Folate metabolism (Homo sapiens)

From WikiPathways

Revision as of 17:45, 5 November 2009 by Khanspers (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
19, 214281171881113, 1624203272912614, 227BSynthesis of cholineTBBTransportBIEBindingUnspecified effectBConversionTBInterconversionUnspecified interactionPLASMABBBFormation of HemeTReactionBMain functionsNegative effectBBINTRACELULARBBBBBCNTBTTMETABOLITEINORGANIC IONTransformationBBPositive effectBGeneric enzymeBBFormation of methionineTBBTBTInfluence on expressionCompetitionBBNucleotide biosynthesisCholineL-Glutamic acidMethionine sulfoxideNADPSerineLA (n-6)BThromboxane A2S-AdenosylmethionineCarnitineLeukotrieneE4SELWPGD2EthanolamineGlutathione15-HETECNLOX5LeukotrieneE4CopperDHA (n-3)METHAscorbic acidLeukotriene B4ALA (n-3)Adipic acid TryptophanEndoperoxidaseCysteineEPA (n-3)LA (n-6)CBSLeukotriene C45-HPETEPGE2GPX 3 IronH2O2S-Adenosylmethionine PGD2d5 desaturaseCalciumLeukotriene A4AA (n-6)S-Adenosylhomocysteine RiboflavinZinc2-Ketobutyric acidAscorbic acidThioredoxinXDHPGISSELRPGG2FADPyrodoxal-5'-phosphateCopperPyrodoxal-5'-phosphateGlycineSeleniumTTPGE2Lipoic acidMethionineTRXR 1L-MethioninePGH3ZincNiacinHemeTCobalaminC22:5 (n-6)COX11-MethylnicotinamideMTHFRFOLIC ACIDCalciumLipoxin B4Uric acidCysteineC22:5 (n-6)IronLipoxin A4Leukotriene F4HypoxanthineAA (n-6)GPX 4Vitamin B12HomocysteineThromboxane B2TRXR 2HypoxanthineCystathioneSerine15-HETEGPX 1SELKTranscobalaminLipoxin A4FMN1GlycinePGF2aGlutathione disulfideROSMethylmalonic acid5,10-METHYL-THFGlutathioneH2OS-Adenosylhomocysteine GSHRIEPGDSPGE3PGFSCOX2CatalasePGF2aO2L-Glutamic acidGPX 2d6 desaturaseF2-Isoprostanea-tocopherolTromboxane A22-Ketobutyric acidPTGESVitamin B12GPX 6THASXanthined4 desaturase5,10-METHYL-THFSeleniumNADPDHA (n-3)CobalaminPGI2PGI2EthanolamineLeukotriene C4FOLIC ACIDa TocopherolPGG3BKMOTRXR 31-methylnicotinamideLeukotriene D4EPA (n-3)BetaineiPF2-alphaNADPHALA (n-3)ManganesePGH2Uric acidNADPHHomocysteineLeukotriene B4NicotinamideSODAdipic acidPNPOMethylmalonic acid Leukotriene D423105, 26291525


Description

The folic acid-centred micronutrient biological network. The most relevant biochemical processes related to folic acid in the context of metabolism, oxidation and inflammation are represented. Also, the compartmental separation (intracellular vs. plasma) is presented, identifying the folic acid centred plasma metabolome.

Try the New WikiPathways

View approved pathways at the new wikipathways.org.

Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

View all...
  1. Peters KL, Smith HL, Stark GR, Sen GC; ''IRF-3-dependent, NFkappa B- and JNK-independent activation of the 561 and IFN-beta genes in response to double-stranded RNA.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Schwarz M, Wright AC, Davis DL, Nazer H, Björkhem I, Russell DW; ''The bile acid synthetic gene 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-C(27)-steroid oxidoreductase is mutated in progressive intrahepatic cholestasis.''; J Clin Invest, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Itabe H; ''Oxidative modification of LDL: its pathological role in atherosclerosis.''; Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Shields DJ, Lehner R, Agellon LB, Vance DE; ''Membrane topography of human phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.''; J Biol Chem, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Heirman I, Ginneberge D, Brigelius-Flohé R, Hendrickx N, Agostinis P, Brouckaert P, Rottiers P, Grooten J; ''Blocking tumor cell eicosanoid synthesis by GP x 4 impedes tumor growth and malignancy.''; Free Radic Biol Med, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Hussein O, Rosenblat M, Refael G, Aviram M; ''Dietary selenium increases cellular glutathione peroxidase activity and reduces the enhanced susceptibility to lipid peroxidation of plasma and low-density lipoprotein in kidney transplant recipients.''; Transplantation, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Levin G, Duffin KL, Obukowicz MG, Hummert SL, Fujiwara H, Needleman P, Raz A; ''Differential metabolism of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid by cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2: implications for cellular synthesis of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2.''; Biochem J, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Morrow JD, Roberts LJ 2nd.; ''The isoprostanes. Current knowledge and directions for future research.''; Biochem Pharmacol., 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Hoey L, Strain JJ, McNulty H; ''Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with vitamin B-12: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.''; Am J Clin Nutr, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Bailey JM, Bryant RW, Whiting J, Salata K; ''Characterization of 11-HETE and 15-HETE, together with prostacyclin, as major products of the cyclooxygenase pathway in cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cells.''; J Lipid Res, 1983 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Anderson ME, Allison RD, Meister A; ''Interconversion of leukotrienes catalyzed by purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: concomitant formation of leukotriene D4 and gamma-glutamyl amino acids.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  12. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Mehra MR, Ventura HO; ''Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases.''; J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  13. Engels F, Nijkamp FP; ''Pharmacological inhibition of leukotriene actions.''; Pharm World Sci, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  14. Watanabe K; ''Prostaglandin F synthase.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  15. Fang JY, Xiao SD, Zhu SS, Yuan JM, Qiu DK, Jiang SJ; ''Relationship of plasma folic acid and status of DNA methylation in human gastric cancer.''; J Gastroenterol, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  16. Li YC, Chiang CW, Yeh HC, Hsu PY, Whitby FG, Wang LH, Chan NL; ''Structures of prostacyclin synthase and its complexes with substrate analog and inhibitor reveal a ligand-specific heme conformation change.''; J Biol Chem, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  17. Abu-Soud HM, Hazen SL; ''Nitric oxide is a physiological substrate for mammalian peroxidases.''; J Biol Chem, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  18. Brigelius-Flohé R; ''Glutathione peroxidases and redox-regulated transcription factors.''; Biol Chem, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  19. Gao Y, Hannan NR, Wanyonyi S, Konstantopolous N, Pagnon J, Feng HC, Jowett JB, Kim KH, Walder K, Collier GR; ''Activation of the selenoprotein SEPS1 gene expression by pro-inflammatory cytokines in HepG2 cells.''; Cytokine, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  20. Köhrle J, Jakob F, Contempré B, Dumont JE; ''Selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system.''; Endocr Rev, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  21. Klebanoff SJ; ''Myeloperoxidase: friend and foe.''; J Leukoc Biol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  22. Lykidis A, Wang J, Karim MA, Jackowski S; ''Overexpression of a mammalian ethanolamine-specific kinase accelerates the CDP-ethanolamine pathway.''; J Biol Chem, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  23. Mancini JA, Abramovitz M, Cox ME, Wong E, Charleson S, Perrier H, Wang Z, Prasit P, Vickers PJ; ''5-lipoxygenase-activating protein is an arachidonate binding protein.''; FEBS Lett, 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  24. Puig-Kröger A, Sierra-Filardi E, Domínguez-Soto A, Samaniego R, Corcuera MT, Gómez-Aguado F, Ratnam M, Sánchez-Mateos P, Corbí AL.; ''Folate receptor beta is expressed by tumor-associated macrophages and constitutes a marker for M2 anti-inflammatory/regulatory macrophages.''; Cancer Res, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  25. Johnsen IB, Nguyen TT, Ringdal M, Tryggestad AM, Bakke O, Lien E, Espevik T, Anthonsen MW; ''Toll-like receptor 3 associates with c-Src tyrosine kinase on endosomes to initiate antiviral signaling.''; EMBO J, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  26. Faust JR, Goldstein JL, Brown MS; ''Squalene synthetase activity in human fibroblasts: regulation via the low density lipoprotein receptor.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  27. Bender DA; ''Biochemistry of tryptophan in health and disease.''; Mol Aspects Med, 1983 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  28. Chen Y, Dennis EA; ''Expression and characterization of human group V phospholipase A2.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  29. Sakurai T, Yamamoto Y, Baba N, Nakano M; ''Phospholipase A(2) activity in non-glycated and glycated low density lipoproteins.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  30. ''Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Vitamin B6. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline.''; Washington D.C.: National Academies Press, 1998
  31. Minkes M, Stanford N, Chi MM, Roth GJ, Raz A, Needleman P, Majerus PW; ''Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate inhibits the availability of arachidonate to prostaglandin synthetase in human platelet suspensions.''; J Clin Invest, 1977 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  32. Shchedrina VA, Zhang Y, Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev V; ''Structure-function relationships, physiological roles and evolution of mammalian ER-resident selenoproteins.''; Antioxid Redox Signal, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  33. Deo AK, Bandiera SM; ''Identification of human hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes involved in the biotransformation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid.''; Drug Metab Dispos, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  34. Basu S; ''F2-isoprostanes in human health and diseases: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications.''; Antioxid Redox Signal, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  35. Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ; ''alpha-Lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant.''; Free Radic Biol Med, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  36. Taki T, Kanfer JN; ''Phospholipase D from rat brain.''; Methods Enzymol, 1981 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  37. Grumolato L, Ghzili H, Montero-Hadjadje M, Gasman S, Lesage J, Tanguy Y, Galas L, Ait-Ali D, Leprince J, Guérineau NC, Elkahloun AG, Fournier A, Vieau D, Vaudry H, Anouar Y; ''Selenoprotein T is a PACAP-regulated gene involved in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and neuroendocrine secretion.''; FASEB J, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  38. Bertran N, Camps J, Fernandez-Ballart J, Arija V, Ferre N, Tous M, Simo D, Murphy MM, Vilella E, Joven J; ''Diet and lifestyle are associated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations in a population-based study.''; J Lab Clin Med, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  39. Maccarrone M, Meloni C, Manca-di-Villahermosa S, Cococcetta N, Casciani CU, Finazzi-Agrò A, Taccone-Gallucci M; ''Vitamin E suppresses 5-lipoxygenase-mediated oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hemodialysis patients regardless of administration route.''; Am J Kidney Dis, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  40. Yun J, Kim JY, Kim OY, Jang Y, Chae JS, Kwak JH, Lim HH, Park HY, Lee SH, Lee JH; ''Associations of plasma homocysteine level with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, LDL atherogenicity, and inflammation profile in healthy men.''; Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  41. Baker CH, Matsuda SP, Liu DR, Corey EJ; ''Molecular cloning of the human gene encoding lanosterol synthase from a liver cDNA library.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  42. Setty BN, Stuart MJ, Walenga RW; ''Formation of 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in human umbilical arteries is catalyzed by cyclooxygenase.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1985 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  43. Murakami M, Nakatani Y, Tanioka T, Kudo I; ''Prostaglandin E synthase.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  44. Traber MG; ''Vitamin E regulatory mechanisms.''; Annu Rev Nutr, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  45. Kimura M, Okuno E, Inada J, Ohyama H, Kido R; ''Purification and characterization of amino-acid N-choloyltransferase from human liver.''; Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 1983 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  46. Zhang C, Cai Y, Adachi MT, Oshiro S, Aso T, Kaufman RJ, Kitajima S; ''Homocysteine induces programmed cell death in human vascular endothelial cells through activation of the unfolded protein response.''; J Biol Chem, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  47. Bailey SW, Ayling JE; ''The extremely slow and variable activity of dihydrofolate reductase in human liver and its implications for high folic acid intake.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  48. Antonenkov VD, Van Veldhoven PP, Waelkens E, Mannaerts GP; ''Substrate specificities of 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase A and sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase purified from normal rat liver peroxisomes. Sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase is involved in the metabolism of 2-methyl-branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  49. Shimojo T, Akino T, Miura Y, Schroepfer GJ Jr; ''Sphingolipid base metabolism. Stereospecific uptake of proton in the enzymatic conversion of sphinganine 1-phosphate to ethanolamine 1-phosphate.''; J Biol Chem, 1976 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  50. Miyazaki M, Kanto T, Inoue M, Itose I, Miyatake H, Sakakibara M, Yakushijin T, Kakita N, Hiramatsu N, Takehara T, Kasahara A, Hayashi N; ''Impaired cytokine response in myeloid dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection regardless of enhanced expression of Toll-like receptors and retinoic acid inducible gene-I.''; J Med Virol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  51. Nitahara Y, Aoyama Y, Horiuchi T, Noshiro M, Yoshida Y; ''Purification and characterization of rat sterol 14-demethylase P450 (CYP51) expressed in Escherichia coli.''; J Biochem, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  52. Huerta C, Borek D, Machius M, Grishin NV, Zhang H; ''Structure and mechanism of a eukaryotic FMN adenylyltransferase.''; J Mol Biol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  53. Momoi T, Ben-Yoseph Y, Nadler HL; ''Substrate-specificities of acid and alkaline ceramidases in fibroblasts from patients with Farber disease and controls.''; Biochem J, 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  54. Paul P, Kamisaka Y, Marks DL, Pagano RE; ''Purification and characterization of UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase from rat liver Golgi membranes.''; J Biol Chem, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  55. Agaugué S, Perrin-Cocon L, Coutant F, André P, Lotteau V; ''1-Methyl-tryptophan can interfere with TLR signaling in dendritic cells independently of IDO activity.''; J Immunol, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  56. Ho AW, Wong CK, Lam CW; ''Tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulates the expression of CCL2 and adhesion molecules of human proximal tubular epithelial cells through MAPK signaling pathways.''; Immunobiology, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  57. Kimura T, Nakanishi K, Nakagawa T, Shibukawa A, Matsuzaki K; ''Simultaneous determination of unbound thyroid hormones in human plasma using high performance frontal analysis with electrochemical detection.''; J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  58. Witkowska AM, Kuryliszyn-Moskal A, Borawska MH, Hukałowicz K, Markiewicz R; ''A study on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and selenium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by vasculitis.''; Clin Rheumatol, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  59. Brigelius-Flohé R; ''Tissue-specific functions of individual glutathione peroxidases.''; Free Radic Biol Med, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  60. Magni G, Amici A, Emanuelli M, Orsomando G, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S; ''Enzymology of NAD+ homeostasis in man.''; Cell Mol Life Sci, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  61. Peters-Golden M, Brock TG; ''5-lipoxygenase and FLAP.''; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  62. Ben van Ommen, Susan Fairweather-Tait, Andreas Freidig, Alwine Kardinaal, Augustin Scalbert, Suzan Wopereis; ''A network biology model of micronutrient related health''; Br J Nutr, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  63. Evans P, Halliwell B; ''Free radicals and hearing. Cause, consequence, and criteria.''; Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  64. Malle E, Marsche G, Arnhold J, Davies MJ; ''Modification of low-density lipoprotein by myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants and reagent hypochlorous acid.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  65. Galijasevic S, Saed GM, Hazen SL, Abu-Soud HM; ''Myeloperoxidase metabolizes thiocyanate in a reaction driven by nitric oxide.''; Biochemistry, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  66. Powis G, Montfort WR; ''Properties and biological activities of thioredoxins.''; Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  67. Dubois RN, Abramson SB, Crofford L, Gupta RA, Simon LS, Van De Putte LB, Lipsky PE; ''Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease.''; FASEB J, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  68. Olivier LM, Chambliss KL, Gibson KM, Krisans SK; ''Characterization of phosphomevalonate kinase: chromosomal localization, regulation, and subcellular targeting.''; J Lipid Res, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  69. Hoey L, Strain JJ, McNulty H; ''Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with vitamin B-12: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.''; Am J Clin Nutr, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  70. Inoue T, Irikura D, Okazaki N, Kinugasa S, Matsumura H, Uodome N, Yamamoto M, Kumasaka T, Miyano M, Kai Y, Urade Y; ''Mechanism of metal activation of human hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase.''; Nat Struct Biol, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  71. https://analysis.ingenuity.com/; ''Arachidonic Acid Metabolism''; Ingenuity sofware,
  72. Needleman P, Raz A, Minkes MS, Ferrendelli JA, Sprecher H; ''Triene prostaglandins: prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis and unique biological properties.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  73. Mamalakis G, Kafatos A, Tornaritis M, Alevizos B; ''Anxiety and adipose essential fatty acid precursors for prostaglandin E1 and E2.''; J Am Coll Nutr, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  74. Ye Y, Shibata Y, Yun C, Ron D, Rapoport TA; ''A membrane protein complex mediates retro-translocation from the ER lumen into the cytosol.''; Nature, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  75. Shigenaga MK, Gimeno CJ, Ames BN; ''Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1989 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  76. Spassieva S, Seo JG, Jiang JC, Bielawski J, Alvarez-Vasquez F, Jazwinski SM, Hannun YA, Obeid LM; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  77. Waterham HR, Wijburg FA, Hennekam RC, Vreken P, Poll-The BT, Dorland L, Duran M, Jira PE, Smeitink JA, Wevers RA, Wanders RJ; ''Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene.''; Am J Hum Genet, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  78. Houssa B, Schaap D, van der Wal J, Goto K, Kondo H, Yamakawa A, Shibata M, Takenawa T, van Blitterswijk WJ; ''Cloning of a novel human diacylglycerol kinase (DGKtheta) containing three cysteine-rich domains, a proline-rich region, and a pleckstrin homology domain with an overlapping Ras-associating domain.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  79. Aksoy E, Vanden Berghe W, Detienne S, Amraoui Z, Fitzgerald KA, Haegeman G, Goldman M, Willems F; ''Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhances TRIF-dependent NF-kappa B activation and IFN-beta synthesis downstream of Toll-like receptor 3 and 4.''; Eur J Immunol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  80. Betsholtz IH, Wikvall K; ''Cytochrome P450 CYP27-catalyzed oxidation of C27-steroid into C27-acid.''; J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  81. Kilpatrick L, Johnson JL, Nickbarg EB, Wang ZM, Clifford TF, Banach M, Cooperman BS, Douglas SD, Rubin H; ''Inhibition of human neutrophil superoxide generation by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin.''; J Immunol, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  82. Waterham HR, Koster J, Romeijn GJ, Hennekam RC, Vreken P, Andersson HC, FitzPatrick DR, Kelley RI, Wanders RJ; ''Mutations in the 3beta-hydroxysterol Delta24-reductase gene cause desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis.''; Am J Hum Genet, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  83. Gautier G, Humbert M, Deauvieau F, Scuiller M, Hiscott J, Bates EE, Trinchieri G, Caux C, Garrone P; ''A type I interferon autocrine-paracrine loop is involved in Toll-like receptor-induced interleukin-12p70 secretion by dendritic cells.''; J Exp Med, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  84. Yamashita S, Hosaka K, Numa S; ''Acyl-donor specificities of partially purified 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase, 2-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerophosphorylcholine acyltransferase from rat-liver microsomes.''; Eur J Biochem, 1973 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  85. Jackowski S, Fagone P; ''CTP: Phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: paving the way from gene to membrane.''; J Biol Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  86. Borzutzky A, Crompton B, Bergmann AK, Giliani S, Baxi S, Martin M, Neufeld EJ, Notarangelo LD; ''Reversible severe combined immunodeficiency phenotype secondary to a mutation of the proton-coupled folate transporter.''; Clin Immunol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  87. Janciauskiene S, Wright HT; ''Inflammation, antichymotrypsin, and lipid metabolism: autogenic etiology of Alzheimer's disease.''; Bioessays, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  88. Leonard S, Arbogast D, Geyer D, Jones C, Sinensky M; ''Localization of the gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase to human chromosome 5.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1986 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  89. Santhanam U, Ray A, Sehgal PB; ''Repression of the interleukin 6 gene promoter by p53 and the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  90. Cali JJ, Russell DW; ''Characterization of human sterol 27-hydroxylase. A mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 that catalyzes multiple oxidation reaction in bile acid biosynthesis.''; J Biol Chem, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  91. Guzik TJ, Korbut R, Adamek-Guzik T; ''Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation.''; J Physiol Pharmacol, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  92. Vásquez-Vivar J; ''Tetrahydrobiopterin, superoxide, and vascular dysfunction.''; Free Radic Biol Med, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  93. Proctor PH.; ''Free radicals, uric acid, and human disease.''; Free Radic Biol Med., 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  94. Sneddon AA, Wu HC, Farquharson A, Grant I, Arthur JR, Rotondo D, Choe SN, Wahle KW; ''Regulation of selenoprotein GPx4 expression and activity in human endothelial cells by fatty acids, cytokines and antioxidants.''; Atherosclerosis, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  95. Bates CJ, Thane CW, Prentice A, Delves HT; ''Selenium status and its correlates in a British national diet and nutrition survey: people aged 65 years and over.''; J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  96. Bosschaerts T, Guilliams M, Noel W, Hérin M, Burk RF, Hill KE, Brys L, Raes G, Ghassabeh GH, De Baetselier P, Beschin A; ''Alternatively activated myeloid cells limit pathogenicity associated with African trypanosomiasis through the IL-10 inducible gene selenoprotein P.''; J Immunol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  97. Youssef D, El Abbassi A, Jordan RM, Peiris AN; ''Fructosamine--an underutilized tool in diabetes management: case report and literature review.''; Tenn Med, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  98. Becker BF; ''Towards the physiological function of uric acid.''; Free Radic Biol Med, 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  99. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/fa/; ''Folic acid''; Linus Pauling Institute,
  100. Hammons AL, Summers CM, Woodside JV, McNulty H, Strain JJ, Young IS, Murray L, Boreham CA, Scott JM, Mitchell LE, Whitehead AS; ''Folate/homocysteine phenotypes and MTHFR 677C>T genotypes are associated with serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.''; Clin Immunol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  101. Traupe H, Has C; ''The Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes a 8- 7 sterol isomerase and is biochemically related to the CHILD syndrome.''; Eur J Dermatol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  102. Verrax J, Calderon PB; ''The controversial place of vitamin C in cancer treatment.''; Biochem Pharmacol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  103. Nava VE, Lacana E, Poulton S, Liu H, Sugiura M, Kono K, Milstien S, Kohama T, Spiegel S; ''Functional characterization of human sphingosine kinase-1.''; FEBS Lett, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  104. Ferré P; ''The biology of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: relationship with lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.''; Diabetes, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  105. Hasan UA, Caux C, Perrot I, Doffin AC, Menetrier-Caux C, Trinchieri G, Tommasino M, Vlach J; ''Cell proliferation and survival induced by Toll-like receptors is antagonized by type I IFNs.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  106. Kwak SE, Kim JE, Kim DW, Kwon OS, Choi SY, Kang TC; ''Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase, not pyridoxal kinase, involves in long-term potentiation induction in the rat dentate gyrus.''; Hippocampus, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  107. Guimarães MJ, Peterson D, Vicari A, Cocks BG, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Ferrick DA, Kastelein RA, Bazan JF, Zlotnik A; ''Identification of a novel selD homolog from eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea: is there an autoregulatory mechanism in selenocysteine metabolism?''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  108. Denis D, Charleson S, Rackham A, Jones TR, Ford-Hutchinson AW, Lord A, Cirino M, Girard Y, Larue M, Rokach J.; ''Synthesis and biological activities of leukotriene F4 and leukotriene F4 sulfone.''; Prostaglandins., 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  109. Abate A, Yang G, Dennery PA, Oberle S, Schröder H; ''Synergistic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by vitamin E and aspirin.''; Free Radic Biol Med, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  110. Bai YP, Liu YH, Chen J, Song T, You Y, Tang ZY, Li YJ, Zhang GG; ''Rosiglitazone attenuates NF-kappaB-dependent ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha production caused by homocysteine via inhibiting ERK1/2/p38MAPK activation.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  111. Al-Obaidi MK, Philippou H, Stubbs PJ, Adami A, Amersey R, Noble MM, Lane DA; ''Relationships between homocysteine, factor VIIa, and thrombin generation in acute coronary syndromes.''; Circulation, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  112. Bose R, Kolesnick R; ''Measurement of ceramide synthase activity.''; Methods Enzymol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  113. Liu YY, Han TY, Giuliano AE, Cabot MC; ''Expression of glucosylceramide synthase, converting ceramide to glucosylceramide, confers adriamycin resistance in human breast cancer cells.''; J Biol Chem, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  114. Baumruker T, Bornancin F, Billich A; ''The role of sphingosine and ceramide kinases in inflammatory responses.''; Immunol Lett, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  115. Hosaka K, Tanaka S, Nikawa J, Yamashita S; ''Cloning of a human choline kinase cDNA by complementation of the yeast cki mutation.''; FEBS Lett, 1992 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  116. Schöneich C; ''Methionine oxidation by reactive oxygen species: reaction mechanisms and relevance to Alzheimer's disease.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  117. Smith WL; ''Cyclooxygenases, peroxide tone and the allure of fish oil.''; Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  118. Isseroff RR, Ziboh VA, Chapkin RS, Martinez DT; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  119. Laden BP, Tang Y, Porter TD; ''Cloning, heterologous expression, and enzymological characterization of human squalene monooxygenase.''; Arch Biochem Biophys, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  120. Ma Y, Hébert JR, Li W, Bertone-Johnson ER, Olendzki B, Pagoto SL, Tinker L, Rosal MC, Ockene IS, Ockene JK, Griffith JA, Liu S; ''Association between dietary fiber and markers of systemic inflammation in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.''; Nutrition, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  121. Whanger PD; ''Selenoprotein W: a review.''; Cell Mol Life Sci, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  122. Lijnen HR; ''Elements of the fibrinolytic system.''; Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  123. Hesse-Bähr K, Dreher I, Köhrle J; ''The influence of the cytokines Il-1beta and INFgamma on the expression of selenoproteins in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2.''; Biofactors, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  124. Moreno JJ; ''New aspects of the role of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in cell growth and cancer development.''; Biochem Pharmacol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  125. Singh U, Devaraj S, Jialal I.; ''Vitamin E, oxidative stress, and inflammation.''; Annu Rev Nutr., 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  126. Whitaker MO, Wyche A, Fitzpatrick F, Sprecher H, Needleman P; ''Triene prostaglandins: prostaglandin D3 and icosapentaenoic acid as potential antithrombotic substances.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  127. van der Westhuyzen DR, Cai L, de Beer MC, de Beer FC; ''Serum amyloid A promotes cholesterol efflux mediated by scavenger receptor B-I.''; J Biol Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  128. Reilly IA, FitzGerald GA; ''Inhibition of thromboxane formation in vivo and ex vivo: implications for therapy with platelet inhibitory drugs.''; Blood, 1987 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  129. McCay PB; ''Vitamin E: interactions with free radicals and ascorbate.''; Annu Rev Nutr, 1985 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  130. Liu C, Wang Q, Guo H, Xia M, Yuan Q, Hu Y, Zhu H, Hou M, Ma J, Tang Z, Ling W; ''Plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine is a better biomarker of atherosclerosis than homocysteine in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed high dietary methionine.''; J Nutr, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  131. Choi SW, Mason JB; ''Folate and carcinogenesis: an integrated scheme.''; J Nutr, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  132. Nakamura MT, Nara TY; ''Structure, function, and dietary regulation of delta6, delta5, and delta9 desaturases.''; Annu Rev Nutr, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  133. Lykidis A, Jackson PD, Rock CO, Jackowski S; ''The role of CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase and phosphatidylinositol synthase activity levels in the regulation of cellular phosphatidylinositol content.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  134. Schnedl WJ, Liebminger A, Roller RE, Lipp RW, Krejs GJ; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  135. Cipollone F, Cicolini G, Bucci M; ''Cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin synthases in atherosclerosis: recent insights and future perspectives.''; Pharmacol Ther, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  136. Kraveka JM, Li L, Szulc ZM, Bielawski J, Ogretmen B, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Bielawska A; ''Involvement of dihydroceramide desaturase in cell cycle progression in human neuroblastoma cells.''; J Biol Chem, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  137. Draus E, Niefind J, Vietor K, Havsteen B; ''Isolation and characterization of the human liver ethanolamine kinase.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1990 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  138. Salem N Jr, Pawlosky R, Wegher B, Hibbeln J; ''In vivo conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in human adults.''; Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  139. Lucock M, Daskalakis I, Briggs D, Yates Z, Levene M; ''Altered folate metabolism and disposition in mothers affected by a spina bifida pregnancy: influence of 677c -->t methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and 2756a -->g methionine synthase genotypes.''; Mol Genet Metab, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  140. Lu B, Xu FY, Jiang YJ, Choy PC, Hatch GM, Grunfeld C, Feingold KR; ''Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding human cardiolipin synthase (hCLS1).''; J Lipid Res, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  141. Remoli ME, Ragimbeau J, Giacomini E, Gafa V, Severa M, Lande R, Pellegrini S, Coccia EM; ''NF-{kappa}B is required for STAT-4 expression during dendritic cell maturation.''; J Leukoc Biol, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  142. Ben Jilani KE, Panee J, He Q, Berry MJ, Li PA; ''Overexpression of selenoprotein H reduces Ht22 neuronal cell death after UVB irradiation by preventing superoxide formation.''; Int J Biol Sci, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  143. Guan ZZ, Wang YN, Xiao KQ, Hu PS, Liu JL; ''Activity of phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase in brain affected by Alzheimer's disease.''; Neurochem Int, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  144. Korotkov KV, Novoselov SV, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN; ''Mammalian selenoprotein in which selenocysteine (Sec) incorporation is supported by a new form of Sec insertion sequence element.''; Mol Cell Biol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  145. Araya Z, Wikvall K; ''6alpha-hydroxylation of taurochenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid by CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  146. Papp LV, Lu J, Holmgren A, Khanna KK; ''From selenium to selenoproteins: synthesis, identity, and their role in human health.''; Antioxid Redox Signal, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  147. Yamaoka S, Miyaji M, Kitano T, Umehara H, Okazaki T; ''Expression cloning of a human cDNA restoring sphingomyelin synthesis and cell growth in sphingomyelin synthase-defective lymphoid cells.''; J Biol Chem, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  148. Kalpakcioglu B, Senel K; ''The interrelation of glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glucose-6-phosphate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.''; Clin Rheumatol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  149. Kainou T, Kawamura K, Tanaka K, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M; ''Identification of the GGPS1 genes encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from mouse and human.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  150. Doo YC, Han SJ, Park WJ, Kim SM, Choi SH, Cho GY, Hong KS, Han KR, Lee NH, Oh DJ, Ryu KH, Rhim CY, Lee KH, Lee Y; ''Associations between C-reactive protein and circulating cell adhesion molecules in patients with unstable angina undergoing coronary intervention and their clinical implication.''; Clin Cardiol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  151. Imai H, Narashima K, Arai M, Sakamoto H, Chiba N, Nakagawa Y; ''Suppression of leukotriene formation in RBL-2H3 cells that overexpressed phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.''; J Biol Chem, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  152. Guzik TJ, Korbut R, Adamek-Guzik T.; ''Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation.''; J Physiol Pharmacol., 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  153. Arnér ES, Nordberg J, Holmgren A; ''Efficient reduction of lipoamide and lipoic acid by mammalian thioredoxin reductase.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  154. Yamauchi Y, Reid PC, Sperry JB, Furukawa K, Takeya M, Chang CC, Chang TY; ''Plasma membrane rafts complete cholesterol synthesis by participating in retrograde movement of precursor sterols.''; J Biol Chem, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  155. Gao Y, Feng HC, Walder K, Bolton K, Sunderland T, Bishara N, Quick M, Kantham L, Collier GR; ''Regulation of the selenoprotein SelS by glucose deprivation and endoplasmic reticulum stress - SelS is a novel glucose-regulated protein.''; FEBS Lett, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  156. Collart MA, Baeuerle P, Vassalli P; ''Regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha transcription in macrophages: involvement of four kappa B-like motifs and of constitutive and inducible forms of NF-kappa B.''; Mol Cell Biol, 1990 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  157. Simmons DL, Botting RM, Hla T; ''Cyclooxygenase isozymes: the biology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition.''; Pharmacol Rev, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  158. Kryukov GV, Castellano S, Novoselov SV, Lobanov AV, Zehtab O, Guigó R, Gladyshev VN; ''Characterization of mammalian selenoproteomes.''; Science, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  159. Serhan CN; ''Lipoxins and novel aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxins (ATL): a jungle of cell-cell interactions or a therapeutic opportunity?''; Prostaglandins, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  160. Cuebas DA, Phillips C, Schmitz W, Conzelmann E, Novikov DK; ''The role of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase in bile acid synthesis.''; Biochem J, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  161. Sica A, Tan TH, Rice N, Kretzschmar M, Ghosh P, Young HA; ''The c-rel protooncogene product c-Rel but not NF-kappa B binds to the intronic region of the human interferon-gamma gene at a site related to an interferon-stimulable response element.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1992 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  162. Niwa Y, Sakane T, Ichikawa M, Kondo T, Taniguchi S; ''Phospholipid transmethylation and choline phosphotransferase in microsomal fraction of human diseased liver.''; J Hepatol, 1986 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  163. Fowler B.; ''Homocysteine: overview of biochemistry, molecular biology, and role in disease processes.''; Semin Vasc Med, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  164. Edmondson DE, Newton-Vinson P; ''The covalent FAD of monoamine oxidase: structural and functional role and mechanism of the flavinylation reaction.''; Antioxid Redox Signal, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  165. Mayer O Jr, Simon J, Rosolová H, Hromádka M, Subrt I, Vobrubová I; ''The effects of folate supplementation on some coagulation parameters and oxidative status surrogates.''; Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  166. Banning A, Florian S, Deubel S, Thalmann S, Müller-Schmehl K, Jacobasch G, Brigelius-Flohé R; ''GPx2 counteracts PGE2 production by dampening COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression in human colon cancer cells.''; Antioxid Redox Signal, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  167. Petersen Shay K, Moreau RF, Smith EJ, Hagen TM.; ''Is alpha-lipoic acid a scavenger of reactive oxygen species in vivo? Evidence for its initiation of stress signaling pathways that promote endogenous antioxidant capacity.''; IUBMB Life., 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  168. Penning TM, Jin Y, Steckelbroeck S, Lanisnik Rizner T, Lewis M; ''Structure-function of human 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: genes and proteins.''; Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  169. Lee WH, Lukacik P, Guo K, Ugochukwu E, Kavanagh KL, Marsden B, Oppermann U; ''Structure-activity relationships of human AKR-type oxidoreductases involved in bile acid synthesis: AKR1D1 and AKR1C4.''; Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  170. Bianco AC, Kim BW; ''Deiodinases: implications of the local control of thyroid hormone action.''; J Clin Invest, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  171. Rampersaud GC, Kauwell GP, Bailey LB; ''Folate: a key to optimizing health and reducing disease risk in the elderly.''; J Am Coll Nutr, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  172. Xie S, Wang Q, Wu H, Cogswell J, Lu L, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Dai W; ''Reactive oxygen species-induced phosphorylation of p53 on serine 20 is mediated in part by polo-like kinase-3.''; J Biol Chem, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  173. Tomohiro S, Kawaguti A, Kawabe Y, Kitada S, Kuge O; ''Purification and characterization of human phosphatidylserine synthase 1 and 2.''; Biochem J, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  174. Lu C, Qiu F, Zhou H, Peng Yp, Hao W, Xu J, Yuan J, Wang S, Qiang B, Xu C, Peng X.; ''Identification and characterization of selenoprotein K: an antioxidant in cardiomyocytes.''; FEBS Lett., 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  175. Amaral JD, Castro RE, Steer CJ, Rodrigues CM; ''p53 and the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis: implications for disease pathogenesis.''; Trends Mol Med, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  176. Panee J, Stoytcheva ZR, Liu W, Berry MJ; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  177. Pesch J, Brehm U, Staib C, Grummt F; ''Repression of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 promoters by tumor suppressor protein p53.''; J Interferon Cytokine Res, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  178. Skacel N, Menon LG, Mishra PJ, Peters R, Banerjee D, Bertino JR, Abali EE; ''Identification of amino acids required for the functional up-regulation of human dihydrofolate reductase protein in response to antifolate Treatment.''; J Biol Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  179. Ahlberg J, Angelin B, Björkhem I, Einarsson K, Leijd B; ''Hepatic cholesterol metabolism in normo- and hyperlipidemic patients with cholesterol gallstones.''; J Lipid Res, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  180. Bowser PA, Gray GM; ''Sphingomyelinase in pig and human epidermis.''; J Invest Dermatol, 1978 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  181. Schöneich C; ''Methionine oxidation by reactive oxygen species: reaction mechanisms and relevance to Alzheimer's disease.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  182. Schnurr K, Belkner J, Ursini F, Schewe T, Kühn H; ''The selenoenzyme phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase controls the activity of the 15-lipoxygenase with complex substrates and preserves the specificity of the oxygenation products.''; J Biol Chem, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  183. Kamagate A, Dong HH; ''FoxO1 integrates insulin signaling to VLDL production.''; Cell Cycle, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  184. Finkelstein JD; ''The metabolism of homocysteine: pathways and regulation.''; Eur J Pediatr, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  185. Marnett LJ; ''Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde.''; Mutat Res, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  186. Barth E, Albuszies G, Baumgart K, Matejovic M, Wachter U, Vogt J, Radermacher P, Calzia E; ''Glucose metabolism and catecholamines.''; Crit Care Med, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  187. Denis D, Charleson S, Rackham A, Jones TR, Ford-Hutchinson AW, Lord A, Cirino M, Girard Y, Larue M, Rokach J.; ''Synthesis and biological activities of leukotriene F4 and leukotriene F4 sulfone''; Prostaglandins., 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  188. Struys EA, Jansen EE, de Meer K, Jakobs C; ''Determination of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by stable-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.''; Clin Chem, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  189. Bütikofer P, Yee MC, Schott MA, Lubin BH, Kuypers FA; ''Generation of phosphatidic acid during calcium-loading of human erythrocytes. Evidence for a phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D.''; Eur J Biochem, 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  190. Adams RL, Bird RJ; ''Review article: Coagulation cascade and therapeutics update: relevance to nephrology. Part 1: Overview of coagulation, thrombophilias and history of anticoagulants.''; Nephrology (Carlton), 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  191. Shen W, Stone K, Jales A, Leitenberg D, Ladisch S; ''Inhibition of TLR activation and up-regulation of IL-1R-associated kinase-M expression by exogenous gangliosides.''; J Immunol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  192. Goldstein JL, Brown MS; ''Familial hypercholesterolemia: identification of a defect in the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity associated with overproduction of cholesterol.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1973 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  193. Zamocky M, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C; ''Evolution of catalases from bacteria to humans.''; Antioxid Redox Signal, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  194. Whanger PD; ''Selenoprotein expression and function-Selenoprotein W.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  195. Franken PA, Van den Berg L, Huang J, Gunyuzlu P, Lugtigheid RB, Verheij HM, De Haas GH; ''Purification and characterization of a mutant human platelet phospholipase A2 expressed in Escherichia coli. Cleavage of a fusion protein with cyanogen bromide.''; Eur J Biochem, 1992 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  196. Ho TC, Chen SL, Yang YC, Chen CY, Feng FP, Hsieh JW, Cheng HC, Tsao YP; ''15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 induces vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through the sequential activation of MAPKS and p53.''; J Biol Chem, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  197. Pyne S, Pyne NJ; ''Sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling in mammalian cells.''; Biochem J, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  198. Hoey L, McNulty H, Strain JJ; ''Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with riboflavin: a systematic review.''; Am J Clin Nutr, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  199. Correa-Cerro LS, Porter FD; ''3beta-hydroxysterol Delta7-reductase and the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.''; Mol Genet Metab, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  200. Karpe F, Bickerton AS, Hodson L, Fielding BA, Tan GD, Frayn KN; ''Removal of triacylglycerols from chylomicrons and VLDL by capillary beds: the basis of lipoprotein remnant formation.''; Biochem Soc Trans, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  201. Leung DW, Tompkins CK, White T; ''Molecular cloning of two alternatively spliced forms of human phosphatidic acid phosphatase cDNAs that are differentially expressed in normal and tumor cells.''; DNA Cell Biol, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  202. Huwyler J, Bürgin M, Zeugin T, Gut J; ''Transformation of 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid into dihydroxy- and cysteinyl-leukotrienes by rat hepatocytes: effects of glutathione.''; Mol Pharmacol, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  203. Goetzl EJ, Sun FF; ''Generation of unique mono-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids from arachidonic acid by human neutrophils.''; J Exp Med, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  204. Esmon CT; ''Does inflammation contribute to thrombotic events?''; Haemostasis, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  205. Lööf L, Wengle B; ''Enzymatic sulphation of bile salts in human liver.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1978 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  206. Horrobin DF; ''Fatty acid metabolism in health and disease: the role of delta-6-desaturase.''; Am J Clin Nutr, 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  207. Bakovic M, Fullerton MD, Michel V; ''Metabolic and molecular aspects of ethanolamine phospholipid biosynthesis: the role of CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (Pcyt2).''; Biochem Cell Biol, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  208. Karthikeyan S, Zhou Q, Osterman AL, Zhang H; ''Ligand binding-induced conformational changes in riboflavin kinase: structural basis for the ordered mechanism.''; Biochemistry, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  209. Bandarian V, Pattridge KA, Lennon BW, Huddler DP, Matthews RG, Ludwig ML.; ''Domain alternation switches B(12)-dependent methionine synthase to the activation conformation.''; Nat Struct Biol., 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  210. Galton DJ; ''Lipogenesis in human adipose tissue.''; J Lipid Res, 1968 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  211. Malle E, Marsche G, Arnhold J, Davies MJ; ''Modification of low-density lipoprotein by myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants and reagent hypochlorous acid.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  212. Scheurig AC, Thorand B, Fischer B, Heier M, Koenig W; ''Association between the intake of vitamins and trace elements from supplements and C-reactive protein: results of the MONICA/KORA Augsburg study.''; Eur J Clin Nutr, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  213. Al-Obaidi MK, Philippou H, Stubbs PJ, Adami A, Amersey R, Noble MM, Lane DA; ''Relationships between homocysteine, factor VIIa, and thrombin generation in acute coronary syndromes.''; Circulation, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  214. Wilson A, Leclerc D, Rosenblatt DS, Gravel RA; ''Molecular basis for methionine synthase reductase deficiency in patients belonging to the cblE complementation group of disorders in folate/cobalamin metabolism.''; Hum Mol Genet, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  215. Nilsson A, Duan RD; ''Absorption and lipoprotein transport of sphingomyelin.''; J Lipid Res, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  216. Johnson MR, Barnes S, Diasio RB; ''Radioassay of bile acid coenzyme A:glycine/taurine: N-acyltransferase using an n-butanol solvent extraction procedure.''; Anal Biochem, 1989 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  217. Kryukov GV, Kumar RA, Koc A, Sun Z, Gladyshev VN.; ''Selenoprotein R is a zinc-containing stereo-specific methionine sulfoxide reductase.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  218. Kovacs E; ''The serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble gp130 (sgp130) in different tumour stages. Correlation between the two parameters in progression of malignancy.''; Biomed Pharmacother, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  219. Weisel JW; ''Fibrinogen and fibrin.''; Adv Protein Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  220. Clifton PM, Mackinnon AM, Barter PJ; ''Effects of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) on composition, size, and density of high density lipoproteins in subjects with myocardial infarction.''; J Lipid Res, 1985 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  221. Paradisi G, Cucinelli F, Mele MC, Barini A, Lanzone A, Caruso A; ''Endothelial function in post-menopausal women: effect of folic acid supplementation.''; Hum Reprod, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  222. Fernandes-Costa F: Metz J.; ''Vitamin B12 binders (transcobalamins) in serum.''; Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci., 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  223. Joensen AM, Schmidt EB, Dethlefsen C, Johnsen SP, Tjønneland A, Rasmussen LH, Overvad K; ''Dietary intake of total marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid and the risk of acute coronary syndrome - a cohort study.''; Br J Nutr, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  224. Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN; ''The Sep15 protein family: roles in disulfide bond formation and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum.''; IUBMB Life, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  225. MacDonald IA, Rochon YP, Hutchison DM, Holdeman LV; ''Formation of ursodeoxycholic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid by a 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-elaborating Eubacterium aerofaciens strain cocultured with 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-elaborating organisms.''; Appl Environ Microbiol, 1982 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  226. Bates CJ, Thane CW, Prentice A, Delves HT; ''Selenium status and its correlates in a British national diet and nutrition survey: people aged 65 years and over.''; J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  227. May JM, Mendiratta S, Hill KE, Burk RF; ''Reduction of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate by the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  228. Zhao R, Qiu A, Tsai E, Jansen M, Akabas MH, Goldman ID; ''The proton-coupled folate transporter: impact on pemetrexed transport and on antifolates activities compared with the reduced folate carrier.''; Mol Pharmacol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  229. Itabe H; ''Oxidative modification of LDL: its pathological role in atherosclerosis.''; Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  230. Moore SA, Hurt E, Yoder E, Sprecher H, Spector AA; ''Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in human skin fibroblasts involves peroxisomal retroconversion of tetracosahexaenoic acid.''; J Lipid Res, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  231. Hiscott J, Marois J, Garoufalis J, D'Addario M, Roulston A, Kwan I, Pepin N, Lacoste J, Nguyen H, Bensi G; ''Characterization of a functional NF-kappa B site in the human interleukin 1 beta promoter: evidence for a positive autoregulatory loop.''; Mol Cell Biol, 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  232. Bierbach H; ''Studies on long chain fatty acid:CoA ligase from human small intestine.''; Gut, 1980 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  233. Arbogast S, Beuvin M, Fraysse B, Zhou H, Muntoni F, Ferreiro A; ''Oxidative stress in SEPN1-related myopathy: from pathophysiology to treatment.''; Ann Neurol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  234. Lu C, Qiu F, Zhou H, Peng Y, Hao W, Xu J, Yuan J, Wang S, Qiang B, Xu C, Peng X; ''Identification and characterization of selenoprotein K: an antioxidant in cardiomyocytes.''; FEBS Lett, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  235. Semnani RT, Venugopal PG, Leifer CA, Mostbˆck S, Sabzevari H, Nutman TB; ''Inhibition of TLR3 and TLR4 function and expression in human dendritic cells by helminth parasites.''; Blood, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  236. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminB6/; ''Vitamin B 6''; Linus Paulin institute,
  237. Feng Q, Keshtgarpour M, Pelleymounter LL, Moon I, Kalari KR, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED, Weinshilboum RM; ''Human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase: common gene sequence variation and functional genomic characterization.''; J Neurochem, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  238. Leclerc D, Wilson A, Dumas R, Gafuik C, Song D, Watkins D, Heng HH, Rommens JM, Scherer SW, Rosenblatt DS, Gravel RA; ''Cloning and mapping of a cDNA for methionine synthase reductase, a flavoprotein defective in patients with homocystinuria.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  239. Smith WL, Langenbach R; ''Why there are two cyclooxygenase isozymes.''; J Clin Invest, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  240. Wang LH, Kulmacz RJ; ''Thromboxane synthase: structure and function of protein and gene.''; Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  241. Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Kurokawa M, Kawaguchi M, Ieki K, Kuga H, Odaka M, Suzuki S, Watanabe S, Takeuchi H, Kasama T, Adachi M; ''Synthetic double-stranded RNA induces multiple genes related to inflammation through Toll-like receptor 3 depending on NF-kappaB and/or IRF-3 in airway epithelial cells.''; Clin Exp Allergy, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  242. Molnar J, Garamvolgyi Z, Herold M, Adanyi N, Somogyi A, Rigo J Jr; ''Serum selenium concentrations correlate significantly with inflammatory biomarker high-sensitive CRP levels in Hungarian gestational diabetic and healthy pregnant women at mid-pregnancy.''; Biol Trace Elem Res, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  243. Son YH, Jeong YT, Lee KA, Choi KH, Kim SM, Rhim BY, Kim K; ''Roles of MAPK and NF-kappaB in interleukin-6 induction by lipopolysaccharide in vascular smooth muscle cells.''; J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  244. White BA, Cacciapuoti AF, Fricke RJ, Whitehead TR, Mosbach EH, Hylemon PB; ''Cofactor requiremets for 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid in cell extracts of the intestinal anaerobic bacterium, Eubacterium species V.P.I. 13708.''; J Lipid Res, 1981 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  245. Jakobsson A, Westerberg R, Jacobsson A; ''Fatty acid elongases in mammals: their regulation and roles in metabolism.''; Prog Lipid Res, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  246. Hink HU, Santanam N, Dikalov S, McCann L, Nguyen AD, Parthasarathy S, Harrison DG, Fukai T; ''Peroxidase properties of extracellular superoxide dismutase: role of uric acid in modulating in vivo activity.''; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  247. Jeong D, Kim TS, Chung YW, Lee BJ, Kim IY; ''Selenoprotein W is a glutathione-dependent antioxidant in vivo.''; FEBS Lett, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  248. Das UN; ''Folic acid says NO to vascular diseases.''; Nutrition, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  249. Bleys J, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E; ''Serum selenium and diabetes in U.S. adults.''; Diabetes Care, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  250. Zheng L, Nukuna B, Brennan ML, Sun M, Goormastic M, Settle M, Schmitt D, Fu X, Thomson L, Fox PL, Ischiropoulos H, Smith JD, Kinter M, Hazen SL; ''Apolipoprotein A-I is a selective target for myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation and functional impairment in subjects with cardiovascular disease.''; J Clin Invest, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  251. Steinbrenner H, Sies H; ''Protection against reactive oxygen species by selenoproteins.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  252. WikiPathways; ''Selenoproteins''; http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:Homo_sapiens:Selenoproteins,
  253. Voelker DR; ''Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  254. Molnár I, Balázs C, Szegedi G, Sipka S; ''Inhibition of type 2,5'-deiodinase by tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and interferon gamma in human thyroid tissue.''; Immunol Lett, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  255. Yasutomi M, Ohshima Y, Omata N, Yamada A, Iwasaki H, Urasaki Y, Mayumi M; ''Erythromycin differentially inhibits lipopolysaccharide- or poly(I:C)-induced but not peptidoglycan-induced activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.''; J Immunol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  256. Johnson J, Albarani V, Nguyen M, Goldman M, Willems F, Aksoy E; ''Protein kinase Calpha is involved in interferon regulatory factor 3 activation and type I interferon-beta synthesis.''; J Biol Chem, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  257. Goriely S, Molle C, Nguyen M, Albarani V, Haddou NO, Lin R, De Wit D, Flamand V, Willems F, Goldman M; ''Interferon regulatory factor 3 is involved in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and TLR3-induced IL-12p35 gene activation.''; Blood, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  258. Gustafsson J; ''Bile acid synthesis during development. Mitochondrial 12 alpha-hydroxylation in human fetal liver.''; J Clin Invest, 1985 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  259. Stoffel W, LeKim D, Sticht G; ''Metabolism of sphingosine bases. 8. Distribution, isolation and properties of D-3-oxosphinganine reductase. Stereospecificity of the NADPH-dependent reaction of 3-oxodihydrospingosine (2-amino-1-hydroxyoctadecane-3-one).''; Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 1968 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  260. Erickson SK, Bösterling B; ''Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase from human liver: partial purification and reconstruction into defined phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles.''; J Lipid Res, 1981 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  261. Sandrine A, Ferreiro A; ''Selenoproteins and protection against oxidative stress: selenoprotein N as a novel player at the crossroads of redox signalling and calcium homeostasis.''; Antioxid Redox Signal, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  262. Chatterjee S, Castiglione E; ''UDPgalactose:glucosylceramide beta 1----4-galactosyltransferase activity in human proximal tubular cells from normal and familial hypercholesterolemic homozygotes.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1987 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  263. Vladimir Kery, Loelle Poneleit, Jeffrey D. Meyer, Mark C. Manning, Jan P. Kraus; ''Binding of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate to the Heme Protein Human Cystathionine -Synthase''; Biochemistry., 1998
  264. Hoyos B, Ballard DW, Böhnlein E, Siekevitz M, Greene WC; ''Kappa B-specific DNA binding proteins: role in the regulation of human interleukin-2 gene expression.''; Science, 1989 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  265. Videla LA, Rodrigo R, Araya J, Poniachik J; ''Insulin resistance and oxidative stress interdependency in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.''; Trends Mol Med, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  266. Hammarström S; ''Leukotrienes.''; Annu Rev Biochem, 1983 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  267. Manieri W, Moore ME, Soellner MB, Tsang P, Caperelli CA; ''Human glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase: active site mutants as mechanistic probes.''; Biochemistry, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  268. Needleman P, Raz A, Minkes MS, Ferrendelli JA, Sprecher H; ''Triene prostaglandins: prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis and unique biological properties.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  269. Janciauskiene S, Wright HT; ''Inflammation, antichymotrypsin, and lipid metabolism: autogenic etiology of Alzheimer's disease.''; Bioessays, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  270. Eklund CM; ''Proinflammatory cytokines in CRP baseline regulation.''; Adv Clin Chem, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  271. Ivanov A, Nash-Barboza S, Hinkis S, Caudill MA; ''Genetic variants in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase influence biomarkers of choline metabolism when folate intake is restricted.''; J Am Diet Assoc, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  272. Selhub J.; ''Homocysteine metabolism.''; Annu Rev Nutr., 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  273. Sala A, Voelkel N, Maclouf J, Murphy RC; ''Leukotriene E4 elimination and metabolism in normal human subjects.''; J Biol Chem, 1990 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  274. Basu S.; ''Isoprostanes: novel bioactive products of lipid peroxidation.''; Free Radic Res., 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  275. Jiang LL, Kurosawa T, Sato M, Suzuki Y, Hashimoto T; ''Physiological role of D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase/D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional protein.''; J Biochem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  276. Huijghebaert SM, Hofmann AF; ''Influence of the amino acid moiety on deconjugation of bile acid amidates by cholylglycine hydrolase or human fecal cultures.''; J Lipid Res, 1986 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  277. ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  278. Wu D, Mura C, Beharka AA, Han SN, Paulson KE, Hwang D, Meydani SN; ''Age-associated increase in PGE2 synthesis and COX activity in murine macrophages is reversed by vitamin E.''; Am J Physiol, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  279. Jakubowski H; ''Molecular basis of homocysteine toxicity in humans.''; Cell Mol Life Sci, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  280. Okuma M, Yamashita S, Numa S; ''Enzymic studies on phosphatidic acid synthesis in human platelets.''; Blood, 1973 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  281. Cheng JB, Jacquemin E, Gerhardt M, Nazer H, Cresteil D, Heubi JE, Setchell KD, Russell DW; ''Molecular genetics of 3beta-hydroxy-Delta5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency in 16 patients with loss of bile acid synthesis and liver disease.''; J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  282. Wilson A, Platt R, Wu Q, Leclerc D, Christensen B, Yang H, Gravel RA, Rozen R; ''A common variant in methionine synthase reductase combined with low cobalamin (vitamin B12) increases risk for spina bifida.''; Molecular genetics and metabolism, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  283. Saavedra WF, Paolocci N, St John ME, Skaf MW, Stewart GC, Xie JS, Harrison RW, Zeichner J, Mudrick D, Marbán E, Kass DA, Hare JM; ''Imbalance between xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase signaling pathways underlies mechanoenergetic uncoupling in the failing heart.''; Circ Res, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  284. Helgerud P, Saarem K, Norum KR; ''Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in human small intestine: its activity and some properties of the enzymic reaction.''; J Lipid Res, 1981 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  285. Ferguson AD, Labunskyy VM, Fomenko DE, Araç D, Chelliah Y, Amezcua CA, Rizo J, Gladyshev VN, Deisenhofer J; ''NMR structures of the selenoproteins Sep15 and SelM reveal redox activity of a new thioredoxin-like family.''; J Biol Chem, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  286. Schumm K, Rocha S, Caamano J, Perkins ND; ''Regulation of p53 tumour suppressor target gene expression by the p52 NF-kappaB subunit.''; EMBO J, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  287. Neumann D, Kollewe C, Resch K, Martin MU.; ''The death domain of IRAK-1: an oligomerization domain mediating interactions with MyD88, Tollip, IRAK-1, and IRAK-4.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  288. Leclerc D, Campeau E, Goyette P, Adjalla CE, Christensen B, Ross M, Eydoux P, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R, Gravel RA.; ''Human methionine synthase: cDNA cloning and identification of mutations in patients of the cblG complementation group of folate/cobalamin disorders.''; Hum Mol Genet., 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  289. Hahn FM, Xuan JW, Chambers AF, Poulter CD; ''Human isopentenyl diphosphate: dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase: overproduction, purification, and characterization.''; Arch Biochem Biophys, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  290. Lewis GF, Rader DJ; ''New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport.''; Circ Res, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  291. Lu J, Holmgren A; ''Selenoproteins.''; J Biol Chem, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  292. Schafer BL, Bishop RW, Kratunis VJ, Kalinowski SS, Mosley ST, Gibson KM, Tanaka RD; ''Molecular cloning of human mevalonate kinase and identification of a missense mutation in the genetic disease mevalonic aciduria.''; J Biol Chem, 1992 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  293. Stoffel W, LeKim D, Sticht G; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  294. McKinley MC, McNulty H, McPartlin J, Strain JJ, Scott JM; ''Effect of riboflavin supplementation on plasma homocysteine in elderly people with low riboflavin status.''; Eur J Clin Nutr, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  295. Kim YI; ''Role of the MTHFR polymorphisms in cancer risk modification and treatment.''; Future Oncol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  296. Schäfer M, Werner S; ''Oxidative stress in normal and impaired wound repair.''; Pharmacol Res, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  297. Burk RF, Hill KE, Motley AK; ''Selenoprotein metabolism and function: evidence for more than one function for selenoprotein P.''; J Nutr, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  298. Selhub J.; ''Homocysteine metabolism.''; Annu Rev Nutr, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  299. Pedretti A, Bocci E, Maggi R, Vistoli G; ''Homology modelling of human DHCR24 (seladin-1) and analysis of its binding properties through molecular docking and dynamics simulations.''; Steroids, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  300. Gladyshev VN, Jeang KT, Wootton JC, Hatfield DL; ''A new human selenium-containing protein. Purification, characterization, and cDNA sequence.''; J Biol Chem, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  301. https://analysis.ingenuity.com/; ''Prostaglandin and Leukotriene Metabolism''; Ingenuity software,
  302. Ellis E, Goodwin B, Abrahamsson A, Liddle C, Mode A, Rudling M, Bjorkhem I, Einarsson C; ''Bile acid synthesis in primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes.''; Hepatology, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  303. Pikuleva IA, Puchkaev A, Björkhem I; ''Putative helix F contributes to regioselectivity of hydroxylation in mitochondrial cytochrome P450 27A1.''; Biochemistry, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  304. Abello N, Kerstjens HA, Postma DS, Bischoff R; ''Protein tyrosine nitration: selectivity, physicochemical and biological consequences, denitration, and proteomics methods for the identification of tyrosine-nitrated proteins.''; J Proteome Res, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  305. Eberhardt C, Gray PW, Tjoelker LW; ''Human lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. cDNA cloning, expression, and localization to chromosome 9q34.3.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  306. Wu C, Bates SM; ''Should D-dimer testing be used to predict the risk of recurrence after discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy for a first unprovoked episode of venous thromboembolism?''; Pol Arch Med Wewn, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  307. Holleran WM, Williams ML, Gao WN, Elias PM; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  308. Lucock M; ''Folic acid: nutritional biochemistry, molecular biology, and role in disease processes.''; Mol Genet Metab, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  309. Giera M, Renard D, Plössl F, Bracher F; ''Lathosterol side chain amides: a new class of human lathosterol oxidase inhibitors.''; Steroids, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  310. Bohnenkamp HR, Papazisis KT, Burchell JM, Taylor-Papadimitriou J; ''Synergism of Toll-like receptor-induced interleukin-12p70 secretion by monocyte-derived dendritic cells is mediated through p38 MAPK and lowers the threshold of T-helper cell type 1 responses.''; Cell Immunol, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  311. Yang P, Chan D, Felix E, Cartwright C, Menter DG, Madden T, Klein RD, Fischer SM, Newman RA; ''Formation and antiproliferative effect of prostaglandin E(3) from eicosapentaenoic acid in human lung cancer cells.''; J Lipid Res, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  312. Bjørke Monsen AL, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Guttormsen AB, Markestad T, Solheim E, Refsum H; ''Determinants of cobalamin status in newborns.''; Pediatrics, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  313. Johnson KR, Johnson KY, Becker KP, Bielawski J, Mao C, Obeid LM; ''Role of human sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 in the regulation of intra- and extracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and cell viability.''; J Biol Chem, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  314. Singh S, Madzelan P, Banerjee R; ''Properties of an unusual heme cofactor in PLP-dependent cystathionine beta-synthase.''; Nat Prod Rep, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  315. Kilpatrick L, Johnson JL, Nickbarg EB, Wang ZM, Clifford TF, Banach M, Cooperman BS, Douglas SD, Rubin H; ''Inhibition of human neutrophil superoxide generation by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin.''; J Immunol, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  316. Bills TK, Smith JB, Silver MJ; ''Selective release of archidonic acid from the phospholipids of human platelets in response to thrombin.''; J Clin Invest, 1977 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  317. Guzik TJ, Korbut R, Adamek-Guzik T.; ''Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation.''; J Physiol Pharmacol., 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  318. Paz K, Hemi R, LeRoith D, Karasik A, Elhanany E, Kanety H, Zick Y; ''A molecular basis for insulin resistance. Elevated serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 inhibits their binding to the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor and impairs their ability to undergo insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  319. Lund EG, Kerr TA, Sakai J, Li WP, Russell DW; ''cDNA cloning of mouse and human cholesterol 25-hydroxylases, polytopic membrane proteins that synthesize a potent oxysterol regulator of lipid metabolism.''; J Biol Chem, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  320. Herbert V; ''Vitamin B-12: plant sources, requirements, and assay.''; Am J Clin Nutr, 1988 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  321. Chen D, Zhang XY, Shi Y; ''Identification and functional characterization of hCLS1, a human cardiolipin synthase localized in mitochondria.''; Biochem J, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  322. Ghosh J, Myers CE; ''Inhibition of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase triggers massive apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  323. Glickman JF, Schmid A; ''Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase: real-time kinetics and inhibition by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates in a scintillation assay.''; Assay Drug Dev Technol, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  324. Izzo AA, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, Marini P, Cristino L, Petrosino S, Di Marzo V; ''Basal and Fasting/Refeeding-regulated Tissue Levels of Endogenous PPAR-alpha Ligands in Zucker Rats.''; Obesity (Silver Spring), 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  325. Ogawa H, Gomi T, Fujioka M; ''Serine hydroxymethyltransferase and threonine aldolase: are they identical?''; Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  326. Cao S, Zhang X, Edwards JP, Mosser DM; ''NF-kappaB1 (p50) homodimers differentially regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages.''; J Biol Chem, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  327. Hansel A, Heinemann SH, Hoshi T; ''Heterogeneity and function of mammalian MSRs: enzymes for repair, protection and regulation.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  328. Schaap D, de Widt J, van der Wal J, Vandekerckhove J, van Damme J, Gussow D, Ploegh HL, van Blitterswijk WJ, van der Bend RL; ''Purification, cDNA-cloning and expression of human diacylglycerol kinase.''; FEBS Lett, 1990 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
134132view12:12, 30 June 2024EgonwMarked the "From intracellular part to the plasma" interactions as mim-translocation
121696view03:31, 26 February 2022EweitzFix gene symbol
120904view14:08, 29 January 2022EgonwReplaced an old HMDB identifier with the current one
120275view13:13, 23 November 2021EgonwRemoved duplicate reference data
118404view14:12, 27 May 2021Marvin M2empty refs removed, 1 pubmed Id added
117725view12:34, 22 May 2021EweitzModified title
107123view14:20, 17 September 2019MaintBotChEBI identifier normalization
106422view22:01, 28 August 2019KhanspersModified description
106179view12:07, 16 August 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
105599view04:49, 10 August 2019KhanspersModified description
105139view15:21, 10 July 2019DeSlUpdated Fibrinogen as complex with 3 subunits, changed fibrin datanode type from protein to metabolite.
104839view14:22, 20 June 2019Fehrhartfixed an interaction NADPH - anchor
104837view14:16, 20 June 2019Fehrhart
101939view06:14, 19 November 2018EgonwReplaced Wikipedia with Wikidata identifiers.
98245view14:17, 14 August 2018EgonwReplace a PubChem SID with a Wikidata ID (which has more links out).
97550view14:45, 24 May 2018Youssefwalid
97549view14:44, 24 May 2018YoussefwalidNOS ID mapping to Uniprot
96337view15:34, 8 March 2018Mkutmonremove old WP category
96279view08:20, 5 March 2018EgonwConverted interactions to regular arrows, which were not mim:conversions.
95971view09:23, 11 February 2018EgonwIt had the PubChem CID from the start, but that entry is not the protein fibrin, but a small compound. I now took the Wikidata entry matching the proper Wikipedia page.
95130view16:06, 16 November 2017Fehrhartconnecting unconnected connections
95129view16:03, 16 November 2017Fehrhartconnecting unconnected lines
93690view15:08, 9 August 2017DeSlModified description
85063view11:25, 10 April 2016EgonwReplaced a Wikipedia ID with a ChEBI ID.
82704view08:49, 23 October 2015EgonwoxLDL has a separate identifier.
79883view12:32, 23 April 2015Mkutmonremoved redundant publication xref (pubmed: 12831960)
79877view11:39, 23 April 2015Mkutmonuse labels and graphical lines in the legend
74202view07:11, 5 April 2014EgonwReplaced "Other" data sources with nothing and with Wikipedia.
74096view13:37, 29 March 2014EgonwFibrin from PubChem is a metabolite.
72364view09:11, 13 November 2013EgonwWhere WP identifiers were given as comment and Wikipedia already listed as DataSource, I fixed the identifier.
71710view20:02, 17 October 2013MaintBotremoved data source from nodes without identifier
70465view11:12, 5 August 2013EgonwLinked to the WP page.
70111view19:07, 12 July 2013MaintBotupdated to 2013 schema
68034view10:41, 29 June 2013EgonwMore char encoding fixes in references.
68033view10:26, 29 June 2013EgonwFixed char encoding issues in references.
68032view10:04, 29 June 2013EgonwFixed EC number data source.
68030view09:57, 29 June 2013EgonwFixed an char encoding issue in a reference.
60226view20:06, 14 March 2013EgonwRemoved more escape codes in PubChem-substance identifier, and replaced one with a PubChem-compound ID.
60225view20:03, 14 March 2013EgonwRemoved escape code.
57622view20:18, 30 January 2013EgonwFibrin PubChem references are PubChem-compound.
56291view16:08, 5 January 2013EgonwFixed fibrin node data type from protein to metabolite.
54695view12:27, 7 December 2012Andra
54694view12:17, 7 December 2012AndraSpecify description
49543view10:10, 20 July 2012AndraWp tidy
49538view09:38, 20 July 2012AndraCorrected error in identifier
48247view06:19, 17 May 2012MaintBotUpdating PubChem xrefs
45271view18:50, 7 October 2011AlexanderPicoOntology Term : 'pathway of folate cycle/metabolism' added !
41127view23:37, 1 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
39753view06:58, 17 January 2011AlexanderPicomore specific title
36515view12:55, 29 March 2010Damarizohdg

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
1-MethylnicotinamideMetaboliteHMDB00699 (HMDB)
1-methylnicotinamideMetaboliteHMDB00699 (HMDB)
15-HETEMetaboliteHMDB02218 (HMDB)
2-Ketobutyric acidMetaboliteHMDB00005 (HMDB)
5,10-METHYL-THFMetaboliteHMDB01396 (HMDB)
5-HPETEMetaboliteHMDB01193 (HMDB)
AA (n-6)MetaboliteHMDB01043 (HMDB)
ALA (n-3)MetaboliteHMDB01388 (HMDB)
Adipic acid MetaboliteHMDB00448 (HMDB)
Adipic acidMetaboliteHMDB00448 (HMDB)
Ascorbic acidMetaboliteHMDB00044 (HMDB)
BUnknown
BetaineMetaboliteHMDB00043 (HMDB)
C22:5 (n-6)MetaboliteHMDB01976 (HMDB)
CBSProtein875 (Entrez Gene)
CNUnknown
COX1Protein4512 (Entrez Gene)
COX2Protein4513 (Entrez Gene)
CalciumMetaboliteHMDB00464 (HMDB)
CarnitineMetaboliteHMDB00062 (HMDB)
CatalaseProtein847 (Entrez Gene)
CholineMetaboliteHMDB00097 (HMDB)
CobalaminMetaboliteHMDB02174 (HMDB)
CopperMetaboliteHMDB00657 (HMDB)
CystathioneMetaboliteHMDB00099 (HMDB)
CysteineMetaboliteHMDB00574 (HMDB)
DHA (n-3)MetaboliteHMDB02183 (HMDB)
EPA (n-3)MetaboliteHMDB01999 (HMDB)
EndoperoxidaseProtein
EthanolamineMetaboliteHMDB00149 (HMDB)
F2-IsoprostaneMetaboliteHMDB04659 (HMDB)
FADMetabolite703 (PubChem)
FMN1Metabolite342184 (Entrez Gene)
FOLIC ACIDMetaboliteHMDB00121 (HMDB)
GPX 1Protein2876 (Entrez Gene)
GPX 2Protein2877 (Entrez Gene)
GPX 3 Protein2878 (Entrez Gene)
GPX 4Protein2879 (Entrez Gene)
GPX 6Protein257202 (Entrez Gene)
GSHRProteinENSG00000104687 (Ensembl Human) Type your comment here
Glutathione disulfideMetabolite65359 (PubChem) Type your comment here
GlutathioneMetaboliteHMDB00125 (HMDB)
GlycineMetaboliteHMDB00123 (HMDB)
H2O2MetaboliteHMDB03125 (HMDB)
H2OMetaboliteHMDB02111 (HMDB)
HemeMetaboliteHMDB03178 (HMDB)
HomocysteineMetabolite
HomocysteineMetaboliteHMDB00742 (HMDB)
HypoxanthineMetaboliteHMDB00157 (HMDB)
IEUnknown
IronMetaboliteHMDB00692 (HMDB)
KMOProtein8564 (Entrez Gene)
L-Glutamic acidMetaboliteHMDB00148 (HMDB)
L-MethionineMetaboliteHMDB00696 (HMDB)
LA (n-6)MetaboliteHMDB00673 (HMDB)
LOX5Protein240 (Entrez Gene)
Leukotriene A4MetaboliteHMDB01337 (HMDB)
Leukotriene B4MetaboliteHMDB01085 (HMDB)
Leukotriene C4MetaboliteHMDB01198 (HMDB)
Leukotriene D4MetaboliteHMDB03080 (HMDB)
Leukotriene F4Metabolite
LeukotrieneE4MetaboliteHMDB02200 (HMDB)
Lipoic acidMetaboliteHMDB01451 (HMDB)
Lipoxin A4MetaboliteHMDB04385 (HMDB)
Lipoxin B4MetaboliteHMDB05082 (HMDB)
METHProtein4548 (Entrez Gene)
MTHFRProtein4524 (Entrez Gene)
ManganeseMetaboliteHMDB01333 (HMDB)
Methionine sulfoxideMetaboliteHMDB02005 (HMDB)
MethionineMetaboliteHMDB00696 (HMDB)
Methylmalonic acid MetaboliteHMDB00202 (HMDB)
Methylmalonic acidMetaboliteHMDB00202 (HMDB)
NADPHMetaboliteHMDB00221 (HMDB)
NADPMetaboliteHMDB00217 (HMDB)
NiacinMetaboliteHMDB01406 (HMDB)
NicotinamideMetabolite7847104 (PubChem)
O2MetaboliteHMDB01377 (HMDB)
PGD2MetaboliteHMDB01403 (HMDB)
PGDSProtein5730 (Entrez Gene)
PGE2Metabolite
PGE3MetaboliteHMDB02664 (HMDB)
PGF2aMetaboliteHMDB01139 (HMDB)
PGFSProteinEC 1.1.1.188
PGG2MetaboliteHMDB03235 (HMDB)
PGG3Metabolite
PGH2MetaboliteHMDB01381 (HMDB)
PGH3Metabolite
PGI2Metabolite
PGI2MetaboliteHMDB01335 (HMDB)
PGISProtein5740 (Entrez Gene)
PNPOProtein55163 (Entrez Gene)
PTGESProtein9536 (Entrez Gene)
Pyrodoxal-5'-phosphateMetaboliteHMDB01491 (HMDB)
ROSMetabolitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species
RiboflavinMetaboliteHMDB00244 (HMDB) Type your comment here
S-Adenosylhomocysteine MetaboliteHMDB00939 (HMDB)
S-Adenosylmethionine MetaboliteHMDB01185 (HMDB)
S-AdenosylmethionineMetaboliteHMDB01185 (HMDB)
SELKProtein58515 (Entrez Gene)
SELRProtein51734 (Entrez Gene)
SELWProtein6415 (Entrez Gene)
SODProtein6647 (Entrez Gene)
SeleniumMetaboliteHMDB01349 (HMDB)
SerineMetaboliteHMDB00187 (HMDB)
TUnknown6862 (Entrez Gene)
THASProtein6916 (GenBank)
TRXR 1Protein7296 (Entrez Gene)
TRXR 2Protein10587 (Entrez Gene)
TRXR 3Protein114112 (Entrez Gene)
TTUnknown
ThioredoxinMetabolite7295 (Entrez Gene)
Thromboxane A2MetaboliteHMDB01452 (HMDB)
Thromboxane B2MetaboliteHMDB03252 (HMDB)
TranscobalaminProtein6947 (Entrez Gene)
Tromboxane A2MetaboliteHMDB01452 (HMDB)
TryptophanMetaboliteHMDB00929 (HMDB)
Uric acidMetaboliteHMDB00289 (HMDB)
Vitamin B12MetaboliteHMDB00607 (HMDB)
XDHProtein7498 (Entrez Gene)
XanthineMetaboliteHMDB00292 (HMDB)
ZincMetaboliteHMDB01303 (HMDB)
a TocopherolMetaboliteHMDB01893 (HMDB)
a-tocopherolMetaboliteHMDB01893 (HMDB)
d4 desaturaseProtein
d5 desaturaseProtein3992 (GenBank)
d6 desaturaseProtein9415 (Entrez Gene)
iPF2-alphaMetaboliteHMDB04659 (HMDB)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

Personal tools