Effect of intestinal microbiome on anticoagulant response of vitamin K antagonists (Homo sapiens)

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Bibliography

1. Han Yan, Yi Chen, Hong Zhu, Wei-Hua Huang, Xin-He Cai, Dan Li, Ya-Juan Lv, Si-Zhao, Hong-Hao Zhou, Fan-Yan Luo, Wei Zhang, Xi Li; ''The Relationship Among Intestinal Bacteria, Vitamin K and Response of Vitamin K Antagonist: A Review of Evidence and Potential Mechanism''; Front Med (Lausanne), 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

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External references

DataNodes

Name	Type	Database reference	Comment
1-butyrate	Metabolite	CHEBI:17968 (ChEBI)	short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); other SCFAs prodcued by the intestinal bacteria are propionic and acetic acids. butyrate could reduce the absorption of dietary cholesterol by downregulating the expression of NPC1L1 in the intestines Butyrate is Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist (dor both PPARα and PPARβ)
Acenocoumarol	Metabolite	CHEBI:53766 (ChEBI)
Anisindione	Metabolite	CHEBI:133809 (ChEBI)
Apaxiban	Metabolite	CHEBI:72296 (ChEBI)	AKA Eliquis, alternative to warfarin
Brodifacoum	Metabolite	Q421203 (Wikidata)
CD36	GeneProduct	CD36 (HGNC)
CYP2C9	GeneProduct	CYP2C9 (HGNC)	AKA cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily C Member 9.
Chlorophacinone	Metabolite	Q413488 (Wikidata)
Coumatetralyl	Metabolite	Q415772 (Wikidata)
Diphacinone	Metabolite	CHEBI:81896 (ChEBI)
Fluindione	Metabolite	Q3074488 (Wikidata)
Lithocholic acid	Metabolite	CHEBI:16325 (ChEBI)	secondary bile acid produced by intestinal bacteria Could activate PXR (72), and is a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist.
NPC1L1	GeneProduct	NPC1L1 (HGNC)	AKA NPC1like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1;
PPAR alpha	Protein	Q07869 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)	AKA PPARA, PPARα, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation of PPARα and PPARβ will decrease the expression of NPC1L1 in intestines
PPAR beta	Protein	Q03181 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)	AKA PPARB, PPARβ, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β; PPARbeta (formerly PPARdelta) activation of PPARα and PPARβ will decrease the expression of NPC1L1 in intestines
PXR	Protein	O75469 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)	AKA regnane X receptor, NR1I2 PXR is a drug-activated nuclear receptor, and has been shown to mediate the transcriptional upregulation of CYP2C gene
Phenindione	Metabolite	CHEBI:8066 (ChEBI)
Phenprocoumon	Metabolite	CHEBI:50438 (ChEBI)
Pindone	Metabolite	HMDB0256560 (HMDB)
SR-BI	Protein	Q8WTV0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)	AKA Scavenger receptor class B member 1
Tioclomarol	Metabolite	CHEBI:135730 (ChEBI)
VDR	GeneProduct	VDR (HGNC)	AKA vitamin D receptor VDR is a drug-activated nuclear receptor and has been shown to mediate the transcriptional upregulation of CYP2C gene.
Vitamin K absorption	Pathway
Warfarin	Metabolite	CHEBI:10033 (ChEBI)	AKA Coumadin
dicoumarol	Metabolite	CHEBI:4513 (ChEBI)
menaquinone	Metabolite	CHEBI:16374 (ChEBI)	Figure in paper describes menaquinone, text mentiones: "MK-4 has been found as the most common menaquinone in humans, as well as the only menaquinone converted by phylloquinone. The other menaquinone is synthesized by some obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Except for MK-4, the other menaquinone in humans is mostly synthesized by intestinal bacteria. [PMID:35510250]. Therefore, annotated with overarching Vit.K2 ID from chebi (which should constitute all subforms)
phylloquinone	Metabolite	CHEBI:28433 (ChEBI)	AKA VK1 NPC1L1 is a regulatory factor of intestinal phylloquinone absorption

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