Axl is a transmembrane protein comes under TAM (Tyro3,Axl and Mertk) family of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). It is first identified as transforming gene, isolated from primary human myeloid leukemia cells. Axl gene is located in chromosome 19, at 19q13.1 , which encodes 894 amino acids with molecular weight range between 100 and 140kDa. Axl receptor is having extracellular, transmembrane and an intracellular domain. Extra cellular domain contains two immunoglobulin like (IgL) and fibronectin type-III (FN III) like domain with a single pass transmembrane domain.
Peng CK, Wu CP, Lin JY, Peng SC, Lee CH, Huang KL, Shen CH; ''Gas6/Axl signaling attenuates alveolar inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury by up-regulating SOCS3-mediated pathway.''; PLoS One, 2019 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Baumann C, Ullrich A, Torka R; ''GAS6-expressing and self-sustaining cancer cells in 3D spheroids activate the PDK-RSK-mTOR pathway for survival and drug resistance.''; Mol Oncol, 2017 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Bertin FR, Lemari CA, Robins RS, Blostein MD; ''Growth arrest-specific 6 regulates thrombin-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 through forkhead box O1 in endothelial cells.''; J Thromb Haemost, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Grommes C, Lee CY, Wilkinson BL, Jiang Q, Koenigsknecht-Talboo JL, Varnum B, Landreth GE; ''Regulation of microglial phagocytosis and inflammatory gene expression by Gas6 acting on the Axl/Mer family of tyrosine kinases.''; J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 2008 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chen YL, Tsai YT, Chao TT, Wu YN, Chen MC, Lin YH, Liao CH, Chou SP, Chiang HS; ''DAPK and CIP2A are involved in GAS6/AXL-mediated Schwann cell proliferation in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury.''; Oncotarget, 2018 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Reichl P, Dengler M, van Zijl F, Huber H, Fhrlinger G, Reichel C, Sieghart W, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Grubinger M, Mikulits W; ''Axl activates autocrine transforming growth factor- signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.''; Hepatology, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rankin EB, Fuh KC, Castellini L, Viswanathan K, Finger EC, Diep AN, LaGory EL, Kariolis MS, Chan A, Lindgren D, Axelson H, Miao YR, Krieg AJ, Giaccia AJ; ''Direct regulation of GAS6/AXL signaling by HIF promotes renal metastasis through SRC and MET.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Martinelli E, Martini G, Cardone C, Troiani T, Liguori G, Vitagliano D, Napolitano S, Morgillo F, Rinaldi B, Melillo RM, Liotti F, Nappi A, Bianco R, Berrino L, Ciuffreda LP, Ciardiello D, Iaffaioli V, Botti G, Ferraiolo F, Ciardiello F; ''AXL is an oncotarget in human colorectal cancer.''; Oncotarget, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Paccez JD, Vasques GJ, Correa RG, Vasconcellos JF, Duncan K, Gu X, Bhasin M, Libermann TA, Zerbini LF; ''The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is an essential regulator of prostate cancer proliferation and tumor growth and represents a new therapeutic target.''; Oncogene, 2013 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wang C, Jin H, Wang N, Fan S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wei L, Tao X, Gu D, Zhao F, Fang J, Yao M, Qin W; ''Gas6/Axl Axis Contributes to Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Breast Cancer through Akt/GSK-3-catenin Signaling.''; Theranostics, 2016 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Collina F, La Sala L, Liotti F, Prevete N, La Mantia E, Chiofalo MG, Aquino G, Arenare L, Cantile M, Liguori G, Di Gennaro F, Pezzullo L, Losito NS, Vecchio G, Botti G, Melillo RM, Franco R; ''AXL Is a Novel Predictive Factor and Therapeutic Target for Radioactive Iodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer.''; Cancers (Basel), 2019 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ammoun S, Provenzano L, Zhou L, Barczyk M, Evans K, Hilton DA, Hafizi S, Hanemann CO; ''Axl/Gas6/NF-kappa-B signalling in schwannoma pathological proliferation, adhesion and survival.''; Oncogene, 2014 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Yumoto K, Eber MR, Wang J, Cackowski FC, Decker AM, Lee E, Nobre AR, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Jung Y, Taichman RS; ''Axl is required for TGF-2-induced dormancy of prostate cancer cells in the bone marrow.''; Sci Rep, 2016 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Paccez JD, Duncan K, Vava A, Correa RG, Libermann TA, Parker MI, Zerbini LF; ''Inactivation of GSK3B pathway via Axl represents an important mediator of tumorigenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.''; Mol Biol Cell, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
de Polo A, Luo Z, Gerarduzzi C, Chen X, Little JB, Yuan ZM; ''AXL receptor signalling suppresses p53 in melanoma through stabilization of the MDMX-MDM2 complex.''; J Mol Cell Biol, 2017 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wang C, Jin H, Wang N, Fan S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wei L, Tao X, Gu D, Zhao F, Fang J, Yao M, Qin W; ''Gas6/Axl Axis Contributes to Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Breast Cancer through Akt/GSK-3-catenin Signaling.''; Theranostics, 2016 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Jin Y, Nie D, Li J, Du X, Lu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Pan J; ''Gas6/AXL Signaling Regulates Self-Renewal of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells by Stabilizing -Catenin.''; Clin Cancer Res, 2017 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Jin CW, Wang H, Chen YQ, Tang MX, Fan GQ, Wang ZH, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhong M; ''Gas6 delays senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells through the PI3K/ Akt/FoxO signaling pathway.''; Cell Physiol Biochem, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Han J, Bae J, Choi CY, Choi SP, Kang HS, Jo EK, Park J, Lee YS, Moon HS, Park CG, Lee MS, Chun T; ''Autophagy induced by AXL receptor tyrosine kinase alleviates acute liver injury via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice.''; Autophagy, 2016 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Antony J, Tan TZ, Kelly Z, Low J, Choolani M, Recchi C, Gabra H, Thiery JP, Huang RY; ''The GAS6-AXL signaling network is a mesenchymal (Mes) molecular subtype-specific therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.''; Sci Signal, 2016 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ammoun S, Provenzano L, Zhou L, Barczyk M, Evans K, Hilton DA, Hafizi S, Hanemann CO; ''Axl/Gas6/NFB signalling in schwannoma pathological proliferation, adhesion and survival.''; Oncogene, 2014 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Tai KY, Shieh YS, Lee CS, Shiah SG, Wu CW; ''Axl promotes cell invasion by inducing MMP-9 activity through activation of NF-kappaB and Brg-1.''; Oncogene, 2008 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lee EH, Kim EM, Ji KY, Park AR, Choi HR, Lee HY, Kim SM, Chung BY, Park CH, Choi HJ, Ko YH, Bai HW, Kang HS; ''Axl acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating LIGHT expression in T lymphoma.''; Oncotarget, 2017 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Brand TM, Iida M, Corrigan KL, Braverman CM, Coan JP, Flanigan BG, Stein AP, Salgia R, Rolff J, Kimple RJ, Wheeler DL; ''The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL mediates nuclear translocation of the epidermal growth factor receptor.''; Sci Signal, 2017 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sen T, Tong P, Diao L, Li L, Fan Y, Hoff J, Heymach JV, Wang J, Byers LA; ''Targeting AXL and mTOR Pathway Overcomes Primary and Acquired Resistance to WEE1 Inhibition in Small-Cell Lung Cancer.''; Clin Cancer Res, 2017 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Tai KY, Shieh YS, Lee CS, Shiah SG, Wu CW; ''Axl promotes cell invasion by inducing MMP-9 activity through activation of NF-kappaB and Brg-1.''; Oncogene, 2008 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Elkabets M, Pazarentzos E, Juric D, Sheng Q, Pelossof RA, Brook S, Benzaken AO, Rodon J, Morse N, Yan JJ, Liu M, Das R, Chen Y, Tam A, Wang H, Liang J, Gurski JM, Kerr DA, Rosell R, Teixid C, Huang A, Ghossein RA, Rosen N, Bivona TG, Scaltriti M, Baselga J; ''AXL mediates resistance to PI3K inhibition by activating the EGFR/PKC/mTOR axis in head and neck and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.''; Cancer Cell, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Brown JE, Krodel M, Pazos M, Lai C, Prieto AL; ''Cross-phosphorylation, signaling and proliferative functions of the Tyro3 and Axl receptors in Rat2 cells.''; PLoS One, 2012 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Yanagita M, Ishii K, Ozaki H, Arai H, Nakano T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K, Kita T, Doi T; ''Mechanism of inhibitory effect of warfarin on mesangial cell proliferation.''; J Am Soc Nephrol, 1999 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Allen MP, Zeng C, Schneider K, Xiong X, Meintzer MK, Bellosta P, Basilico C, Varnum B, Heidenreich KA, Wierman ME; ''Growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6)/adhesion related kinase (Ark) signaling promotes gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal survival via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt.''; Mol Endocrinol, 1999 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Abu-Thuraia A, Gauthier R, Chidiac R, Fukui Y, Screaton RA, Gratton JP, C JF; ''Axl phosphorylates Elmo scaffold proteins to promote Rac activation and cell invasion.''; Mol Cell Biol, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wu G, McBride DW, Zhang JH; ''Axl activation attenuates neuroinflammation by inhibiting the TLR/TRAF/NF-B pathway after MCAO in rats.''; Neurobiol Dis, 2018 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Li W, Xiong X, Abdalla A, Alejo S, Zhu L, Lu F, Sun H; ''HGF-induced formation of the MET-AXL-ELMO2-DOCK180 complex promotes RAC1 activation, receptor clustering, and cancer cell migration and invasion.''; J Biol Chem, 2018 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Li Y, Jia L, Liu C, Gong Y, Ren D, Wang N, Zhang X, Zhao Y; ''Axl as a downstream effector of TGF-1 via PI3K/Akt-PAK1 signaling pathway promotes tumor invasion and chemoresistance in breast carcinoma.''; Tumour Biol, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Leconet W, Larbouret C, Chard T, Thomas G, Neiveyans M, Busson M, Jarlier M, Radosevic-Robin N, Pugnire M, Bernex F, Penault-Llorca F, Pasquet JM, Plegrin A, Robert B; ''Preclinical validation of AXL receptor as a target for antibody-based pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.''; Oncogene, 2014 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Hasanbasic I, Cuerquis J, Varnum B, Blostein MD; ''Intracellular signaling pathways involved in Gas6-Axl-mediated survival of endothelial cells.''; Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2004 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Allen MP, Xu M, Linseman DA, Pawlowski JE, Bokoch GM, Heidenreich KA, Wierman ME; ''Adhesion-related kinase repression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression requires Rac activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.''; J Biol Chem, 2002 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lee Y, Lee M, Kim S; ''Gas6 induces cancer cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through upregulation of MAPK and Slug.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Yu H, Liu R, Ma B, Li X, Yen HY, Zhou Y, Krasnoperov V, Xia Z, Zhang X, Bove AM, Buscarini M, Parekh D, Gill IS, Liao Q, Tretiakova M, Quinn D, Zhao J, Gill PS; ''Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is a potential therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma.''; Br J Cancer, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sainaghi PP, Castello L, Bergamasco L, Galletti M, Bellosta P, Avanzi GC; ''Gas6 induces proliferation in prostate carcinoma cell lines expressing the Axl receptor.''; J Cell Physiol, 2005 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Song X, Wang H, Logsdon CD, Rashid A, Fleming JB, Abbruzzese JL, Gomez HF, Evans DB; ''Overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl promotes tumor cell invasion and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.''; Cancer, 2011 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Shankar SL, O'Guin K, Kim M, Varnum B, Lemke G, Brosnan CF, Shafit-Zagardo B; ''Gas6/Axl signaling activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt1 survival pathway to protect oligodendrocytes from tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis.''; J Neurosci, 2006 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ben-Batalla I, Schultze A, Wroblewski M, Erdmann R, Heuser M, Waizenegger JS, Riecken K, Binder M, Schewe D, Sawall S, Witzke V, Cubas-Cordova M, Janning M, Wellbrock J, Fehse B, Hagel C, Krauter J, Ganser A, Lorens JB, Fiedler W, Carmeliet P, Pantel K, Bokemeyer C, Loges S; ''Axl, a prognostic and therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia mediates paracrine crosstalk of leukemia cells with bone marrow stroma.''; Blood, 2013 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Goudarzi S, Rivera A, Butt AM, Hafizi S; ''Gas6 Promotes Oligodendrogenesis and Myelination in the Adult Central Nervous System and After Lysolecithin-Induced Demyelination.''; ASN Neuro, 2016 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cheng LC, Chen YL, Cheng AN, Lee AY, Cho CY, Huang JS, Chuang SE; ''AXL phosphorylates and up-regulates TNS2 and its implications in IRS-1-associated metabolism in cancer cells.''; J Biomed Sci, 2018 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Gallicchio M, Mitola S, Valdembri D, Fantozzi R, Varnum B, Avanzi GC, Bussolino F; ''Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated endothelial cell activation by Axl tyrosine kinase receptor.''; Blood, 2005 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Brcena C, Stefanovic M, Tutusaus A, Joannas L, Menndez A, Garca-Ruiz C, Sancho-Bru P, Mar M, Caballeria J, Rothlin CV, Fernndez-Checa JC, de Frutos PG, Morales A; ''Gas6/Axl pathway is activated in chronic liver disease and its targeting reduces fibrosis via hepatic stellate cell inactivation.''; J Hepatol, 2015 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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