Anti-inflammatory response favouring Leishmania parasite infection (Homo sapiens)

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415, 31, 42, 62, 7220, 65, 68, 877092, 24, 35, 71177, 22, 401, 47, 48, 8218, 33, 9526, 30, 59, 6328, 64, 866711, 44, 49, 50, 56...6, 6738, 44, 46, 75, 8423, 39, 57, 7614, 29, 36, 37, 7443, 553, 5, 27, 54, 77...31, 52, 7225, 5113931, 52, 721018, 33, 9578, 9322, 5825, 51, 8841, 8089, 92, 944516, 33, 90347312, 32, 53, 60, 79...cytosolendoplasmic reticulum lumenT-cellnucleoplasmLeishmania parasiteMacrophageGolgi lumennucleoplasmendoplasmic reticulum lumencytosolcytosolGNB1 ADPIg heavy chain V-I region EU IGLV(23-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB GPHA2 IGLV5-45(1-?) IGKV2D-30 G alpha(s):GTP:AdenylatecyclaseIGKV1-12 Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes IGLV4-60(1-?) IGHG3 IGLV1-44(1-?) IGLV10-54(1-?) GNG4 Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Ig kappa chain V-I region AG IGKVA18(21-?) Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau IGLV4-69(1-?) IGLC2 Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR IGHV7-81(1-?) ADAM17Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH NPS PI(3,4,5)P3Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT FCGR3A IL6 gene RLN3(26-52) IGHV1-2 Adenylate cyclase(Mg2+ cofactor)IGKV4-1(21-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO Antigen Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum ADCY8 Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT PGE2 ADCY3 IGHV1-2 IGHG4 GIP(52-93) CYSLTR1 FCGR3A ArgN-GCG(98-127) IGLV2-23(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE Ig lambda chain V region 4A ITPR3 Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI IGHV(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region AG IGHV1-2 IGLC1 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern IGLV(23-?) IGLC2 IGLV1-36(1-?) IGKV1-5(23-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region AU GNB2 Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 TAAR9 Ig kappa chain V region EV15 ADCY1 Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi IGLV3-25(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR IGLV3-22(1-?) Ig lambda chain V region 4A p-S133-CREB1:IL10geneLma amastigote surface Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi IGHG2 IGLV1-44(1-?) IGKV1-5(23-?) ADCY6 IGLV2-11(1-?) ADCY1 PRKACG IGLV4-60(1-?) ADCY6 Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO GNAS1 PRKACA,(PRKACB,PRKACG,PRKX)TAAR3 IGHG2 FCGR3A p-Y160,Y171-CD3G Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 Ig kappa chain V-III region POM IGLV1-40(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM IGKV3D-20 Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT IGKV2D-30 IGHG3 IGLV1-44(1-?) IGHG3 IGLV10-54(1-?) G-protein alpha(i):GTP:AdenylatecyclaseGNB3 ADCY5 LYN IGLC7 ADORA2B NAD+ p-S133-CREB1Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN IGLC7 IGLV7-43(1-?) LTC4 IL10 gene Ig kappa chain V-III region POM IGHG1 p-T180,Y182-MAPK14 IGKC IGLV3-22(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH IGLV7-43(1-?) CALM1 IGLC2 IGLV10-54(1-?) IGKV1-5(23-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE IGLV3-25(1-?) IGLV2-23(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC IGLC6 IGLC1 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau IGLV11-55(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE p-PLCGGGT1(1-380) Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB ATPIg lambda chain V-II region TOG POMC(138-150) Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC GNG12 IGLV2-33(1-?) GNAS1 GNG10 TAAR8 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO p-Y160,Y171-CD3G Ig heavy chain V-III region JON PLCG2 Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW DPEP2 PKA tetramerGNAS1 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum IGLV5-37(1-?) GNB3 IGLC7 Ig lambda chain V-I region HA GNG2 Ig heavy chain V-II region OU Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR IGHV7-81(1-?) IGLV8-61(1-?) PRKACB IGLV3-16(1-?) IGHG3 IGLV4-60(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern IGLV7-46(1-?) DCA IGHG3 PRKAR2B Ig heavy chain V-I region EU ADCY2 Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 Ig kappa chain V-III region VG IGKV3D-20 MYH9 IGLV11-55(1-?) GTP Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA GNG12 IGLC3 CYSLTR1 MC4R IGLV3-12(1-?) GLP-1 (7-37) IgG:LPG1G2Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR IGLV3-16(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO IGKV2-28 IGKV4-1(21-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region OU Ig heavy chain V-I region EU Ig kappa chain V-III region VG IGLV11-55(1-?) ADCY8 RXFP2 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern IGLC7 CRHR2 Ig kappa chain V region EV15 IGLC6 Constitutively active orphan GPCRs IL6Zn2+ HCK Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal ADORA2B Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 IGLV10-54(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG IGLV5-37(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG IGLV3-16(1-?) IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor Ig lambda chain V-III region SH Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE GNB5 PRKACG Ig kappa chain V-I region AU LPG1G2IGLV2-33(1-?) GNAS2 IGLV7-43(1-?) p-Y160,Y171-CD3G IGLV1-40(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi IGLV3-16(1-?) ADCY6 Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO IGLV4-60(1-?) IGLV2-11(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 IGLV2-11(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI IGLV11-55(1-?) IGLV3-12(1-?) IGKV4-1(21-?) IGLV3-22(1-?) IGLV4-3(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH GGT5(388-586) IGLV2-18(1-?) GNAZ Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern GNG13 Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE IGKV2D-30 PTGER2 IGLV7-46(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW TAAR5 VIPR1 Ig lambda chain V-I region HA p-6Y-CD247 IGHG4 IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor IGLV4-69(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR IGLC6 ADCY1 IGLV7-43(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI IGKC IGKV3D-20 Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL IGKVA18(21-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region FR Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 AVPR2 Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL HTR6 IGHG2 Ig kappa chain V region EV15 Lma amastigotesurfaceADCY7 Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 IGLV3-12(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-III region SH IGKC IGLV3-25(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM FCGR3A Ig heavy chain V-III region JON Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH ATPIGLV5-45(1-?) ADORA2B Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH IGLV4-69(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE IGLV7-43(1-?) FGR RAMP3 RLN2(25-53) IGLV1-36(1-?) IGLV4-3(1-?) IGLV1-40(1-?) GPBAR1 Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI IGLV3-25(1-?) CD3G IGKV4-1(21-?) IGLV8-61(1-?) PLCG1 IGLV2-18(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN LPG1G2 Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI GNG10 IGLC1 DA Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi IGKV1-12 Ade-Rib PLCG2 IL10DPEP1,2,3 dimersNAd Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI Ig lambda chain V-I region HA LHB Ca2+IGKV2-28 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern LPG1G2 GNAS2 Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 GNB2 GGT1 dimerIg lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi ADCY9 IGHV1-2 PRKAR2A Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA CD247-1 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO PTHLH DRD5 PRKACG IP3 receptorhomotetramerITPR2 IGKC DAGsIGLV4-3(1-?) TSHR Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE POMC(217-234) IGLC3 Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM PRKAR1A Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 IGHV7-81(1-?) ADCY3 IGHG4 FCGR3A CALCA(83-119) LPG1G2 Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 IGLV7-43(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region HA IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor IGLV4-3(1-?) L-GluIg heavy chain V-III region DOB IGKV3D-20 IGLV11-55(1-?) G-betagammaIGLV3-12(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW ADCY3 Ig lambda chain V-III region SH Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH ADCY9 Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG IGLV2-23(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 PRKAR2A Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 GNB1 IGLV5-37(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region FR Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM GNG12 GNG4 ADCY4 Ig lambda chain V-I region HA Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil IGHV(1-?) GNG8 IGHG1 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau Ig heavy chain V-III region JON Ig heavy chain V-I region EU IGLV4-69(1-?) cAMP:PKA regulatorysubunitIg kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 IGHG4 GNG11 IGLV2-18(1-?) IGLV7-46(1-?) IGLC7 G alpha (s):GTPIg lambda chain V-I region VOR Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum IGLV3-22(1-?) IGLV5-45(1-?) IGKV2-28 IGLV5-45(1-?) IgG:Leishmaniasurface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGIg kappa chain V region EV15 Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE IGLV4-3(1-?) CD3G Ig heavy chain V-II region OU IGHG3 IGLV1-44(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 PTH2(62-100) Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI IGLV3-27(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum IGLV3-25(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW IGHV1-2 Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM GNG7 SCT IGLV2-33(1-?) ADAM17(1-214)FCGR3A Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM Ig lambda chain V-I region HA cAMP Ig kappa chain V-II region FR GDP Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal Ig kappa chain V-I region AG Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 Ig kappa chain V-III region POM Ligand:GPCRcomplexes thatactivateGs:HeterotrimericG-protein Gs(inactive)Ig kappa chain V-III region POM Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI PRKAR1A IGHV7-81(1-?) IGLC6 GNG11 IGLV2-18(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR Ig lambda chain V region 4A Ig lambda chain V region 4A IGLV7-43(1-?) IGKVA18(21-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE Zn2+ IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor GNGT2 IGLV7-46(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI IGKC Ca2+IGLV2-33(1-?) RAMP2 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil cAMPIGLV2-23(1-?) IGLV1-36(1-?) PTGIR IGLV10-54(1-?) IGLV7-46(1-?) Mg2+ Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW IGLV4-3(1-?) p-Y160,Y171-CD3G Ig lambda chain V region 4A GNG13 DRD1 ADORA2A IGLV7-46(1-?) IGLV2-11(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN IGLV3-27(1-?) GNG11 GNB1 FCGR3A Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig lambda chain V-III region SH IGKV1-12 PGD2 Ig lambda chain V-III region SH Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI IGHV1-2 IGLV7-46(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal IGLV1-40(1-?) GNG11 Ig kappa chain V region EV15 Ig lambda chain V-I region HA Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern IGKV1-5(23-?) IGLC3 Ig heavy chain V-I region EU PRKAR2B IGLV8-61(1-?) IGLV5-45(1-?) TAAR2 Lma amastigote surface CDCA Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH IGLV4-69(1-?) GNG8 Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM Ig lambda chain V-III region SH IGHG2 GGT1, 5 dimersATPIg lambda chain V-I region HA IGLC2 IGLV2-33(1-?) GNAI2 Ig kappa chain V-II region FR Ig heavy chain V-II region OU Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPADM(95-146) IGKV1-5(23-?) IGKV4-1(21-?) IGKV2D-30 IgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKIg heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 ADAM17(215-827) IGKVA18(21-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM Src family kinases(SFKs)IGLC3 IGLV1-40(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region VG IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil PLCG1 PRKACB I(1,4,5)P3 GNGT1 IGLV5-37(1-?) IGLV3-27(1-?) Lma amastigote surface Ig kappa chain V-III region POM Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT Ig heavy chain V-II region OU IGLV3-16(1-?) IGLV5-45(1-?) IGLV3-27(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO IGKV3D-20 Ig lambda chain V region 4A ITPR1 IGLV10-54(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region POM IGLV2-33(1-?) IGLV1-44(1-?) CGA IGLV2-33(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region JON HRH2 FURINIg kappa chain V-III region POM GCG(53-81) GNG12 Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 IGLV2-23(1-?) IGLV2-33(1-?) IGLV3-12(1-?) SCTR IGLV2-33(1-?) IGLC3 Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE IGLV2-18(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region AG IGLV1-36(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM IGKV1-12 IGLV2-23(1-?) IGLV7-46(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM GNB4 ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+IGLV2-23(1-?) IGLV2-33(1-?) PTGDR Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA IGLV3-16(1-?) IGLV(23-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO IGKC Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC Ig heavy chain V-III region JON IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE ATPIg heavy chain V-III region CAM Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT PRKAR1B FCGRIIIA:CD3G/CD3ZdimersIGLV11-55(1-?) IGLC2 GLP1R Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR LPG1G2 GNB2 Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI Ig lambda chain V-III region SH IGHG4 Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM IGLV2-18(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-I region EU IGLV10-54(1-?) IGKV1-12 ADCY5 Mg2+ IGLV4-60(1-?) IGHG4 Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW GNGT1 Ig lambda chain V region 4A IGKVA18(21-?) IGLV4-3(1-?) IGLV8-61(1-?) IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor clusteredIgG-Ag:p-FCGRs:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGADCY3 Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA NPSR1 Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal IGLC3 Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI IGLV7-43(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG Ig kappa chain V-I region AU Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 IGLV5-45(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI IGLC6 ITPR2 Ig lambda chain V region 4A IGHG3 Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal PGI2 GDPIGLV(23-?) ADR IGHG1 GNAT3 Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM Ade-RibsCD163 IGLV4-60(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO IGLV3-27(1-?) IGKV1-12 ADCY7 LCHA IGLC3 Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL CRHR1 Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 CALCA(83-119) POMC(138-176) Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR IGKC Zn2+ IGLV4-69(1-?) IGLV3-16(1-?) GNAS1 GGT1(381-569) ADCY7 sCD163IGHV7-81(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region AG Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR FSHB Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 GNG7 GTPGNAS2 G-protein alpha(z):GTP:AdenylatecyclaseIGLV4-69(1-?) ATPATP Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT IGLV1-36(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR IGLV2-23(1-?) iRHOM2Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI IGKV3D-20 IGLV1-40(1-?) IGHV(1-?) PRKACG GNG13 Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC IGHG1 CALCR CD247-1 Ig kappa chain V-III region VG ADCYAP1R1 Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR GNAS2 IGKC IGHV(1-?) I(1,4,5)P3IGLV5-45(1-?) IGHV1-2 IGLV3-25(1-?) GNAS2 IGHG2 IGLV7-43(1-?) IgGIg kappa chain V-I region AG LTD4IGLV4-60(1-?) IGLV2-18(1-?) GNG8 Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau IGLV2-18(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI IGLV8-61(1-?) GNGT1 IGKV1-12 Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 IGLV3-12(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region VG Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 p-6Y-CD247 PRKACB IGHV7-81(1-?) Lma amastigote surface Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO IGLC3 PEA ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3tetramerIGKV4-1(21-?) RLN2(162-185) PLC gamma1,2Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO ADORA2B:Ade-RibIg lambda chain V-I region VOR IGKV2D-30 IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor IGLV11-55(1-?) IGLV3-27(1-?) IGLV(23-?) IGLV7-46(1-?) GNG13 PLK2 IGLC6 Ig kappa chain V-I region AU IGHG3 IGLC1 IGHG1 ADRB3 Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL IGLV4-3(1-?) IGKV1-5(23-?) Zn2+ IGLC1 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO IGHV(1-?) GNG7 IGHV7-81(1-?) ATPRAMP1 PRKAR1B Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern GNG13 GNG2 IGLV3-25(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB Ig lambda chain V-III region SH Ig heavy chain V-III region JON ATPADCY4 GCG(146-178) Ig kappa chain V-III region VG Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW GNB1 GNG2 GNB4 IGLV3-12(1-?) Ig kappa chain V region EV15 IGLV3-25(1-?) glucocorticoid GNG2 Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum GNGT2 PRKACA Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR P2RY11 IGLV4-69(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region VG ADPPTH2R GDP ADORA2BGNG4 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau Ig lambda chain V region 4A Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR ADCY4 Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM IGHG3 ADCY1 IGLV7-46(1-?) ADCYAP1(132-158) GNB3 Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal p-6Y-CD247 IGLC6 p-S133-CREB1 Ig heavy chain V-II region OU FCGR3A IGHG1 Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM IGKVA18(21-?) PRKAR2B GNG5 IGLC7 PRKACG IGHV7-81(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal ADCY4 IgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:CD3dimersGlyIg lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH Ig kappa chain V-I region AG IGLV4-69(1-?) IGKV1-5(23-?) IGKV4-1(21-?) ADCY5 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH ADAM17(215-827) p-4Y-PLCG1 Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig heavy chain V-III region JON IGKV1-5(23-?) Zn2+ADPCREB1I(1,4,5)P3 Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT IGLC2 IGLV2-18(1-?) ADCY9 IGKV3D-20 IGKVA18(21-?) IGLV2-11(1-?) H2OIGLV2-11(1-?) AHCYL1:NAD+:ITPR1:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerIGLV8-61(1-?) Glucocorticoid, IL6,IL10Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 AVP(20-28) GNG10 DPEP3 Zn2+ Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL GNAI1 IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor ADRB1 IGLV3-12(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC IGKV4-1(21-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR ADCY9 Ig kappa chain V-II region FR GNB1 IGLV(23-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region AU Ig kappa chain V-III region POM PPip-6Y-CD247 Ig kappa chain V region EV15 p-6Y-SYK GGT1(381-569) Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO ITPR1 IGHG1 Ig lambda chain V-I region HA CALM1PLCG1 IGHV7-81(1-?) IGKV4-1(21-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 IGLC3 H2OAHCYL1 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil GNGT2 VIP(125-152) Protein Kinase A,catalytic subunitsRLN3(119-142) Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 IgG:Leishmaniasurface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGCD163Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC ADAM17(215-827) Ade-Rib Ig heavy chain V-III region JON IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor PPiIGHG1 Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 Ig kappa chain V-I region AU p-S133-CREB1:IL6geneGNG3 IGKV1-5(23-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA IGLV1-36(1-?) LHCGR IGKV2D-30 IGKV1-12 Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 IGKV2D-30 GNB3 IgG:Lma amastigotesurfaceIg lambda chain V-II region MGC GNGT1 GNG3 IGHG2 Ig kappa chain V region EV15 Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 IGLV(23-?) IGLV3-22(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region JON MYH9Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum GNB5 GNAI3 GNG8 PTH Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE Ig heavy chain V-II region OU LPG1G2 ADCYAP1(132-169) p-6Y-CD247 Ig kappa chain V-I region AU Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern PTH1R Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE Ig heavy chain V-I region EU Ig kappa chain V region EV15 GNAS2 GHRHR IGLC6 GTP IGKV1-12 Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR IGHV(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig lambda chain V-III region SH ADCY7 DPEP1 IGLV10-54(1-?) ADCY7 IGHG3 Ig kappa chain V-III region VG Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 Ig kappa chain V-III region VG IGLV3-16(1-?) Mg2+ TSHB PRKAR1A IGHV1-2 Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL IGLV11-55(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT ADCY1 IGKV2D-30 IGLV5-37(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-I region EU Ig lambda chain V-I region HA Ig kappa chain V-I region AG PKA tetramer:4xcAMPIg heavy chain V-III region JON H2OIg kappa chain V-II region FR Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE IGLV8-61(1-?) IGKVA18(21-?) Hist Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi HeterotrimericG-protein Gs(inactive)cAMP Ig heavy chain V-III region JON IGLV(23-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG p-S133-CREB1 Ig kappa chain V-I region AU ADM2(19-153) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW GNG10 IGLV3-16(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes ADCY6 Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPIg kappa chain V-I region AG GNB5 Ig kappa chain V-III region VG GNB2 p-6Y-SYK Ig heavy chain V-II region OU IGLV4-69(1-?) Ca2+ Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN CYSLTR2 Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum IGLV4-60(1-?) IGLV3-16(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL CYSLTR1,CYSLTR2IGLC6 IGHG1 TAAR6 ADCY3 IGKVA18(21-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum ADORA2B Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig kappa chain V-I region AU GHRH Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW IGLV3-12(1-?) GNG5 IGLV1-40(1-?) PRKACA Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 IGLV3-12(1-?) IGLV3-25(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal CYSLTR2 Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM IGLV1-44(1-?) IGLV3-22(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE Ig heavy chain V-II region OU Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern ITPR2 ADCY4 IGLC7 Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN VIPR2 IL6 Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI Zn2+ p-Y753,Y759,Y1217-PLCG2 Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB GNB5 IGHG2 MC1R PRKAR1B Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB IGLC1 IGLV4-60(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi INSL3(21-55) Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL IL6 geneIg kappa chain V-I region BAN IgG:Lma antigensIGLV8-61(1-?) IGHV1-2 IGHG3 GIPR GNG11 Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC IGHG2 IGLV1-40(1-?) SYKIg lambda chain V region 4A CALM1:4xCa2+Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau IGLV8-61(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 p-Y753,Y759,Y1217-PLCG2 GNAS1 Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil ADCY5 IGLV3-25(1-?) IGLC1 IGKV2-28 Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH Ig kappa chain V-II region FR Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM IGLV2-33(1-?) IGLV2-11(1-?) SRC-1 IGKV1-5(23-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI IGLC1 IL10 geneIGLV1-44(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM IGLV8-61(1-?) GNB5 IGLV5-45(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 IGHG2 Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA CYSLTR1,2 Ig kappa chain V-II region FR IGKV2-28 IGKV3D-20 Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal GNB4 Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH IGLC1 p-6Y-SYK IGLC1 GPR39 IGLV1-44(1-?) IGKV4-1(21-?) IGLV1-40(1-?) GPHB5 IGHV7-81(1-?) IGLC2 Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT Lma amastigote surface IGLV3-25(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau IGLV3-22(1-?) MC5R CALCB(82-118) IGLV3-27(1-?) IGKV2D-30 RXFP1 GNB4 IGHG4 ADCY2 p-Y160,Y171-CD3G GNG8 IGHV(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 Ade-Rib Ig kappa chain V-II region FR GNB3 Ig kappa chain V-III region POM IGHG4 IgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKIGKV1-5(23-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM p-6Y-SYK Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR CD163 genePTGER4 ITPR3 Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI PRKACB IGLC2 FCGR1A IGKV2-28 IGHV(1-?) IGLV3-22(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-III region SH IGLV(23-?) IGLC6 IGKV2D-30 Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM IGLV5-37(1-?) IGKV3D-20 IGHV1-2 Ig kappa chain V-II region FR Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE GNG3 p-Y288,Y304-FCGR2A IGLV3-22(1-?) CD163(1051-1156)IGKVA18(21-?) G-protein beta-gammacomplexIg heavy chain V-I region HG3 Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO IGLV3-27(1-?) PKA catalyticsubunitADCYAP1(82-129) IGLV2-23(1-?) PRKACB IGLV7-46(1-?) ADCY8 IGLV4-60(1-?) ADAM17(215-827)IGLV3-12(1-?) PLCG2 IGLV3-27(1-?) ADPGGT5(1-387) PRKACA Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal Ig heavy chain V-I region EU Ig kappa chain V-I region AU Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM IgG:Lmaantigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersIGLV5-37(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG Lma amastigote surface IGKC ADCY5 IGLV1-36(1-?) IGKC Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE IGHV(1-?) IGLV(23-?) GDP GNG4 IL10 Ig kappa chain V-I region AG IGLV2-11(1-?) IGLV3-22(1-?) IGLV2-11(1-?) PLK2, MAPK14POMC(77-87) Ig lambda chain V-III region SH Ig kappa chain V region EV15 GNG3 Ig lambda chain V region 4A IGLV2-23(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 IGLV11-55(1-?) IGLV7-43(1-?) ITPR3 Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+IGLV5-37(1-?) IGLV2-11(1-?) IGKV3D-20 Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB IGLV11-55(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes PRKACA Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR MC3R(1-360) IGKVA18(21-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region POM PRKAR2A ADCY8 GNG10 GTP IGLV2-11(1-?) IGLC2 IGHG1 IGLV3-16(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-II region FR IGLV3-27(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG IGLV5-37(1-?) IGLV10-54(1-?) MC2R ADCY8 ADCY2 IGHV7-81(1-?) IGLV1-40(1-?) CCA Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 Ig heavy chain V-I region EU ADCY6 IGLC7 IGHG1 Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN IGKV2-28 IGLV1-44(1-?) sCD163:MYH9IGLV10-54(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA IGLV4-69(1-?) CALCRL Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC Lma amastigote surface sCD163HTR7 IGLV5-37(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-III region POM IGLV1-40(1-?) IGLC6 Ig kappa chain V-III region VG PI(4,5)P2IGHG4 Ig lambda chain V-I region HA FYN IAPP(34-70) IGLC7 IGLV4-3(1-?) ADCY9 LTC4Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA Lma amastigote surface IGLV(23-?) Ade-Rib Ig heavy chain V-II region OU IGHV1-2 Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 IGKV2-28 IGLV7-43(1-?) IGKV1-12 IGHV(1-?) GNGT1 iRHOM2ITPR1 IGLC2 5HT IGHG4 Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH IGHG4 SYK GTP IGLV4-3(1-?) GNAS1 Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM ADCY2 Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA Ig kappa chain V-I region AU Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE GLP2R IGKV2-28 Mg2+ IGLV8-61(1-?) IGLV5-45(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB PRKACA Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN IGLC3 GNG7 PRKX INSL3(106-131) IGLC7 IGLV5-37(1-?) IGLV4-3(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR Adenylate cyclase(Mg2+ cofactor)CRH IGLV1-36(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO GNG4 IGLV4-60(1-?) IGLC3 Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI IGKV2-28 IGKV3D-20 LPG1G2 IGLV1-36(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT IGLC7 Mg2+ PI(3,4,5)P3 GNG7 IGLC1 Ig heavy chain V-I region EU IGHG2 IGKC GNGT2 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO IGLV5-45(1-?) GNB2 TAAR1 Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL IGLC2 IGLV1-44(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 IGLV3-22(1-?) IGHV(1-?) LPG1G2 GTP GNG5 IGLV10-54(1-?) IGLV1-36(1-?) IGKV2-28 GGT1(1-380) Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil YES1 ADPIg kappa chain V-I region Wes Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM p-6Y-CD247 GNG5 Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI HTR4 Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC GNG2 Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG LTE4IGKV2D-30 Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO ADAM17LPG1G2 LTC4:CyslTR1,2Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 FSHR Ig kappa chain V region EV15 IGLV2-23(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 IGLV1-36(1-?) IGLV2-18(1-?) IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor ADRB2 IGKV4-1(21-?) GNB4 IGKV1-12 Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW IGLV11-55(1-?) Ig heavy chain V-II region OU GNG12 p-Y160,Y171-CD3G IGLV1-44(1-?) Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau ADCY2 Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN IGHG2 Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO GNG3 GNGT2 Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum IGLV3-27(1-?) p-4Y-PLCG1 GNG5 IGLV2-18(1-?) Ig kappa chain V-I region AG 69198616961, 88216169


Description

Macrophages specializing in tissue repair or associated with a Th2-type immune response are more permissive to infection with leishmania, since their defense mechanisms are not very efficient in eliminating the parasite and can contribute to its persistence (Lee et al. 2018). View original pathway at Reactome.

Comments

Reactome-Converter 
Pathway is converted from Reactome ID: 9662851
Reactome-version 
Reactome version: 73
Reactome Author 
Reactome Author: Jassal, Bijay

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Bibliography

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  67. Gonzalez GA, Montminy MR.; ''Cyclic AMP stimulates somatostatin gene transcription by phosphorylation of CREB at serine 133.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  68. Ghazizadeh S, Bolen JB, Fleit HB.; ''Tyrosine phosphorylation and association of Syk with Fc gamma RII in monocytic THP-1 cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  69. Furlong MT, Mahrenholz AM, Kim KH, Ashendel CL, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL.; ''Identification of the major sites of autophosphorylation of the murine protein-tyrosine kinase Syk.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  70. Dusi S, Donini M, Della Bianca V, Rossi F.; ''Tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 2 is involved in the activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by Fc receptors in human neutrophils.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  71. Thomas BN, Buxbaum LU.; ''FcgammaRIII mediates immunoglobulin G-induced interleukin-10 and is required for chronic Leishmania mexicana lesions.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  72. Li X, Li HP, Amsler K, Hyink D, Wilson PD, Burrow CR.; ''PRKX, a phylogenetically and functionally distinct cAMP-dependent protein kinase, activates renal epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  73. Pierce KD, Furlong TJ, Selbie LA, Shine J.; ''Molecular cloning and expression of an adenosine A2b receptor from human brain.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  74. Adrain C, Zettl M, Christova Y, Taylor N, Freeman M.; ''Tumor necrosis factor signaling requires iRhom2 to promote trafficking and activation of TACE.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  75. Srour N, Lebel A, McMahon S, Fournier I, Fugère M, Day R, Dubois CM.; ''TACE/ADAM-17 maturation and activation of sheddase activity require proprotein convertase activity.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  76. Morehead J, Coppens I, Andrews NW.; ''Opsonization modulates Rac-1 activation during cell entry by Leishmania amazonensis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  77. Lee SH, Charmoy M, Romano A, Paun A, Chaves MM, Cope FO, Ralph DA, Sacks DL.; ''Mannose receptor high, M2 dermal macrophages mediate nonhealing Leishmania major infection in a Th1 immune environment.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  78. Agarwal A, Salem P, Robbins KC.; ''Involvement of p72syk, a protein-tyrosine kinase, in Fc gamma receptor signaling.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  79. Dendorfer U, Oettgen P, Libermann TA.; ''Multiple regulatory elements in the interleukin-6 gene mediate induction by prostaglandins, cyclic AMP, and lipopolysaccharide.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  80. Liang Z, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX.; ''Down-regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by over-activated calpain in Alzheimer disease brain.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  81. Adachi H, Kubota I, Okamura N, Iwata H, Tsujimoto M, Nakazato H, Nishihara T, Noguchi T.; ''Purification and characterization of human microsomal dipeptidase.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  82. Lee CW, Lewis RA, Corey EJ, Austen KF.; ''Conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4 by a dipeptidase released from the specific granule of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  83. Sekiya F, Poulin B, Kim YJ, Rhee SG.; ''Mechanism of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1. Tyrosine 783 phosphorylation is not sufficient for lipase activation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  84. SUTHERLAND EW, RALL TW.; ''Fractionation and characterization of a cyclic adenine ribonucleotide formed by tissue particles.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  85. Feldman DS, Zamah AM, Pierce KL, Miller WE, Kelly F, Rapacciuolo A, Rockman HA, Koch WJ, Luttrell LM.; ''Selective inhibition of heterotrimeric Gs signaling. Targeting the receptor-G protein interface using a peptide minigene encoding the Galpha(s) carboxyl terminus.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  86. McIlwain DR, Lang PA, Maretzky T, Hamada K, Ohishi K, Maney SK, Berger T, Murthy A, Duncan G, Xu HC, Lang KS, Häussinger D, Wakeham A, Itie-Youten A, Khokha R, Ohashi PS, Blobel CP, Mak TW.; ''iRhom2 regulation of TACE controls TNF-mediated protection against Listeria and responses to LPS.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  87. Zhang J, Berenstein E, Siraganian RP.; ''Phosphorylation of Tyr342 in the linker region of Syk is critical for Fc epsilon RI signaling in mast cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  88. El-Hillal O, Kurosaki T, Yamamura H, Kinet JP, Scharenberg AM.; ''syk kinase activation by a src kinase-initiated activation loop phosphorylation chain reaction.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  89. Anderson ME, Allison RD, Meister A.; ''Interconversion of leukotrienes catalyzed by purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: concomitant formation of leukotriene D4 and gamma-glutamyl amino acids.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  90. Nagakura A, Takagi N, Takeo S.; ''Impairment of cerebral cAMP-mediated signal transduction system and of spatial memory function after microsphere embolism in rats.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  91. Xu P, Derynck R.; ''Direct activation of TACE-mediated ectodomain shedding by p38 MAP kinase regulates EGF receptor-dependent cell proliferation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  92. Platzer C, Meisel C, Vogt K, Platzer M, Volk HD.; ''Up-regulation of monocytic IL-10 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cAMP elevating drugs.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  93. Wenzel I, Roth J, Sorg C.; ''Identification of a novel surface molecule, RM3/1, that contributes to the adhesion of glucocorticoid-induced human monocytes to endothelial cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  94. Gu C, Cooper DM.; ''Calmodulin-binding sites on adenylyl cyclase type VIII.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  95. Bandeira-Melo C, Woods LJ, Phoofolo M, Weller PF.; ''Intracrine cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-mediated signaling of eosinophil vesicular transport-mediated interleukin-4 secretion.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114834view16:33, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113280view11:35, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112811view18:18, 9 October 2020DeSlOntology Term : 'Leishmaniasis pathway' added !
112759view16:16, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
5HT MetaboliteCHEBI:28790 (ChEBI)
ADAM17(1-214)ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAM17(215-827) ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ComplexR-HSA-9662765 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ComplexR-HSA-9662793 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827)ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADAM17ProteinP78536 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY1 ProteinQ08828 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY2 ProteinQ08462 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY3 ProteinO60266 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY4 ProteinQ8NFM4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY5 ProteinO95622 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY6 ProteinO43306 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY7 ProteinP51828 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY8 ProteinP40145 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCY9 ProteinO60503 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1(132-158) ProteinP18509 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1(132-169) ProteinP18509 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1(82-129) ProteinP18509 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADCYAP1R1 ProteinP41586 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADM(95-146) ProteinP35318 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADM2(19-153) ProteinQ7Z4H4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADORA2A ProteinP29274 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADORA2B ProteinP29275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPComplexR-HSA-9660820 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-RibComplexR-HSA-9660818 (Reactome)
ADORA2BProteinP29275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:456216 (ChEBI)
ADR MetaboliteCHEBI:28918 (ChEBI)
ADRB1 ProteinP08588 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRB2 ProteinP07550 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADRB3 ProteinP13945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AHCYL1 ProteinO43865 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AHCYL1:NAD+:ITPR1:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerComplexR-HSA-5226920 (Reactome)
ATP MetaboliteCHEBI:30616 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:30616 (ChEBI)
AVP(20-28) ProteinP01185 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AVPR2 ProteinP30518 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ade-Rib MetaboliteCHEBI:16335 (ChEBI)
Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPComplexR-HSA-9660817 (Reactome)
Ade-RibMetaboliteCHEBI:16335 (ChEBI)
Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor)ComplexR-HSA-170665 (Reactome)
Antigen R-ALL-173548 (Reactome)
ArgN-GCG(98-127) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) The amide group at the C-terminus is not necessary for biological activity.
CALCA(83-119) ProteinP01258 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCA(83-119) ProteinP06881 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCB(82-118) ProteinP10092 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCR ProteinP30988 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALCRL ProteinQ16602 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALM1 ProteinP0DP23 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CALM1:4xCa2+ComplexR-HSA-74294 (Reactome)
CALM1ProteinP0DP23 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCA MetaboliteCHEBI:16359 (ChEBI)
CD163 geneGeneProductENSG00000177575 (Ensembl)
CD163(1051-1156)ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CD163ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CD247-1 ProteinP20963-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CD3G ProteinP09693 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CDCA MetaboliteCHEBI:16755 (ChEBI)
CGA ProteinP01215 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CREB1ProteinP16220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CRH ProteinP06850 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CRHR1 ProteinP34998 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CRHR2 ProteinQ13324 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CYSLTR1 ProteinQ9Y271 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CYSLTR1,2 ProteinQ9NS75 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CYSLTR1,CYSLTR2ComplexR-HSA-416385 (Reactome)
CYSLTR2 ProteinQ9NS75 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ca2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:29108 (ChEBI)
Ca2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29108 (ChEBI)
Constitutively active orphan GPCRs R-HSA-6805225 (Reactome)
DA MetaboliteCHEBI:18243 (ChEBI)
DAGsMetaboliteCHEBI:18035 (ChEBI)
DCA MetaboliteCHEBI:28834 (ChEBI)
DPEP1 ProteinP16444 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DPEP1,2,3 dimersComplexR-HSA-2162149 (Reactome)
DPEP2 ProteinQ9H4A9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DPEP3 ProteinQ9H4B8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DRD1 ProteinP21728 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DRD5 ProteinP21918 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FCGR1A ProteinP12314 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FCGR3A ProteinP08637 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FCGRIIIA:CD3G/CD3Z dimersComplexR-HSA-2029097 (Reactome)
FGR ProteinP09769 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FSHB ProteinP01225 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FSHR ProteinP23945 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FURINProteinP09958 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FYN ProteinP06241 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
G alpha

(s):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ComplexR-HSA-163622 (Reactome)
G alpha (s):GTPComplexR-HSA-164358 (Reactome)
G-betagammaR-HSA-111865 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(i):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ComplexR-HSA-396910 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(z):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ComplexR-HSA-392049 (Reactome)
G-protein beta-gamma complexComplexR-HSA-167434 (Reactome)
GCG(146-178) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GCG(53-81) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GDP MetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GDPMetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GGT1 dimerComplexR-HSA-1247898 (Reactome)
GGT1(1-380) ProteinP19440 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GGT1(381-569) ProteinP19440 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GGT1, 5 dimersComplexR-HSA-2162130 (Reactome)
GGT5(1-387) ProteinP36269 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GGT5(388-586) ProteinP36269 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GHRH ProteinP01286 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GHRHR ProteinQ02643 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GIP(52-93) ProteinP09681 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GIPR ProteinP48546 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLP-1 (7-37) ProteinP01275 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLP1R ProteinP43220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GLP2R ProteinO95838 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAI1 ProteinP63096 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAI2 ProteinP04899 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAI3 ProteinP08754 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAS1 ProteinQ5JWF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAS2 ProteinP63092 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAT3 ProteinA8MTJ3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNAZ ProteinP19086 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB1 ProteinP62873 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB2 ProteinP62879 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB3 ProteinP16520 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB4 ProteinQ9HAV0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNB5 ProteinO14775 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG10 ProteinP50151 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG11 ProteinP61952 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG12 ProteinQ9UBI6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG13 ProteinQ9P2W3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG2 ProteinP59768 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG3 ProteinP63215 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG4 ProteinP50150 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG5 ProteinP63218 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG7 ProteinO60262 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNG8 ProteinQ9UK08 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNGT1 ProteinP63211 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GNGT2 ProteinO14610 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPBAR1 ProteinQ8TDU6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPHA2 ProteinQ96T91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPHB5 ProteinQ86YW7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GPR39 ProteinO43194 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTP MetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
GTPMetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
Glucocorticoid, IL6, IL10ComplexR-HSA-9662737 (Reactome)
GlyMetaboliteCHEBI:57305 (ChEBI)
H2OMetaboliteCHEBI:15377 (ChEBI)
HCK ProteinP08631 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HRH2 ProteinP25021 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR4 ProteinQ13639 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR6 ProteinP50406 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HTR7 ProteinP34969 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Heterotrimeric

G-protein Gs

(inactive)		ComplexR-HSA-391179 (Reactome)
Hist MetaboliteCHEBI:18295 (ChEBI)
I(1,4,5)P3 MetaboliteCHEBI:16595 (ChEBI)
I(1,4,5)P3MetaboliteCHEBI:16595 (ChEBI)
IAPP(34-70) ProteinP10997 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG1 ProteinP01857 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG2 ProteinP01859 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG3 ProteinP01860 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHG4 ProteinP01861 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHV(1-?) ProteinA2KUC3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHV1-2 ProteinP23083 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGHV7-81(1-?) ProteinQ6PIL0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKC ProteinP01834 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV1-12 ProteinA0A0C4DH73 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV1-5(23-?) ProteinP01602 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV2-28 ProteinA0A075B6P5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV2D-30 ProteinA0A075B6S6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV3D-20 ProteinA0A0C4DH25 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKV4-1(21-?) ProteinP06312 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGKVA18(21-?) ProteinA2NJV5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC1 ProteinP0CG04 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC2 ProteinP0DOY2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC3 ProteinP0DOY3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC6 ProteinP0CF74 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLC7 ProteinA0M8Q6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV(23-?) ProteinA2NXD2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV1-36(1-?) ProteinQ5NV67 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV1-40(1-?) ProteinQ5NV69 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV1-44(1-?) ProteinQ5NV81 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV10-54(1-?) ProteinQ5NV86 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV11-55(1-?) ProteinQ5NV87 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-11(1-?) ProteinQ5NV84 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-18(1-?) ProteinQ5NV65 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-23(1-?) ProteinQ5NV89 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV2-33(1-?) ProteinQ5NV66 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-12(1-?) ProteinQ5NV85 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-16(1-?) ProteinQ5NV64 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-22(1-?) ProteinQ5NV75 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-25(1-?) ProteinQ5NV90 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV3-27(1-?) ProteinQ5NV91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV4-3(1-?) ProteinQ5NV61 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV4-60(1-?) ProteinQ5NV79 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV4-69(1-?) ProteinQ5NV92 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV5-37(1-?) ProteinQ5NV68 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV5-45(1-?) ProteinQ5NV82 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV7-43(1-?) ProteinQ5NV80 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV7-46(1-?) ProteinQ5NV83 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IGLV8-61(1-?) ProteinQ5NV62 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL10 ProteinP22301 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL10 gene ProteinENSG00000136634 (Ensembl)
IL10 geneGeneProductENSG00000136634 (Ensembl)
IL10ProteinP22301 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL6 ProteinP05231 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL6 gene ProteinENSG00000136244 (Ensembl)
IL6 geneGeneProductENSG00000136244 (Ensembl)
IL6ProteinP05231 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INSL3(106-131) ProteinP51460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INSL3(21-55) ProteinP51460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IP3 receptor homotetramerComplexR-HSA-169686 (Reactome)
ITPR1 ProteinQ14643 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPR2 ProteinQ14571 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPR3 ProteinQ14573 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerComplexR-HSA-169696 (Reactome)
Ig heavy chain V-I region EU ProteinP01742 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-I region HG3 ProteinP01743 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region ARH-77 ProteinP06331 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region MCE ProteinP01817 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region NEWM ProteinP01825 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region OU ProteinP01814 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-II region WAH ProteinP01824 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region BRO ProteinP01766 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region BUT ProteinP01767 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region CAM ProteinP01768 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region DOB ProteinP01782 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region JON ProteinP01780 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region KOL ProteinP01772 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region TRO ProteinP01762 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig heavy chain V-III region WEA ProteinP01763 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V region EV15 ProteinP06315 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region AG ProteinP01593 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region AU ProteinP01594 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region BAN ProteinP04430 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region DEE ProteinP01597 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region Daudi ProteinP04432 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region Gal ProteinP01599 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region HK101 ProteinP01601 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-I region Wes ProteinP01611 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-II region Cum ProteinP01614 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-II region FR ProteinP01615 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-II region RPMI 6410 ProteinP06310 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-III region B6 ProteinP01619 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-III region POM ProteinP01624 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig kappa chain V-III region VG ProteinP04433 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V region 4A ProteinP04211 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region HA ProteinP01700 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region NEW ProteinP01701 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region NEWM ProteinP01703 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-I region VOR ProteinP01699 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region BOH ProteinP01706 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region MGC ProteinP01709 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region NEI ProteinP01705 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-II region TOG ProteinP01704 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-III region LOI ProteinP80748 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-III region SH ProteinP01714 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-IV region Bau ProteinP01715 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil ProteinP01717 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-IV region Kern ProteinP01718 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ig lambda chain V-VI region AR ProteinP01721 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IgG:LPG1G2ComplexR-HSA-9675736 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGComplexR-HSA-9664277 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGComplexR-HSA-9664266 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma

antigens:FCGR3A:CD3

dimers		ComplexR-HSA-9664263 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKComplexR-HSA-9664272 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKComplexR-HSA-9664265 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersComplexR-HSA-9664282 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma amastigote surfaceComplexR-HSA-9664283 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigensComplexR-HSA-9666422 (Reactome)
IgGComplexR-HSA-182629 (Reactome) In view of the highly variable nature of antibody proteins, this biological object is an approximate and fragmented representation of an IgM/IgD antibody, given the limitations of Ig chain enumeration in UniProt. A single mRNA transcript is alternatively spliced to give either IgM or IgD. Thus unactivated B cells contain both classes of antibody.
IgH heavy chain V-III region VH26 precursor ProteinP01764 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
L-GluMetaboliteCHEBI:29985 (ChEBI)
LCHA MetaboliteCHEBI:16325 (ChEBI)
LHB ProteinP01229 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LHCGR ProteinP22888 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LPG1G2 ProteinQ4QD44 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LPG1G2ProteinQ4QD44 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LTC4 MetaboliteCHEBI:16978 (ChEBI)
LTC4:CyslTR1,2ComplexR-HSA-9664302 (Reactome)
LTC4MetaboliteCHEBI:16978 (ChEBI)
LTD4MetaboliteCHEBI:28666 (ChEBI)
LTE4MetaboliteCHEBI:15650 (ChEBI)
LYN ProteinP07948 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ligand:GPCR

complexes that activate Gs:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs

(inactive)		ComplexR-HSA-744885 (Reactome)
Lma amastigote surfaceR-LMA-9664274 (Reactome) This entity is intended to represent any molecule that might be at the outer cell surface of a Leishmania amastigote parasite.
Lma amastigote surface R-LMA-9664274 (Reactome) This entity is intended to represent any molecule that might be at the outer cell surface of a Leishmania amastigote parasite.
MC1R ProteinQ01726 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC2R ProteinQ01718 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC3R(1-360) ProteinP41968 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC4R ProteinP32245 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MC5R ProteinP33032 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MYH9 ProteinP35579 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MYH9ProteinP35579 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Mg2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:18420 (ChEBI)
NAD+ MetaboliteCHEBI:57540 (ChEBI)
NAd MetaboliteCHEBI:18357 (ChEBI)
NPS ProteinP0C0P6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NPSR1 ProteinQ6W5P4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
P2RY11 ProteinQ96G91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PEA MetaboliteCHEBI:18397 (ChEBI)
PGD2 MetaboliteCHEBI:15555 (ChEBI)
PGE2 MetaboliteCHEBI:15551 (ChEBI)
PGI2 MetaboliteCHEBI:15552 (ChEBI)
PI(3,4,5)P3 MetaboliteCHEBI:16618 (ChEBI)
PI(3,4,5)P3MetaboliteCHEBI:16618 (ChEBI)
PI(4,5)P2MetaboliteCHEBI:18348 (ChEBI)
PKA catalytic subunitComplexR-HSA-111920 (Reactome)
PKA tetramer:4xcAMPComplexR-HSA-8951729 (Reactome)
PKA tetramerComplexR-HSA-111922 (Reactome)
PLC gamma1,2ComplexR-HSA-1169089 (Reactome)
PLCG1 ProteinP19174 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLCG2 ProteinP16885 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLK2 ProteinQ9NYY3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLK2, MAPK14ComplexR-HSA-9662745 (Reactome)
POMC(138-150) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POMC(138-176) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POMC(217-234) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POMC(77-87) ProteinP01189 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPiMetaboliteCHEBI:29888 (ChEBI)
PRKACA ProteinP17612 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKACA,(PRKACB,PRKACG,PRKX)ComplexR-HSA-9615387 (Reactome)
PRKACB ProteinP22694 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKACG ProteinP22612 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR1A ProteinP10644 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR1B ProteinP31321 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR2A ProteinP13861 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR2B ProteinP31323 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKX ProteinP51817 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGDR ProteinQ13258 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGER2 ProteinP43116 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGER4 ProteinP35408 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTGIR ProteinP43119 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH ProteinP01270 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH1R ProteinQ03431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH2(62-100) ProteinQ96A98 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTH2R ProteinP49190 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTHLH ProteinP12272 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Protein Kinase A, catalytic subunitsComplexR-HSA-111917 (Reactome)
RAMP1 ProteinO60894 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAMP2 ProteinO60895 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAMP3 ProteinO60896 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN2(162-185) ProteinP04090 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN2(25-53) ProteinP04090 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN3(119-142) ProteinQ8WXF3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RLN3(26-52) ProteinQ8WXF3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RXFP1 ProteinQ9HBX9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RXFP2 ProteinQ8WXD0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCT ProteinP09683 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCTR ProteinP47872 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SRC-1 ProteinP12931-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYK ProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYKProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Src family kinases (SFKs)ComplexR-HSA-1861597 (Reactome)
TAAR1 ProteinQ96RJ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR2 ProteinQ9P1P5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR3 ProteinQ9P1P4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR5 ProteinO14804 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR6 ProteinQ96RI8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR8 ProteinQ969N4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TAAR9 ProteinQ96RI9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TSHB ProteinP01222 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TSHR ProteinP16473 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VIP(125-152) ProteinP01282 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VIPR1 ProteinP32241 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VIPR2 ProteinP41587 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YES1 ProteinP07947 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Zn2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:29105 (ChEBI)
Zn2+MetaboliteCHEBI:29105 (ChEBI)
cAMP MetaboliteCHEBI:17489 (ChEBI)
cAMP:PKA regulatory subunitComplexR-HSA-111923 (Reactome)
cAMPMetaboliteCHEBI:17489 (ChEBI)
clustered IgG-Ag:p-FCGRs:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGComplexR-HSA-2029137 (Reactome)
glucocorticoid MetaboliteCHEBI:24261 (ChEBI)
iRHOM2ProteinQ6PJF5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-4Y-PLCG1 ProteinP19174 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-6Y-CD247 ProteinP20963-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-6Y-SYK ProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-PLCGComplexR-HSA-2029095 (Reactome)
p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ComplexR-HSA-9662806 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1 ProteinP16220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S133-CREB1:IL10 geneComplexR-HSA-9664324 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL6 geneComplexR-HSA-9662709 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1ProteinP16220 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T180,Y182-MAPK14 ProteinQ16539 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y160,Y171-CD3G ProteinP09693 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y288,Y304-FCGR2A ProteinP12318 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y753,Y759,Y1217-PLCG2 ProteinP16885 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
sCD163 ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
sCD163:MYH9ComplexR-HSA-9663429 (Reactome)
sCD163ProteinQ86VB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADAM17(1-214)ArrowR-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ArrowR-HSA-9662773 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ArrowR-HSA-9662818 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+R-HSA-9662818 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+R-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827)ArrowR-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
ADAM17(215-827)R-HSA-9662773 (Reactome)
ADAM17ArrowR-HSA-9662747 (Reactome)
ADAM17R-HSA-9662747 (Reactome)
ADAM17R-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPArrowR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-Rib:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GTPR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-RibArrowR-HSA-9660829 (Reactome)
ADORA2B:Ade-RibR-HSA-9660828 (Reactome)
ADORA2BArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
ADORA2BR-HSA-9660829 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
AHCYL1:NAD+:ITPR1:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerTBarR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPArrowR-HSA-9660828 (Reactome)
Ade-Rib:ADORA2B:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs:GDPR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
Ade-RibArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
Ade-RibR-HSA-9660829 (Reactome)
Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor)R-HSA-163617 (Reactome)
Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor)mim-catalysisR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
CALM1:4xCa2+ArrowR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
CALM1:4xCa2+ArrowR-HSA-74448 (Reactome)
CALM1R-HSA-74448 (Reactome)
CD163 geneR-HSA-9662781 (Reactome)
CD163(1051-1156)ArrowR-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
CD163ArrowR-HSA-9662781 (Reactome)
CD163R-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
CREB1R-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
CYSLTR1,CYSLTR2R-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
Ca2+ArrowR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
Ca2+R-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
Ca2+R-HSA-74448 (Reactome)
DAGsArrowR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
DPEP1,2,3 dimersmim-catalysisR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
FCGRIIIA:CD3G/CD3Z dimersR-HSA-9664268 (Reactome)
FURINmim-catalysisR-HSA-9662786 (Reactome)
G alpha

(s):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		ArrowR-HSA-163617 (Reactome)
G alpha

(s):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		mim-catalysisR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
G alpha (s):GTPArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
G alpha (s):GTPR-HSA-163617 (Reactome)
G-betagammaTBarR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(i):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		TBarR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
G-protein alpha

(z):GTP:Adenylate

cyclase		TBarR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
G-protein beta-gamma complexArrowR-HSA-9660819 (Reactome)
GDPArrowR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
GGT1 dimerTBarR-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
GGT1, 5 dimersmim-catalysisR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
GTPR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
Glucocorticoid, IL6, IL10ArrowR-HSA-9662781 (Reactome)
GlyArrowR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
Heterotrimeric

G-protein Gs

(inactive)		R-HSA-9660828 (Reactome)
I(1,4,5)P3ArrowR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
I(1,4,5)P3ArrowR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
I(1,4,5)P3R-HSA-169680 (Reactome)
IL10 geneR-HSA-9664332 (Reactome)
IL10 geneR-HSA-9664346 (Reactome)
IL10ArrowR-HSA-9664346 (Reactome)
IL6 geneR-HSA-9662708 (Reactome)
IL6 geneR-HSA-9662710 (Reactome)
IL6ArrowR-HSA-9662710 (Reactome)
IP3 receptor homotetramerR-HSA-169680 (Reactome)
ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramerArrowR-HSA-169680 (Reactome)
ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramermim-catalysisR-HSA-169683 (Reactome)
IgG:LPG1G2ArrowR-HSA-9664397 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGArrowR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3A:p-6Y-SYK:p-3Y-PLCGR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGArrowR-HSA-9664270 (Reactome)
IgG:Leishmania surface:p-FCGR3As:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma

antigens:FCGR3A:CD3

dimers		ArrowR-HSA-9664268 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma

antigens:FCGR3A:CD3

dimers		R-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKArrowR-HSA-9664273 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:SYKR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKArrowR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKArrowR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimers:p-6Y-SYKR-HSA-9664270 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersArrowR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigens:FCGR3A:p-CD3 dimersR-HSA-9664273 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma amastigote surfaceArrowR-HSA-9664285 (Reactome)
IgG:Lma antigensR-HSA-9664268 (Reactome)
IgGR-HSA-9664285 (Reactome)
IgGR-HSA-9664397 (Reactome)
L-GluArrowR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
LPG1G2R-HSA-9664397 (Reactome)
LTC4:CyslTR1,2ArrowR-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
LTC4R-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
LTC4R-HSA-9664306 (Reactome)
LTD4ArrowR-HSA-266046 (Reactome)
LTD4R-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
LTE4ArrowR-HSA-266012 (Reactome)
Ligand:GPCR

complexes that activate Gs:Heterotrimeric G-protein Gs

(inactive)		mim-catalysisR-HSA-9660824 (Reactome)
Lma amastigote surfaceR-HSA-9664285 (Reactome)
MYH9R-HSA-9663426 (Reactome)
PI(3,4,5)P3ArrowR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
PI(3,4,5)P3R-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
PI(4,5)P2R-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
PKA catalytic subunitArrowR-HSA-111925 (Reactome)
PKA catalytic subunitR-HSA-111924 (Reactome)
PKA tetramer:4xcAMPArrowR-HSA-8951727 (Reactome)
PKA tetramer:4xcAMPR-HSA-111925 (Reactome)
PKA tetramerR-HSA-8951727 (Reactome)
PLC gamma1,2R-HSA-9664270 (Reactome)
PLK2, MAPK14mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
PRKACA,(PRKACB,PRKACG,PRKX)mim-catalysisR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
Protein Kinase A, catalytic subunitsArrowR-HSA-111924 (Reactome)
R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) Protein kinase A (PKA) has two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits which are held together to form the holoenzyme and is activated upon binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunits. Once cAMP binds the regulatory subunits, the catalytic subunits are released to carry out phosphorylation of CREB1 at serine residue S133. Only the PKA catalytic subunit alpha, PRKACA, was directly demonstrated to phosphorylate CREB1 at S133, using recombinant mouse and rat proteins, respectively (Gonzalez and Montminy 1989). PKA catalytic subunits beta and gamma (PRKACB and PRKACG) are candidate CREB1 kinases based on indirect evidence and sequence similarity (Nagakura et al. 2002, Liang et al. 2007, James et al. 2009). PRKX is the catalytic subunit of the cAMP dependent protein kinase X, which shares the regulatory subunits and functional properties with the PKA. PRKX is highly expressed in the mouse fetal brain (Li et al. 2005) and is implicated in CREB1 phosphorylation through indirect evidence (Di Pasquale and Stacey 1998, Li et al. 2002).
R-HSA-111924 (Reactome) When cAMP level rises, the PKA catalytic subunit (C subunit) released from the holoenzyme enters the nucleus by passive diffusion whereas termination of signaling to the nucleus involves an active mechanism. In the nucleus, the C subunit binds to the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), and this binding not only inactivates the C subunit but also by conformational change unveils a nuclear export signal in PKI which leads to export of the C-PKI complex from the nucleus.
R-HSA-111925 (Reactome) The protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit isoforms differ in their tissue specificity and functional characteristics. The specific isoform activated in response to glucagon signaling is not known. The PKA kinase is a tetramer of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. The regulatory subunits block the catalytic subunits. Binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunit triggers dissociation of the tetramer into two active dimers made up of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit.
R-HSA-111930 (Reactome) Adenylate cyclase is responsive to calcium and calmodulin and produces cAMP. One important physiological role for Calmodulin is the regulation of adenylylcyclases. Four of the ten known adenylylcyclases are calcium sensitive, in particular type 8 (AC8).
R-HSA-163617 (Reactome) G(s)-alpha:GTP binds to inactive adenylate cyclase, causing a conformational transition in adenylate cyclase exposing the catalytic site and activating it.
R-HSA-169680 (Reactome) The IP3 receptor (IP3R) is an IP3-gated calcium channel. It is a large, homotetrameric protein, similar to other calcium channel proteins such as ryanodine. The four subunits form a 'four-leafed clover' structure arranged around the central calcium channel. Binding of ligands such as IP3 results in conformational changes in the receptor's structure that leads to channel opening.
R-HSA-169683 (Reactome) IP3 promotes the release of intracellular calcium.
R-HSA-202407 (Reactome) On recruitment to plasma membrane PLC-gamma1 then hydrolyses PIP2 producing two second messengers, diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 induces a transient increase in intracellular free Ca++, while DAG is a direct activator of protein kinase C (PKC theta). These process have been implicated in many cellular physiological functions like cell proliferation, cell growth and differentiation.
R-HSA-266012 (Reactome) Another outer surface membrane-bound, homodimeric enzyme, dipeptidase, existing in two forms DPEP1 (Adachi et al. 1989) and DPEP2 (Lee et al. 1983, Raulf et al. 1987), further hydrolyses leukotriene D4 (LTD4) to leukotriene E4 (LTE4), cleaving a glycine residue in the process.
R-HSA-266046 (Reactome) The reversible conversion of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4) is catalysed by gamma-glutamyl transferases 1 (GGT1) and 5 (GGT5). GGTs are present on the outer surface of plasma membranes and are a heterodimer of a heavy and a light chain. Its action involves the hydrolysis of the gamma-glutamyl peptide bond of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, releasing glutamate. In this example, LTC4 is a glutathione conjugate that is hydrolysed to LTD4 (Anderson et al. 1982, Wickham et al. 2011).
R-HSA-392129 (Reactome) The activation of adenylyl (adenylate) cyclase (AC) results in the production of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate i.e. cyclic AMP. Humans have 9 genes encoding membrane-associated AC and one encoding a soluble AC. Two of the classes of heterotrimeric G-proteins are named according to their effect on AC; G(s) stimulates all membrane-bound ACs (the s in G(s) denotes AC stimulatory); the G(i) class inhibits some AC isoforms, particularly 5 and 6. Beta-gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins can also regulate AC. Ca2+/Calmodulin activates some AC isoforms (1, 8 and 3) but is inhibitory to others (5 and 6).
R-HSA-74448 (Reactome) Upon increase in calcium concentration, calmodulin (CaM) is activated by binding to four calcium ions (Crouch and Klee 1980).
R-HSA-8951727 (Reactome) Protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit isoforms differ in their tissue specificity and functional characteristics. The isoform activated in response to glucagon signaling is not known.

PKA kinase is a tetramer of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. The regulatory subunits block the activity of the catalytic subunits.

cAMP binds the regulatory subunits, which leads to dissociation of the tetramer into two active dimers made up of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit.
R-HSA-9660819 (Reactome) The classical view of G-protein signalling is that the G-protein alpha subunit dissociates from the beta:gamma dimer. Activated G alpha (s) and the beta:gamma dimer then participate in separate signaling cascades. Although G protein dissociation has been contested (e.g. Bassi et al. 1996), recent in vivo experiments have demonstrated that dissociation does occur, though possibly not to completion (Lambert 2008).
R-HSA-9660824 (Reactome) The liganded receptor undergoes a conformational change, generating a signal that is propagated in a manner that is not completely understood to the the G-protein. This stimulates the exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit, activating the G-protein. This event is negatively regulated by some Activators of G protein signaling (AGS) proteins, a class of proteins identified in yeast functional screens for proteins able to activate G protein signaling in the absence of a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) (Cismowski et al. 1999, Takesono et al. 1999). AGS proteins contain G protein regulatory (GPR) motifs (also referred to as the GoLoco motif) that bind and stabilize the Galpha subunit in its GDP-bound conformation (Mochizuki et al. 1996, Peterson et al. 2000, Cao et al. 2004, Blumer & Lanier 2014). Some RGS proteins similarly bind to Galpha preventing the exchange of GDP for GTP (Soundararajan et al. 2008).
R-HSA-9660828 (Reactome) The role of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein G alpha-s subunit (G alpha-s) (Kozasa T et al, 1988) is to activate adenylate cyclase, which, in turn, produces cAMP, which, in turn, activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
R-HSA-9660829 (Reactome) Adenosine receptors A2a and A2b (ADORA2A and ADORA2B) bind extracellular adenosine (Ado-Rib) and are believed to play a role in regulating myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow (Peterfreund 1996). The A2A receptor is responsible for regulating myocardial blood flow by vasodilation of the coronary arteries, which increases blood flow to the myocardium, but may lead to hypotension. Just as in A1 receptors, this normally serves as a protective mechanism. A2B receptor work (Pierce KD et al, 1992) has lagged behind research in the other adenosine receptors.
Both ADORA receptors mediate their actions by coupling with the G protein alpha s subunit which activates adenylyl cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP concentrations. In surfactant physiology, the receptor:adenosine complex positively regulates surfactant export from lamellar bodies. (Cooper JA et al, 1995; Linden J et al, 1999). Adenosine deaminase (CECR1, ADA2) degrades extracellular adenosine (Ade-Rib), reducing or neutralising the positive regulatory effect of adenosine in surfactant export.
R-HSA-9662708 (Reactome) The IL-6 promoter contains several transcription factor-responsive elements (Luo and Zheng 2016). CREB, a classical cAMP-inducible CRE-binding factor interacts with a region of the IL-6 promoter that is known as CRE-like sequence (Dendorfer et al. 1994). Moreover, IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by a wide variety of cells including macrophages, T cells, B cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (Yang et al. 2014).
R-HSA-9662710 (Reactome) The gene for IL-6 is located at chromosome 7 whose unit transcription consists of 5 exons and 4 introns. The promoter region contains several transcription start sites with response elements for nuclear factor (NF)-κB, enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EPBβ; formerly NF-IL6), activator protein (AP)-1 (Burger 2013) and CREB transcription factor (Dendorfer et al. 1994). The protein form of human IL-6 is a glycoprotein composed of 184 amino acids with a molecular weight of 21-28 kDa, depending on its degree of glycosylation. It has a 4-helix bundle structure made up of 4 long α-helices arranged in an up-up-down-down topology (Burger 2013).
R-HSA-9662747 (Reactome) In mice, inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRHOM2) has been shown to be required for disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17's (ADAM17) exit from the ER (Cavadas et al. 2017), through the trans-Golgi network and on to the plasma membrane (Adrain et al. 2012, McIlwain et al. 2012, Issuree et al. 2013, Cavadas et al. 2017).
R-HSA-9662773 (Reactome) A crystallography study revealed that disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17) requires Zinc as a cofactor to function properly (Maskos et al. 1998).
R-HSA-9662781 (Reactome) The CD163 gene encodes scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (CD163) which functions at the plasma membrane of macrophages (Etzerodt & Moestrup 2013). Glucocorticoid, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 are some of the most potent stimulators of CD163 expression (Petra Högger et al. 1998, P Högger et al. 1998, Van den Heuvel et al. 1999, Buechler et al. 2000 & Sulahian et al. 2000, ). For simplicity, the steps involed in transcription and translation have been omitted.
R-HSA-9662786 (Reactome) Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17) is a type I transmembrane protein that consist of an N-terminal signal sequence followed by a prodomain, a metalloproteinase (catalytic) domain, a disintegrin domain, an EGF-like (cysteine-rich) domain, a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain (Scheller et al. 2011, Lambrecht et al. 2018). While ADAM17 is being transported through the trans-Golgi network, FURIN cleaves the prodomain region of ADAM17 releasing the inhibitory part (Milla et al. 1999, Gonzales et al. 2004, Wong et al. 2015) and leaving the catalytically-active form (ADAM17(215-827) (Srour et al. 2003, Endres et al. 2003, Adrain et al. 2012, McIlwain et al. 2012, Wong et al. 2015).
R-HSA-9662818 (Reactome) In mice, inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRHOM2) has been shown to be required for disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17's (ADAM17) exit from the ER (Cavadas et al. 2017), through the trans-Golgi network and on to the plasma membrane (Adrain et al. 2012, McIlwain et al. 2012, Issuree et al. 2013, Cavadas et al. 2017).
R-HSA-9662823 (Reactome) The phosphorylation of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17) by PLK2 and MAPKs has been determined by direct and indirect experiments (Müllberg et al. 1993, Schwarz et al. 2014, Fan and Derynck 1999; Gechtman et al. 1999; Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2002; Fan, Turck, and Derynck 2003 & Xu and Derynck 2010). Specifically, the phosphorylation at residues Thr735 (Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2002 & Xu and Derynck 2010) and Ser819 is required for ectodomains shedding.
R-HSA-9662837 (Reactome) The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 (CD163) is a transmembrane macrophage protein which upon cleavage, leads to the release of a soluble form (sCD163, CD163(42-1050)) (Droste, Sorg, and Högger 1999 and Hintz et al. 2002). The inflammation-responsive protease ADAM17 can mediate the cleavage of CD163 to release sCD163 (Etzerodt et al. 2010 & Etzerodt et al. 2014).
R-HSA-9663426 (Reactome) The soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) has been suggested to inhibit activated T-lymphocyte proliferation (P Högger & Sorg 2001) by potentially binding to a non-muscle myosin heavy chain type a (MYH9) (Timmermann et al. 2004, Hou et al. 2019).
R-HSA-9664261 (Reactome) Multiple sites of phosphorylation are known to exist in SYK, which both regulate its activity and also serve as docking sites for other proteins. Some of these sites include Y131 of interdomain A, Y323, Y348, and Y352 of interdomain B, and Y525 and Y526 within the activation loop of the kinase domain and Y630 in the C-terminus (Zhang et al. 2002, Lupher et al. 1998, Furlong et al. 1997). Phosphorylation of these tyrosine residues disrupts autoinhibitory interactions and results in kinase activation even in the absence of phosphorylated ITAM tyrosines (Tsang et al. 2008). SYK is primarily phosphorylated by Src family kinases and this acts as an initiating trigger by generating few molecules of activated SYK which are then involved in major SYK autophosphorylation (Hillal et al. 1997).
R-HSA-9664268 (Reactome) Leishmania amastigotes parasites opsonized by IgG are more susceptible to be phagocytosed through FcγRs. Nevertheless, besides the phagocytosis induction, the interaction IgG-FcγRs has been implicated in the synthesis induction, of several cytokines (Buxbaum 2013; Chu et al. 2010; Thomas and Buxbaum 2008). In particular, Buxbaum et al. in 2008 showed that IgGs bound glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLs) of L. Mexicana and that IgG:GIPLs induces the synthesis of IL-10 through FcγRIII.
R-HSA-9664270 (Reactome) PLCgamma (PLCG) is recruited to FCGR and the phosphorylated Y342 and Y346 in SYK have been reported to be involved in the interaction of PLCG (Law et al. 1996). PLCG accumulates at the phagocytic cup during FCGR, but the exact role of PLCG in the regulation of phagocytosis is not clear. It may be involved in FCGR signaling by activating PKC through DAG production (Garcia-Garcia & Rosales 2002 )
R-HSA-9664271 (Reactome) Activated PLCG translocates to the plasmamembrane and interacts with the inositol ring of the membrane bound phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) with its PH domain. The active enzyme promotes intracelllular signaling by catalysing the hydrolysis of PIP2 to generate the second messengers IP3 and DAG.
R-HSA-9664273 (Reactome) SYK is a tyrosine kinase related to ZAP70 that is expressed in all hematopoietic cells and coimmunoprecipitates with the gamma chain associated with FCGRIIIA in macrophages and with FCERI in mast cells. SYK is very important for FCGR phagocytosis and is recruited to these phosphorylated ITAM residues through its two SRC homology 2 (SH2) domains (Agarwal et al. 1993). When SYK kinase expression is inhibited with antisense oligonucleotides both in vitro and in vivo, phagocytosis and inflammation are abolished (Matsuda et al. 1997). The domain structure of SYK comprises a regulatory region at the N-terminus consisting of a pair of SH2 domains separated by an inter-SH2 linker called interdomain A, an SH2-domain-kinase linker termed interdomain B, and a C-terminal kinase domain (Arias-Palomo et al. 2009). In resting state SYK exists in an auto-inhibited conformation by the interactions between the SH2-SH2 regulatory region and the inter-SH2 linker and the catalytic domain. This interdomain interaction reduces the conformational flexibility required by the kinase domain for catalysis (Arias-Palomo et al. 2007). Changes in the orientation of the SH2 domains could control the disruption of the auto inhibitory interactions and the activation of SYK. These movements could be totally or partially induced by the binding to phosphorylated ITAMs and/or phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in interdomain A or B (Arias-Palomo et al. 2009). Tsang et al. suggested that SYK functions as an OR-gate switch with respect to phosphorylation and ITAM binding, as either one stimulus OR the other is sufficient to cause full activation (Tsang et al. 2008).
R-HSA-9664275 (Reactome) After cross linking, Fc gamma receptors are sequestered to lipid rafts where they are complexed with some of the tyrosine kinases of Src family and undergo phosphorylation on the tyrosine residues contained in conserved ITAM sequences. At least six out of nine members of the Src family kinases (SRC, FYN, FGR, HCK, YES and LYN ) have been identified in the phagocytic cells and are implicated in the initiation of Fc gamma mediated signaling. (Suzuki et al. 2000, Majeed et al. 2001, Kwiatkowska et al. 2003). Some of these kinases have been found associated with specific receptors. In monocytes HCK and LYN have been found associated with FCGRI (Durden et al. 1995), whereas only HCK with FCGRIIA (Ghazizadeh et al. 1994) while FGR in neutrophils (Hamada et al. 1993) and LCK in NK cells with FCGRIIIA (Pignata et al. 1993)
The implication of Src kinases in phosphorylation was first supported by pharmacological findings that herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor relatively specific for Src-family kinases, potently suppressed Fc receptor mediated functions (Greenberg et al. 1993, Suzuki et al. 2000). However, their particular involvement in phagocytosis remains unclear, as targeted disruption of single or multiple Src family genes did not result in significant alterations in phagocytosis (Hunter et al. 1993, Fitzer Attas et al. 2000, Suzuki et al. 2000). HCK, FGR and LYN triple-deficient (-/-) macrophages have shown significant delays in FCGR mediated phagocytosis, but these deficiencies do not completly disrupt the process (Fitzer Attas et al. 2000).
Tyrosine residues Y288 and Y304 (Y282 and Y298 according to the literature reference, it is 6 residues shorter compared to uniprot entry due to an alternate initiation codon usage), within ITAM sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of FCGRIIA are the key target sites that are phosphorylated by Src family kinases (Mitchell et al, 1994). In case of FCGRIA and FCGRIIIA the specific tyrosine residues within ITAMs of the associated gamma/zeta chains are phosphorylated by activated Src family kinases (SFKs) (Park et al. 1993).
R-HSA-9664278 (Reactome) PLCG is tyrosine phosphorylated by either SYK or Src kinases on three tyrosine residues and this phosphorylation enhances the activity of PLCG. Although maximal activation requires binding of PLCG to PIP3 with its plecstrin homology (PH) domain.
R-HSA-9664285 (Reactome) The internalization of Leishmania amastigotes by macrophages is thought to be mediated mainly through opsonization with immunoglobulins (Igs) which bind Fc gamma receptors (FCGRs), stimulating their uptake (Morehead et al 2002 & Padigel et al. 2005). Glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLs) are the most abundant glycolipids on the surface of the amastigote form of Leishmania parasites and Buxbaum and colleagues showed that IgG1 in mice binds GIPL molecules on the amastigote stage of L. mexicana to subsequently induce phagocytosis through FCGRs (Buxbaum 2013).
R-HSA-9664306 (Reactome) The cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent smooth muscle contractile agents mediating bronchoconstriction. Examples are LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4. There are two human cys-LT receptors, 1 (Lynch KR et al, 1999) and 2 (Heise CE et al, 2000). They mediate their effects via coupling to the G protein alpha q/11 subunit (Sarau HM et al, 1999). However, signalling downstream LTC4-cysLTR binding has been associated with the production of IL4, independent of the GPCR associated heterotrimeric protein Gq (Bandeira Melo et al. 2002).
R-HSA-9664332 (Reactome) The IL-10 promoter contains several transcription factor-responsive elements. (Asadullah et al 2003). In macrophages, the major source of IL-10, several receptor-mediated cytokine transcription end up in the activation of IL10 transcription factors, such as CREB (Platzer et al. 1995, Kelly et al 2010 & Sanin et al 2015)
R-HSA-9664346 (Reactome) The Interleukin 10 (IL10) gene is located at chromosome 1q31-32. It encodes for a protein with the same name that acts as a pleiotropic cytokine expressed primarily by monocytes and to a smaller degree by lymphocytes. IL10 down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II and costimulatory molecules on macrophages (Eskdale et al. 1997).
R-HSA-9664397 (Reactome) The internalization of Leishmania amastigotes by macrophages is thought to be mediated mainly through opsonization with immunoglobulins (Igs) which bind FcγRs, stimulating the uptake (Morehead et al 2002 & Padigel et al. 2005). Glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLs) are the most abundant glycolipids on the surface of the amastigote form of Leishmania parasites and Buxbaum and colleagues showed that IgG1 in mice, binds the GIPL molecules on the amastigote stage of L. mexicana to subsequently induced the phagocytosis through FcγRs (Buxbaum 2013).
R-HSA-9665525 (Reactome) Solube CD163 (sCD163) is taken up by T-cells from the circulation by an unknown mechanism (Timmermann et al. 2004).
SYKR-HSA-9664273 (Reactome)
Src family kinases (SFKs)mim-catalysisR-HSA-9664261 (Reactome)
Src family kinases (SFKs)mim-catalysisR-HSA-9664275 (Reactome)
Zn2+R-HSA-9662773 (Reactome)
cAMP:PKA regulatory subunitArrowR-HSA-111925 (Reactome)
cAMPArrowR-HSA-111930 (Reactome)
cAMPArrowR-HSA-392129 (Reactome)
cAMPR-HSA-8951727 (Reactome)
clustered IgG-Ag:p-FCGRs:p-6Y-SYK:PLCGmim-catalysisR-HSA-9664278 (Reactome)
iRHOM2mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662747 (Reactome)
iRHOM2mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662818 (Reactome)
p-PLCGArrowR-HSA-9664271 (Reactome)
p-PLCGmim-catalysisR-HSA-202407 (Reactome)
p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+ArrowR-HSA-9662823 (Reactome)
p-S,T-ADAM17(215-827):Zn2+mim-catalysisR-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL10 geneArrowR-HSA-9664332 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL10 geneArrowR-HSA-9664346 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL6 geneArrowR-HSA-9662708 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1:IL6 geneArrowR-HSA-9662710 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1ArrowR-HSA-111919 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1R-HSA-9662708 (Reactome)
p-S133-CREB1R-HSA-9664332 (Reactome)
sCD163:MYH9ArrowR-HSA-9663426 (Reactome)
sCD163ArrowR-HSA-9662837 (Reactome)
sCD163ArrowR-HSA-9665525 (Reactome)
sCD163R-HSA-9663426 (Reactome)
sCD163R-HSA-9665525 (Reactome)
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