, Berger T, Murthy A, Duncan G, Xu HC, Lang KS, Häussinger D, Wakeham A, Itie-Youten A, Khokha R, Ohashi PS, Blobel CP, Mak TW.; ''iRhom2 regulation of TACE controls TNF-mediated protection against Listeria and responses to LPS.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  87. Zhang J, Berenstein E, Siraganian RP.; ''Phosphorylation of Tyr342 in the linker region of Syk is critical for Fc epsilon RI signaling in mast cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  88. El-Hillal O, Kurosaki T, Yamamura H, Kinet JP, Scharenberg AM.; ''syk kinase activation by a src kinase-initiated activation loop phosphorylation chain reaction.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  89. Anderson ME, Allison RD, Meister A.; ''Interconversion of leukotrienes catalyzed by purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: concomitant formation of leukotriene D4 and gamma-glutamyl amino acids.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  90. Nagakura A, Takagi N, Takeo S.; ''Impairment of cerebral cAMP-mediated signal transduction system and of spatial memory function after microsphere embolism in rats.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  91. Xu P, Derynck R.; ''Direct activation of TACE-mediated ectodomain shedding by p38 MAP kinase regulates EGF receptor-dependent cell proliferation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  92. Platzer C, Meisel C, Vogt K, Platzer M, Volk HD.; ''Up-regulation of monocytic IL-10 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cAMP elevating drugs.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  93. Wenzel I, Roth J, Sorg C.; ''Identification of a novel surface molecule, RM3/1, that contributes to the adhesion of glucocorticoid-induced human monocytes to endothelial cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  94. Gu C, Cooper DM.; ''Calmodulin-binding sites on adenylyl cyclase type VIII.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  95. Bandeira-Melo C, Woods LJ, Phoofolo M, Weller PF.; ''Intracrine cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-mediated signaling of eosinophil vesicular transport-mediated interleukin-4 secretion.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114834
Reactome
view16:33, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113280view11:35, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112811view18:18, 9 October 2020DeSlOntology Term : 'Leishmaniasis pathway' added !
112759view16:16, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
Name  ↓Type  ↓Database reference  ↓Comment  ↓
5HT MetaboliteCHEBI:28790 (ChEBI)
ADAM17(1-214)ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAM17(215-827) ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ComplexR-HSA-9662765 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ComplexR-HSA-9662793 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827)ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAM17ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY1 ProteinQ08828 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY2 ProteinQ08462 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY3 ProteinO60266 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY4 ProteinQ8NFM4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY5 ProteinO95622 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY6 ProteinO43306 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY7 ProteinP51828 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY8 ProteinP40145 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY9 ProteinO60503 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1(132-158) ProteinP18509 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1(132-169) ProteinP18509 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1(82-129) ProteinP18509 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1R1 ProteinP41586 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADM(95-146) ProteinP35318 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADM2(19-153) ProteinQ7Z4H4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADORA2A ProteinP29274 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADORA2B ProteinP29275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPComplexR-HSA-9660820 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-RibComplexR-HSA-9660818 (Reactome)
ADORA2BProteinP29275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:456216 (ChEBI)
ADR MetaboliteCHEBI:28918 (ChEBI)
ADRB1 ProteinP08588 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRB2 ProteinP07550 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRB3 ProteinP13945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AHCYL1 ProteinO43865 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AHCYL1:NAD+:ITPR1:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerComplexR-HSA-5226920 (Reactome)
ATP MetaboliteCHEBI:30616 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:30616 (ChEBI)
AVP(20-28) ProteinP01185 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AVPR2 ProteinP30518 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ade-Rib MetaboliteCHEBI:16335 (ChEBI)
Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPComplexR-HSA-9660817 (Reactome)
Ade-RibMetaboliteCHEBI:16335 (ChEBI)
Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor)ComplexR-HSA-170665 (Reactome)
Antigen R-ALL-173548 (Reactome)
ArgN-GCG(98-127) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) The amide group at the C-terminus is not necessary for biological activity.
CALCA(83-119) ProteinP01258 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCA(83-119) ProteinP06881 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCB(82-118) ProteinP10092 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCR ProteinP30988 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCRL ProteinQ16602 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALM1 ProteinP0DP23 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALM1:4xCa2+ComplexR-HSA-74294 (Reactome)
CALM1ProteinP0DP23 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCA MetaboliteCHEBI:16359 (ChEBI)
CD163 geneGeneProductENSG00000177575 (Ensembl)
CD163(1051-1156)ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CD163ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CD247-1 ProteinP20963-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CD3G ProteinP09693 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CDCA MetaboliteCHEBI:16755 (ChEBI)
CGA ProteinP01215 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CREB1ProteinP16220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CRH ProteinP06850 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CRHR1 ProteinP34998 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CRHR2 ProteinQ13324 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CYSLTR1 ProteinQ9Y271 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CYSLTR1,CYSLTR2ComplexR-HSA-416385 (Reactome)
CYSLTR2 ProteinQ9NS75 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ca2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:29108 (ChEBI)
Ca2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29108 (ChEBI)
Constitutively active orphan GPCRs R-HSA-6805225 (Reactome)
DA MetaboliteCHEBI:18243 (ChEBI)
DAGsMetaboliteCHEBI:18035 (ChEBI)
DCA MetaboliteCHEBI:28834 (ChEBI)
DPEP1 ProteinP16444 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DPEP1,2,3 dimersComplexR-HSA-2162149 (Reactome)
DPEP2 ProteinQ9H4A9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DPEP3 ProteinQ9H4B8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DRD1 ProteinP21728 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DRD5 ProteinP21918 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FCGR1A ProteinP12314 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FCGR3A ProteinP08637 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FCGRIIIA:CD3G/CD3Z dimersComplexR-HSA-2029097 (Reactome)
FGR ProteinP09769 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FSHB ProteinP01225 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FSHR ProteinP23945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FURINProteinP09958 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FYN ProteinP06241 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
G alpha

(s):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ComplexR-HSA-163622 (Reactome)
G alpha (s):GTPComplexR-HSA-164358 (Reactome)
G-betagammaR-HSA-111865 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(i):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ComplexR-HSA-396910 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(z):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ComplexR-HSA-392049 (Reactome)
G-protein beta-gamma complexComplexR-HSA-167434 (Reactome)
GCG(146-178) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GCG(53-81) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GDP MetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GDPMetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GGT1 dimerComplexR-HSA-1247898 (Reactome)
GGT1(1-380) ProteinP19440 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GGT1(381-569) ProteinP19440 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GGT1, 5 dimersComplexR-HSA-2162130 (Reactome)
GGT5(1-387) ProteinP36269 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GGT5(388-586) ProteinP36269 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GHRH ProteinP01286 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GHRHR ProteinQ02643 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GIP(52-93) ProteinP09681 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GIPR ProteinP48546 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLP-1 (7-37) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLP1R ProteinP43220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLP2R ProteinO95838 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAI1 ProteinP63096 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAI2 ProteinP04899 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAI3 ProteinP08754 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAS1 ProteinQ5JWF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAS2 ProteinP63092 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAT3 ProteinA8MTJ3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAZ ProteinP19086 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB1 ProteinP62873 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB2 ProteinP62879 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB3 ProteinP16520 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB4 ProteinQ9HAV0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB5 ProteinO14775 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG10 ProteinP50151 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG11 ProteinP61952 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG12 ProteinQ9UBI6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG13 ProteinQ9P2W3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG2 ProteinP59768 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG3 ProteinP63215 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG4 ProteinP50150 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG5 ProteinP63218 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG7 ProteinO60262 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG8 ProteinQ9UK08 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNGT1 ProteinP63211 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNGT2 ProteinO14610 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPBAR1 ProteinQ8TDU6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPHA2 ProteinQ96T91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPHB5 ProteinQ86YW7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPR39 ProteinO43194 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTP MetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
GTPMetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
Glucocorticoid, IL6, IL10ComplexR-HSA-9662737 (Reactome)
GlyMetaboliteCHEBI:57305 (ChEBI)
H2OMetaboliteCHEBI:15377 (ChEBI)
HCK ProteinP08631 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HRH2 ProteinP25021 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR4 ProteinQ13639 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR6 ProteinP50406 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR7 ProteinP34969 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Heterotrimeric

G-protein Gs

(inactive)		ComplexR-HSA-391179 (Reactome)
Hist MetaboliteCHEBI:18295 (ChEBI)
I(1,4,5)P3 MetaboliteCHEBI:16595 (ChEBI)
I(1,4,5)P3MetaboliteCHEBI:16595 (ChEBI)
IAPP(34-70) ProteinP10997 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG1 ProteinP01857 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG2 ProteinP01859 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG3 ProteinP01860 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG4 ProteinP01861 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHV(1-?) ProteinA2KUC3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHV1-2 ProteinP23083 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHV7-81(1-?) ProteinQ6PIL0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKC ProteinP01834 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV1-12 ProteinA0A0C4DH73 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV1-5(23-?) ProteinP01602 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV2-28 ProteinA0A075B6P5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV2D-30 ProteinA0A075B6S6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV3D-20 ProteinA0A0C4DH25 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV4-1(21-?) ProteinP06312 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKVA18(21-?) ProteinA2NJV5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC1 ProteinP0CG04 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC2 ProteinP0DOY2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC3 ProteinP0DOY3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC6 ProteinP0CF74 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC7 ProteinA0M8Q6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV(23-?) ProteinA2NXD2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV1-36(1-?) ProteinQ5NV67 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV1-40(1-?) ProteinQ5NV69 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV1-44(1-?) ProteinQ5NV81 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV10-54(1-?) ProteinQ5NV86 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV11-55(1-?) ProteinQ5NV87 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-11(1-?) ProteinQ5NV84 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-18(1-?) ProteinQ5NV65 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-23(1-?) ProteinQ5NV89 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-33(1-?) ProteinQ5NV66 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-12(1-?) ProteinQ5NV85 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-16(1-?) ProteinQ5NV64 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-22(1-?) ProteinQ5NV75 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-25(1-?) ProteinQ5NV90 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-27(1-?) ProteinQ5NV91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV4-3(1-?) ProteinQ5NV61 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV4-60(1-?) ProteinQ5NV79 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV4-69(1-?) ProteinQ5NV92 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV5-37(1-?) ProteinQ5NV68 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV5-45(1-?) ProteinQ5NV82 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV7-43(1-?) ProteinQ5NV80 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV7-46(1-?) ProteinQ5NV83 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV8-61(1-?) ProteinQ5NV62 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL10 ProteinP22301 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL10 gene ProteinENSG00000136634 (Ensembl)
IL10 geneGeneProductENSG00000136634 (Ensembl)
IL10ProteinP22301 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL6 ProteinP05231 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL6 gene ProteinENSG00000136244 (Ensembl)
IL6 geneGeneProductENSG00000136244 (Ensembl)
IL6ProteinP05231 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INSL3(106-131) ProteinP51460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INSL3(21-55) ProteinP51460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IP3 receptor homotetramerComplexR-HSA-169686 (Reactome)
ITPR1 ProteinQ14643 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPR2 ProteinQ14571 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPR3 ProteinQ14573 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerComplexR-HSA-169696 (Reactome)
Ig heavy chain V-I region EU ProteinP01742 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 ProteinP01743 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 ProteinP06331 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE ProteinP01817 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM ProteinP01825 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region OU ProteinP01814 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH ProteinP01824 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO ProteinP01766 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT ProteinP01767 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM ProteinP01768 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB ProteinP01782 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region JON ProteinP01780 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL ProteinP01772 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO ProteinP01762 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA ProteinP01763 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V region EV15 ProteinP06315 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region AG ProteinP01593 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region AU ProteinP01594 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN ProteinP04430 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE ProteinP01597 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi ProteinP04432 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal ProteinP01599 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 ProteinP01601 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes ProteinP01611 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum ProteinP01614 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-II region FR ProteinP01615 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 ProteinP06310 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 ProteinP01619 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-III region POM ProteinP01624 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-III region VG ProteinP04433 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V region 4A ProteinP04211 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region HA ProteinP01700 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW ProteinP01701 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM ProteinP01703 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR ProteinP01699 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH ProteinP01706 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC ProteinP01709 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI ProteinP01705 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG ProteinP01704 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI ProteinP80748 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-III region SH ProteinP01714 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau ProteinP01715 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil ProteinP01717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern ProteinP01718 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR ProteinP01721 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IgG:LPG1G2ComplexR-HSA-9675736 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGComplexR-HSA-9664277 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGComplexR-HSA-9664266 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma

antigens:FCGR3A:CD3

dimers		ComplexR-HSA-9664263 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKComplexR-HSA-9664272 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKComplexR-HSA-9664265 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersComplexR-HSA-9664282 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma amastigote surfaceComplexR-HSA-9664283 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigensComplexR-HSA-9666422 (Reactome)
IgGComplexR-HSA-182629 (Reactome) In view of the highly variable nature of antibody proteins, this biological object is an approximate and fragmented representation of an IgM/IgD antibody, given the limitations of Ig chain enumeration in UniProt. A single mRNA transcript is alternatively spliced to give either IgM or IgD. Thus unactivated B cells contain both classes of antibody.
IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor ProteinP01764 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
L-GluMetaboliteCHEBI:29985 (ChEBI)
LCHA MetaboliteCHEBI:16325 (ChEBI)
LHB ProteinP01229 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LHCGR ProteinP22888 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LPG1G2 ProteinQ4QD44 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LPG1G2ProteinQ4QD44 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LTC4 MetaboliteCHEBI:16978 (ChEBI)
LTC4:CyslTR1,2ComplexR-HSA-9664302 (Reactome)
LTC4MetaboliteCHEBI:16978 (ChEBI)
LTD4MetaboliteCHEBI:28666 (ChEBI)
LTE4MetaboliteCHEBI:15650 (ChEBI)
LYN ProteinP07948 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ligand:GPCR

complexes that activate Gs:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs

(inactive)		ComplexR-HSA-744885 (Reactome)
Lma amastigote surfaceR-LMA-9664274 (Reactome) This entity is intended to represent any molecule that might be at the outer cell surface of a Leishmania amastigote parasite.
Lma amastigote surface R-LMA-9664274 (Reactome) This entity is intended to represent any molecule that might be at the outer cell surface of a Leishmania amastigote parasite.
MC1R ProteinQ01726 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC2R ProteinQ01718 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC3R(1-360) ProteinP41968 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC4R ProteinP32245 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC5R ProteinP33032 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MYH9 ProteinP35579 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MYH9ProteinP35579 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Mg2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:18420 (ChEBI)
NAD+ MetaboliteCHEBI:57540 (ChEBI)
NAd MetaboliteCHEBI:18357 (ChEBI)
NPS ProteinP0C0P6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NPSR1 ProteinQ6W5P4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
P2RY11 ProteinQ96G91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PEA MetaboliteCHEBI:18397 (ChEBI)
PGD2 MetaboliteCHEBI:15555 (ChEBI)
PGE2 MetaboliteCHEBI:15551 (ChEBI)
PGI2 MetaboliteCHEBI:15552 (ChEBI)
PI(3,4,5)P3 MetaboliteCHEBI:16618 (ChEBI)
PI(3,4,5)P3MetaboliteCHEBI:16618 (ChEBI)
PI(4,5)P2MetaboliteCHEBI:18348 (ChEBI)
PKA catalytic subunitComplexR-HSA-111920 (Reactome)
PKA tetramer:4xcAMPComplexR-HSA-8951729 (Reactome)
PKA tetramerComplexR-HSA-111922 (Reactome)
PLC gamma1,2ComplexR-HSA-1169089 (Reactome)
PLCG1 ProteinP19174 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLCG2 ProteinP16885 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLK2 ProteinQ9NYY3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLK2, MAPK14ComplexR-HSA-9662745 (Reactome)
POMC(138-150) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POMC(138-176) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POMC(217-234) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POMC(77-87) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPiMetaboliteCHEBI:29888 (ChEBI)
PRKACA ProteinP17612 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKACA,(PRKACB,PRKACG,PRKX)ComplexR-HSA-9615387 (Reactome)
PRKACB ProteinP22694 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKACG ProteinP22612 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR1A ProteinP10644 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR1B ProteinP31321 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR2A ProteinP13861 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR2B ProteinP31323 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKX ProteinP51817 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGDR ProteinQ13258 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGER2 ProteinP43116 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGER4 ProteinP35408 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGIR ProteinP43119 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH ProteinP01270 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH1R ProteinQ03431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH2(62-100) ProteinQ96A98 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH2R ProteinP49190 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTHLH ProteinP12272 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Protein Kinase A, catalytic subunitsComplexR-HSA-111917 (Reactome)
RAMP1 ProteinO60894 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAMP2 ProteinO60895 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAMP3 ProteinO60896 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN2(162-185) ProteinP04090 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN2(25-53) ProteinP04090 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN3(119-142) ProteinQ8WXF3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN3(26-52) ProteinQ8WXF3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RXFP1 ProteinQ9HBX9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RXFP2 ProteinQ8WXD0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCT ProteinP09683 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCTR ProteinP47872 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SRC-1 ProteinP12931-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYK ProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYKProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Src family kinases (SFKs)ComplexR-HSA-1861597 (Reactome)
TAAR1 ProteinQ96RJ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR2 ProteinQ9P1P5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR3 ProteinQ9P1P4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR5 ProteinO14804 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR6 ProteinQ96RI8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR8 ProteinQ969N4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR9 ProteinQ96RI9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TSHB ProteinP01222 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TSHR ProteinP16473 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VIP(125-152) ProteinP01282 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VIPR1 ProteinP32241 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VIPR2 ProteinP41587 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YES1 ProteinP07947 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Zn2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:29105 (ChEBI)
Zn2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29105 (ChEBI)
cAMP MetaboliteCHEBI:17489 (ChEBI)
cAMP:PKA regulatory subunitComplexR-HSA-111923 (Reactome)
cAMPMetaboliteCHEBI:17489 (ChEBI)
clustered IgG-Ag:p-FCGRs:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGComplexR-HSA-2029137 (Reactome)
glucocorticoid MetaboliteCHEBI:24261 (ChEBI)
iRHOM2ProteinQ6PJF5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-4Y-PLCG1 ProteinP19174 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-6Y-CD247 ProteinP20963-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-6Y-SYK ProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-PLCGComplexR-HSA-2029095 (Reactome)
p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ComplexR-HSA-9662806 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1 ProteinP16220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S133-CREB1:IL10 geneComplexR-HSA-9664324 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL6 geneComplexR-HSA-9662709 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1ProteinP16220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T180,Y182-MAPK14 ProteinQ16539 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y160,Y171-CD3G ProteinP09693 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y288,Y304-FCGR2A ProteinP12318 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y753,Y759,Y1217-PLCG2 ProteinP16885 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
sCD163 ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
sCD163:MYH9ComplexR-HSA-9663429 (Reactome)
sCD163ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
Source  ↓Target  ↓Type  ↓Database reference  ↓Comment  ↓
ADAM17(1-214)ArrowR-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ArrowR-HSA-9662773 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ArrowR-HSA-9662818 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+R-HSA-9662818 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+R-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827)ArrowR-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827)R-HSA-9662773 (Reactome)
ADAM17ArrowR-HSA-9662747 (Reactome)
ADAM17R-HSA-9662747 (Reactome)
ADAM17R-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPArrowR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-RibArrowR-HSA-9660829 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-RibR-HSA-9660828 (Reactome)
ADORA2BArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
ADORA2BR-HSA-9660829 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
AHCYL1:NAD+:ITPR1:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerTBarR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPArrowR-HSA-9660828 (Reactome)
Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
Ade-RibArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
Ade-RibR-HSA-9660829 (Reactome)
Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor)R-HSA-163617 (Reactome)
Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor)mim-catalysisR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
CALM1:4xCa2+ArrowR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
CALM1:4xCa2+ArrowR-HSA-74448 (Reactome)
CALM1R-HSA-74448 (Reactome)
CD163 geneR-HSA-9662781 (Reactome)
CD163(1051-1156)ArrowR-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
CD163ArrowR-HSA-9662781 (Reactome)
CD163R-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
CREB1R-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
CYSLTR1,CYSLTR2R-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
Ca2+ArrowR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
Ca2+R-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
Ca2+R-HSA-74448 (Reactome)
DAGsArrowR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
DPEP1,2,3 dimersmim-catalysisR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
FCGRIIIA:CD3G/CD3Z dimersR-HSA-9664268 (Reactome)
FURINmim-catalysisR-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
G alpha

(s):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ArrowR-HSA-163617 (Reactome)
G alpha

(s):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		mim-catalysisR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
G alpha (s):GTPArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
G alpha (s):GTPR-HSA-163617 (Reactome)
G-betagammaTBarR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(i):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		TBarR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(z):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		TBarR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
G-protein beta-gamma complexArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
GDPArrowR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
GGT1 dimerTBarR-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
GGT1, 5 dimersmim-catalysisR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
GTPR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
Glucocorticoid, IL6, IL10ArrowR-HSA-9662781 (Reactome)
GlyArrowR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
Heterotrimeric

G-protein Gs

(inactive)		R-HSA-9660828 (Reactome)
I(1,4,5)P3ArrowR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
I(1,4,5)P3ArrowR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
I(1,4,5)P3R-HSA-169680 (Reactome)
IL10 geneR-HSA-9664332 (Reactome)
IL10 geneR-HSA-9664346 (Reactome)
IL10ArrowR-HSA-9664346 (Reactome)
IL6 geneR-HSA-9662708 (Reactome)
IL6 geneR-HSA-9662710 (Reactome)
IL6ArrowR-HSA-9662710 (Reactome)
IP3 receptor homotetramerR-HSA-169680 (Reactome)
ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerArrowR-HSA-169680 (Reactome)
ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramermim-catalysisR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
IgG:LPG1G2ArrowR-HSA-9664397 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGArrowR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGArrowR-HSA-9664270 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma

antigens:FCGR3A:CD3

dimers		ArrowR-HSA-9664268 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma

antigens:FCGR3A:CD3

dimers		R-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKArrowR-HSA-9664273 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKArrowR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKArrowR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKR-HSA-9664270 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersArrowR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersR-HSA-9664273 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma amastigote surfaceArrowR-HSA-9664285 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigensR-HSA-9664268 (Reactome)
IgGR-HSA-9664285 (Reactome)
IgGR-HSA-9664397 (Reactome)
L-GluArrowR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
LPG1G2R-HSA-9664397 (Reactome)
LTC4:CyslTR1,2ArrowR-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
LTC4R-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
LTC4R-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
LTD4ArrowR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
LTD4R-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
LTE4ArrowR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
Ligand:GPCR

complexes that activate Gs:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs

(inactive)		mim-catalysisR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
Lma amastigote surfaceR-HSA-9664285 (Reactome)
MYH9R-HSA-9663426 (Reactome)
PI(3,4,5)P3ArrowR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
PI(3,4,5)P3R-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
PI(4,5)P2R-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
PKA catalytic subunitArrowR-HSA-111925 (Reactome)
PKA catalytic subunitR-HSA-111924 (Reactome)
PKA tetramer:4xcAMPArrowR-HSA-8951727 (Reactome)
PKA tetramer:4xcAMPR-HSA-111925 (Reactome)
PKA tetramerR-HSA-8951727 (Reactome)
PLC gamma1,2R-HSA-9664270 (Reactome)
PLK2, MAPK14mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
PRKACA,(PRKACB,PRKACG,PRKX)mim-catalysisR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
Protein Kinase A, catalytic subunitsArrowR-HSA-111924 (Reactome)
R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) Protein kinase A (PKA) has two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits which are held together to form the holoenzyme and is activated upon binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunits. Once cAMP binds the regulatory subunits, the catalytic subunits are released to carry out phosphorylation of CREB1 at serine residue S133. Only the PKA catalytic subunit alpha, PRKACA, was directly demonstrated to phosphorylate CREB1 at S133, using recombinant mouse and rat proteins, respectively (Gonzalez and Montminy 1989). PKA catalytic subunits beta and gamma (PRKACB and PRKACG) are candidate CREB1 kinases based on indirect evidence and sequence similarity (Nagakura et al. 2002, Liang et al. 2007, James et al. 2009). PRKX is the catalytic subunit of the cAMP dependent protein kinase X, which shares the regulatory subunits and functional properties with the PKA. PRKX is highly expressed in the mouse fetal brain (Li et al. 2005) and is implicated in CREB1 phosphorylation through indirect evidence (Di Pasquale and Stacey 1998, Li et al. 2002).
R-HSA-111924 (Reactome) When cAMP level rises, the PKA catalytic subunit (C subunit) released from the holoenzyme enters the nucleus by passive diffusion whereas termination of signaling to the nucleus involves an active mechanism. In the nucleus, the C subunit binds to the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), and this binding not only inactivates the C subunit but also by conformational change unveils a nuclear export signal in PKI which leads to export of the C-PKI complex from the nucleus.
R-HSA-111925 (Reactome) The protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit isoforms differ in their tissue specificity and functional characteristics. The specific isoform activated in response to glucagon signaling is not known. The PKA kinase is a tetramer of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. The regulatory subunits block the catalytic subunits. Binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunit triggers dissociation of the tetramer into two active dimers made up of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit.
R-HSA-111930 (Reactome) Adenylate cyclase is responsive to calcium and calmodulin and produces cAMP. One important physiological role for Calmodulin is the regulation of adenylylcyclases. Four of the ten known adenylylcyclases are calcium sensitive, in particular type 8 (AC8).
R-HSA-163617 (Reactome) G(s)-alpha:GTP binds to inactive adenylate cyclase, causing a conformational transition in adenylate cyclase exposing the catalytic site and activating it.
R-HSA-169680 (Reactome) The IP3 receptor (IP3R) is an IP3-gated calcium channel. It is a large, homotetrameric protein, similar to other calcium channel proteins such as ryanodine. The four subunits form a 'four-leafed clover' structure arranged around the central calcium channel. Binding of ligands such as IP3 results in conformational changes in the receptor's structure that leads to channel opening.
R-HSA-169683 (Reactome) IP3 promotes the release of intracellular calcium.
R-HSA-202407 (Reactome) On recruitment to plasma membrane PLC-gamma1 then hydrolyses PIP2 producing two second messengers, diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 induces a transient increase in intracellular free Ca++, while DAG is a direct activator of protein kinase C (PKC theta). These process have been implicated in many cellular physiological functions like cell proliferation, cell growth and differentiation.
R-HSA-266012 (Reactome) Another outer surface membrane-bound, homodimeric enzyme, dipeptidase, existing in two forms DPEP1 (Adachi et al. 1989) and DPEP2 (Lee et al. 1983, Raulf et al. 1987), further hydrolyses leukotriene D4 (LTD4) to leukotriene E4 (LTE4), cleaving a glycine residue in the process.
R-HSA-266046 (Reactome) The reversible conversion of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4) is catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transferases 1 (GGT1) and 5 (GGT5). GGTs are present on the outer surface of plasma membranes and are a heterodimer of a heavy and a light chain. Its action involves the hydrolysis of the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, releasing glutamate. In this example, LTC4 is a glutathione conjugate that is hydrolysed to LTD4 (Anderson et al. 1982, Wickham et al. 2011).
R-HSA-392129 (Reactome) The activation of adenylyl (adenylate) cyclase (AC) results in the production of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate i.e. cyclic AMP. Humans have 9 genes encoding membrane-associated AC and one encoding a soluble AC. Two of the classes of heterotrimeric G-proteins are named according to their effect on AC; G(s) stimulates all membrane-bound ACs (the s in G(s) denotes AC stimulatory); the G(i) class inhibits some AC isoforms, particularly 5 and 6. Beta-gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins can also regulate AC. Ca2+/Calmodulin activates some AC isoforms (1, 8 and 3) but is inhibitory to others (5 and 6).
R-HSA-74448 (Reactome) Upon increase in calcium concentration, calmodulin (CaM) is activated by binding to four calcium ions (Crouch and Klee 1980).
R-HSA-8951727 (Reactome) Protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit isoforms differ in their tissue specificity and functional characteristics. The isoform activated in response to glucagon signaling is not known.

PKA kinase is a tetramer of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. The regulatory subunits block the activity of the catalytic subunits.

cAMP binds the regulatory subunits, which leads to dissociation of the tetramer into two active dimers made up of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit.
R-HSA-9660819 (Reactome) The classical view of G-protein signalling is that the G-protein alpha subunit dissociates from the beta:gamma dimer. Activated G alpha (s) and the beta:gamma dimer then participate in separate signaling cascades. Although G protein dissociation has been contested (e.g. Bassi et al. 1996), recent in vivo experiments have demonstrated that dissociation does occur, though possibly not to completion (Lambert 2008).
R-HSA-9660824 (Reactome) The liganded receptor undergoes a conformational change, generating a signal that is propagated in a manner that is not completely understood to the the G-protein. This stimulates the exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit, activating the G-protein. This event is negatively regulated by some Activators of G protein signaling (AGS) proteins, a class of proteins identified in yeast functional screens for proteins able to activate G protein signaling in the absence of a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) (Cismowski et al. 1999, Takesono et al. 1999). AGS proteins contain G protein regulatory (GPR) motifs (also referred to as the GoLoco motif) that bind and stabilize the Galpha subunit in its GDP-bound conformation (Mochizuki et al. 1996, Peterson et al. 2000, Cao et al. 2004, Blumer & Lanier 2014). Some RGS proteins similarly bind to Galpha preventing the exchange of GDP for GTP (Soundararajan et al. 2008).
R-HSA-9660828 (Reactome) The role of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein G alpha-s subunit (G alpha-s) (Kozasa T et al, 1988) is to activate adenylate cyclase, which, in turn, produces cAMP, which, in turn, activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
R-HSA-9660829 (Reactome) Adenosine receptors A2a and A2b (ADORA2A and ADORA2B) bind extracellular adenosine (Ado-Rib) and are believed to play a role in regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow (Peterfreund 1996). The A2A receptor is responsible for regulating myocardial blood flow by vasodilation of the coronary arteries, which increases blood flow to the myocardium, but may lead to hypotension. Just as in A1 receptors, this normally serves as a protective mechanism. A2B receptor work (Pierce KD et al, 1992) has lagged behind research in the other adenosine receptors.
Both ADORA receptors mediate their actions by coupling with the G protein alpha s subunit which activates adenylyl cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP concentrations. In surfactant physiology, the receptor:adenosine complex positively regulates surfactant export from lamellar bodies. (Cooper JA et al, 1995; Linden J et al, 1999). Adenosine deaminase (CECR1, ADA2) degrades extracellular adenosine (Ade-Rib), reducing or neutralising the positive regulatory effect of adenosine in surfactant export.
R-HSA-9662708 (Reactome) The IL-6 promoter contains several transcription factor-responsive elements (Luo and Zheng 2016). CREB, a classical cAMP-inducible CRE-binding factor interacts with a region of the IL-6 promoter that is known as CRE-like sequence (Dendorfer et al. 1994). Moreover, IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by a wide variety of cells including macrophages, T cells, B cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (Yang et al. 2014).
R-HSA-9662710 (Reactome) The gene for IL-6 is located at chromosome 7 whose unit transcription consists of 5 exons and 4 introns. The promoter region contains several transcription start sites with response elements for nuclear factor (NF)-κB, enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EPBβ; formerly NF-IL6), activator protein (AP)-1 (Burger 2013) and CREB transcription factor (Dendorfer et al. 1994). The protein form of human IL-6 is a glycoprotein composed of 184 amino acids with a molecular weight of 21-28 kDa, depending on its degree of glycosylation. It has a 4-helix bundle structure made up of 4 long α-helices arranged in an up-up-down-down topology (Burger 2013).
R-HSA-9662747 (Reactome) In mice, inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRHOM2) has been shown to be required for disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17's (ADAM17) exit from the ER (Cavadas et al. 2017), through the trans-Golgi network and on to the plasma membrane (Adrain et al. 2012, McIlwain et al. 2012, Issuree et al. 2013, Cavadas et al. 2017).
R-HSA-9662773 (Reactome) A crystallography study revealed that disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17) requires Zinc as a cofactor to function properly (Maskos et al. 1998).
R-HSA-9662781 (Reactome) The CD163 gene encodes scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (CD163) which functions at the plasma membrane of macrophages (Etzerodt & Moestrup 2013). Glucocorticoid, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 are some of the most potent stimulators of CD163 expression (Petra Högger et al. 1998, P Högger et al. 1998, Van den Heuvel et al. 1999, Buechler et al. 2000 & Sulahian et al. 2000, ). For simplicity, the steps involed in transcription and translation have been omitted.
R-HSA-9662786 (Reactome) Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17) is a type I transmembrane protein that consist of an N-terminal signal sequence followed by a prodomain, a metalloproteinase (catalytic) domain, a disintegrin domain, an EGF-like (cysteine-rich) domain, a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain (Scheller et al. 2011, Lambrecht et al. 2018). While ADAM17 is being transported through the trans-Golgi network, FURIN cleaves the prodomain region of ADAM17 releasing the inhibitory part (Milla et al. 1999, Gonzales et al. 2004, Wong et al. 2015) and leaving the catalytically-active form (ADAM17(215-827) (Srour et al. 2003, Endres et al. 2003, Adrain et al. 2012, McIlwain et al. 2012, Wong et al. 2015).
R-HSA-9662818 (Reactome) In mice, inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRHOM2) has been shown to be required for disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17's (ADAM17) exit from the ER (Cavadas et al. 2017), through the trans-Golgi network and on to the plasma membrane (Adrain et al. 2012, McIlwain et al. 2012, Issuree et al. 2013, Cavadas et al. 2017).
R-HSA-9662823 (Reactome) The phosphorylation of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17) by PLK2 and MAPKs has been determined by direct and indirect experiments (Müllberg et al. 1993, Schwarz et al. 2014, Fan and Derynck 1999; Gechtman et al. 1999; Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2002; Fan, Turck, and Derynck 2003 & Xu and Derynck 2010). Specifically, the phosphorylation at residues Thr735 (Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2002 & Xu and Derynck 2010) and Ser819 is required for ectodomains shedding.
R-HSA-9662837 (Reactome) The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 (CD163) is a transmembrane macrophage protein which upon cleavage, leads to the release of a soluble form (sCD163, CD163(42-1050)) (Droste, Sorg, and Högger 1999 and Hintz et al. 2002). The inflammation-responsive protease ADAM17 can mediate the cleavage of CD163 to release sCD163 (Etzerodt et al. 2010 & Etzerodt et al. 2014).
R-HSA-9663426 (Reactome) The soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) has been suggested to inhibit activated T-lymphocyte proliferation (P Högger & Sorg 2001) by potentially binding to a non-muscle myosin heavy chain type a (MYH9) (Timmermann et al. 2004, Hou et al. 2019).
R-HSA-9664261 (Reactome) Multiple sites of phosphorylation are known to exist in SYK, which both regulate its activity and also serve as docking sites for other proteins. Some of these sites include Y131 of interdomain A, Y323, Y348, and Y352 of interdomain B, and Y525 and Y526 within the activation loop of the kinase domain and Y630 in the C-terminus (Zhang et al. 2002, Lupher et al. 1998, Furlong et al. 1997). Phosphorylation of these tyrosine residues disrupts autoinhibitory interactions and results in kinase activation even in the absence of phosphorylated ITAM tyrosines (Tsang et al. 2008). SYK is primarily phosphorylated by Src family kinases and this acts as an initiating trigger by generating few molecules of activated SYK which are then involved in major SYK autophosphorylation (Hillal et al. 1997).
R-HSA-9664268 (Reactome) Leishmania amastigotes parasites opsonized by IgG are more susceptible to be phagocytosed through FcγRs. Nevertheless, besides the phagocytosis induction, the interaction IgG-FcγRs has been implicated in the synthesis induction, of several cytokines (Buxbaum 2013; Chu et al. 2010; Thomas and Buxbaum 2008). In particular, Buxbaum et al. in 2008 showed that IgGs bound glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLs) of L. Mexicana and that IgG:GIPLs induces the synthesis of IL-10 through FcγRIII.
R-HSA-9664270 (Reactome) PLCgamma (PLCG) is recruited to FCGR and the phosphorylated Y342 and Y346 in SYK have been reported to be involved in the interaction of PLCG (Law et al. 1996). PLCG accumulates at the phagocytic cup during FCGR, but the exact role of PLCG in the regulation of phagocytosis is not clear. It may be involved in FCGR signaling by activating PKC through DAG production (Garcia-Garcia & Rosales 2002 )
R-HSA-9664271 (Reactome) Activated PLCG translocates to the plasmamembrane and interacts with the inositol ring of the membrane bound phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) with its PH domain. The active enzyme promotes intracelllular signaling by catalysing the hydrolysis of PIP2 to generate the second messengers IP3 and DAG.
R-HSA-9664273 (Reactome) SYK is a tyrosine kinase related to ZAP70 that is expressed in all hematopoietic cells and coimmunoprecipitates with the gamma chain associated with FCGRIIIA in macrophages and with FCERI in mast cells. SYK is very important for FCGR phagocytosis and is recruited to these phosphorylated ITAM residues through its two SRC homology 2 (SH2) domains (Agarwal et al. 1993). When SYK kinase expression is inhibited with antisense oligonucleotides both in vitro and in vivo, phagocytosis and inflammation are abolished (Matsuda et al. 1997). The domain structure of SYK comprises a regulatory region at the N-terminus consisting of a pair of SH2 domains separated by an inter-SH2 linker called interdomain A, an SH2-domain-kinase linker termed interdomain B, and a C-terminal kinase domain (Arias-Palomo et al. 2009). In resting state SYK exists in an auto-inhibited conformation by the interactions between the SH2-SH2 regulatory region and the inter-SH2 linker and the catalytic domain. This interdomain interaction reduces the conformational flexibility required by the kinase domain for catalysis (Arias-Palomo et al. 2007). Changes in the orientation of the SH2 domains could control the disruption of the auto inhibitory interactions and the activation of SYK. These movements could be totally or partially induced by the binding to phosphorylated ITAMs and/or phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in interdomain A or B (Arias-Palomo et al. 2009). Tsang et al. suggested that SYK functions as an OR-gate switch with respect to phosphorylation and ITAM binding, as either one stimulus OR the other is sufficient to cause full activation (Tsang et al. 2008).
R-HSA-9664275 (Reactome) After cross linking, Fc gamma receptors are sequestered to lipid rafts where they are complexed with some of the tyrosine kinases of Src family and undergo phosphorylation on the tyrosine residues contained in conserved ITAM sequences. At least six out of nine members of the Src family kinases (SRC, FYN, FGR, HCK, YES and LYN ) have been identified in the phagocytic cells and are implicated in the initiation of Fc gamma mediated signaling. (Suzuki et al. 2000, Majeed et al. 2001, Kwiatkowska et al. 2003). Some of these kinases have been found associated with specific receptors. In monocytes HCK and LYN have been found associated with FCGRI (Durden et al. 1995), whereas only HCK with FCGRIIA (Ghazizadeh et al. 1994) while FGR in neutrophils (Hamada et al. 1993) and LCK in NK cells with FCGRIIIA (Pignata et al. 1993)
The implication of Src kinases in phosphorylation was first supported by pharmacological findings that herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor relatively specific for Src-family kinases, potently suppressed Fc receptor mediated functions (Greenberg et al. 1993, Suzuki et al. 2000). However, their particular involvement in phagocytosis remains unclear, as targeted disruption of single or multiple Src family genes did not result in significant alterations in phagocytosis (Hunter et al. 1993, Fitzer Attas et al. 2000, Suzuki et al. 2000). HCK, FGR and LYN triple-deficient (-/-) macrophages have shown significant delays in FCGR mediated phagocytosis, but these deficiencies do not completly disrupt the process (Fitzer Attas et al. 2000).
Tyrosine residues Y288 and Y304 (Y282 and Y298 according to the literature reference, it is 6 residues shorter compared to uniprot entry due to an alternate initiation codon usage), within ITAM sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of FCGRIIA are the key target sites that are phosphorylated by Src family kinases (Mitchell et al, 1994). In case of FCGRIA and FCGRIIIA the specific tyrosine residues within ITAMs of the associated gamma/zeta chains are phosphorylated by activated Src family kinases (SFKs) (Park et al. 1993).
R-HSA-9664278 (Reactome) PLCG is tyrosine phosphorylated by either SYK or Src kinases on three tyrosine residues and this phosphorylation enhances the activity of PLCG. Although maximal activation requires binding of PLCG to PIP3 with its plecstrin homology (PH) domain.
R-HSA-9664285 (Reactome) The internalization of Leishmania amastigotes by macrophages is thought to be mediated mainly through opsonization with immunoglobulins (Igs) which bind Fc gamma receptors (FCGRs), stimulating their uptake (Morehead et al 2002 & Padigel et al. 2005). Glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLs) are the most abundant glycolipids on the surface of the amastigote form of Leishmania parasites and Buxbaum and colleagues showed that IgG1 in mice binds GIPL molecules on the amastigote stage of L. mexicana to subsequently induce phagocytosis through FCGRs (Buxbaum 2013).
R-HSA-9664306 (Reactome) The cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent smooth muscle contractile agents mediating bronchoconstriction. Examples are LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4. There are two human cys-LT receptors, 1 (Lynch KR et al, 1999) and 2 (Heise CE et al, 2000). They mediate their effects via coupling to the G protein alpha q/11 subunit (Sarau HM et al, 1999). However, signalling downstream LTC4-cysLTR binding has been associated with the production of IL4, independent of the GPCR associated heterotrimeric protein Gq (Bandeira Melo et al. 2002).
R-HSA-9664332 (Reactome) The IL-10 promoter contains several transcription factor-responsive elements. (Asadullah et al 2003). In macrophages, the major source of IL-10, several receptor-mediated cytokine transcription end up in the activation of IL10 transcription factors, such as CREB (Platzer et al. 1995, Kelly et al 2010 & Sanin et al 2015)
R-HSA-9664346 (Reactome) The Interleukin 10 (IL10) gene is located at chromosome 1q31-32. It encodes for a protein with the same name that acts as a pleiotropic cytokine expressed primarily by monocytes and to a smaller degree by lymphocytes. IL10 down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II and costimulatory molecules on macrophages (Eskdale et al. 1997).
R-HSA-9664397 (Reactome) The internalization of Leishmania amastigotes by macrophages is thought to be mediated mainly through opsonization with immunoglobulins (Igs) which bind FcγRs, stimulating the uptake (Morehead et al 2002 & Padigel et al. 2005). Glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLs) are the most abundant glycolipids on the surface of the amastigote form of Leishmania parasites and Buxbaum and colleagues showed that IgG1 in mice, binds the GIPL molecules on the amastigote stage of L. mexicana to subsequently induced the phagocytosis through FcγRs (Buxbaum 2013).
R-HSA-9665525 (Reactome) Solube CD163 (sCD163) is taken up by T-cells from the circulation by an unknown mechanism (Timmermann et al. 2004).
SYKR-HSA-9664273 (Reactome)
Src family kinases (SFKs)mim-catalysisR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
Src family kinases (SFKs)mim-catalysisR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
Zn2+R-HSA-9662773 (Reactome)
cAMP:PKA regulatory subunitArrowR-HSA-111925 (Reactome)
cAMPArrowR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
cAMPArrowR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
cAMPR-HSA-8951727 (Reactome)
clustered IgG-Ag:p-FCGRs:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGmim-catalysisR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
iRHOM2mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662747 (Reactome)
iRHOM2mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662818 (Reactome)
p-PLCGArrowR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
p-PLCGmim-catalysisR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ArrowR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL10 geneArrowR-HSA-9664332 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL10 geneArrowR-HSA-9664346 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL6 geneArrowR-HSA-9662708 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL6 geneArrowR-HSA-9662710 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1ArrowR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1R-HSA-9662708 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1R-HSA-9664332 (Reactome)
sCD163:MYH9ArrowR-HSA-9663426 (Reactome)
sCD163ArrowR-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
sCD163ArrowR-HSA-9665525 (Reactome)
sCD163R-HSA-9663426 (Reactome)
sCD163R-HSA-9665525 (Reactome)
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